ヘラートとカンダハールの旧市街地の構成の比較

Abstract

Afghanistan, situated at the crossroads of Central and South Asia, spans approximately 652,860square kilometers with a population of around 40.5 million. Its prominent cities---:-Kabul, Kandahar,and Herat— are known for their rich historical and cultural legacies. The urban structures of thesecities reflect their historical, cultural, and socio-political evolution. This research compares Heratand Kandahar Old City 's urban structures, focusing on dalans, water supply, and drainage systems. Herat, an industrial and cultural hub, had 59 dalans identified via aerial imagery in 2016,reflecting a sharp decline over recent decades. The number of dalans in Herat decreased by 27%from 1977-78 to 2005-06 and 54% between 2005-06 and 2019-20. Of the remaining dalans, 16require immediate repairs. Meanwhile, Kandahar, a city with critical historical importance, saw asignificant increase in dalan construction, rising from 26 in 1966 to 121 by 2023. These newerdalans, though often located on dead-end streets, overlap with historical areas (northwest quarter)containing houses over 150 years old, raising concerns about preservation. The total length of dalansin Kandahar (1,118 meters) surpasses Herat's (829 meters), contributing to a more enclosed, compacturban space where the dalans are shorter and narrower. This study also examines Herat's water supply and drainage systems. The historical water supplynetwork, branching from the Enjil Canal, was essential in providing water to critical public facilities.At the same time, the drainage system, though less well-documented, relied on a natural slope tomanage rainwater and wastewater. Since 2005, with the support of AKTC and the Herat Municipality,modem drainage systems have replaced the traditional ditches, transforming old urban spaces intomore structured areas, such as plazas. Kandahar's increasing number of dalans contrasts with Herat's decline, but both cities facechallenges in preserving their architectural heritage amidst modernization. The findings emphasizethe need for integrated conservation strategies that balance urban development with protectinghistorical and cultural landmarks.博士（工学）http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06琉球大学University of the Ryukyu