Chlorophyll content in the leaves of sweet corn grown with cover crops

Abstract

Razlika u sadržaju hlorofila predstavlja jedan od najizrazitijih simptoma stresa, posebno u periodu nakon primene herbicida u gajenom usevu. Pokrovni usevi imaju uticaja na smanjenje zakorovljenosti, čime se redukuje primena herbicida što uslovljava veči sadržaj hlorofila u listovima gajenih biljaka. Na sadržaj hlorofila u listovima utiču i starost i položaj listova, mineralna ishrana, temperatura, relativna vlaga, genotip i drugo. Sa razvojem održivih sistema pokrovni usevi su prepoznati kao faktori obezbeđivanja azota glavnom usevu, a samim tim i usevi koji povoljno utiču na sadržaj hlorofila u listovima. Tokom 2014/2015. i 2015/2016. godine (faktor A) je sproveden ogled, postavljen po split-plot dizajnu na eksperimentalnom polju Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje". Kao glavni usev gajen je hibrid kukuruza šećerca ZPSC 421su (FAO 400). U ogledu je uključena kontrolna varijanta, a kao pokrovni usevi (faktor B) gajeni su: obična grahorica, ozimi ovas, ozimi krmni kelj, ozimi krmni grašak i smeše ozimi krmni grašak + ozimi ovas i obična grahorica+ozimi ovas, uz primenu mikrobiološkog đubriva, (faktor C). Cilj rada je ispitivanje sadržaja hlorofila u listovima kukuruza šećerca, gajenog sa pokrovim usevima. Sadržaj hlorofila je meren pomoću SPAD uređaja (Infraneo, Chopin Technologies, Francuska) na tri biljke u svakom ponavljanju, sa tri mesta na listovima klipa. Statistički vrlo značaj uticaj je ispoljila interakcija faktora godina x pokrovni usev, kao i pojedinačno delovanje faktora pokrovni usev. Najbolji efekat je postignut kod ozimog krmnog graška u drugoj godini bez primene mikrobiološkog đubriva (45.16 Spad units) i sa njegovom primenom (40.29 Spad units) u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu.The difference in the content of chlorophyll is one of the most pronounced symptoms of stress, especially in the period after the application of herbicides in the cultivated crop. Cover crops have an effect on the reduction of weeds, which reduces the use of herbicides, which leads to a higher content of chlorophyll in the leaves of cultivated plants. The chlorophyll content in the leaves is influenced by the age and position of the leaves, mineral nutrition, temperature, relative humidity, genotype and others. With the development of sustainable systems, cover crops are recognized as factors in providing nitrogen to the main crop, and therefore crops that favorably affect the chlorophyll content in the leaves. During 2014/2015. and 2015/2016. year (factor A), an experiment was conducted, set up according to a split-plot design on the experimental field of the Maize Institute "Zemun Polje". It is grown as the main crop sweet corn hybrid ZPSC 421su (FAO 400). The control variant was included in the trial, and as cover crops (factor B) the following were grown: common vetch, winter oats, winter fodder kale, winter fodder peas and mixtures of winter fodder peas + winter oats and common vetch + winter oats, with the application of microbiological fertilizer (factor C). The aim of the work is to examine the chlorophyll content in the leaves of sweet corn grown with cover crops. Chlorophyll content was measured using a SPAD device (Infraneo, Chopin Technologies, France) on three plants per replication, from three sites on cob leaves. The interaction of the factor year x cover crop, as well as the individual effect of the factor cover crop, had a statistically significant impact. The best effect was achieved with winter fodder peas in the second year without the application of microbiological fertilizer (45.16 Spad units) and with its application (40.29 Spad units) compared to the control variant