Mutu fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) hasil tangkapan di Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah: Physicochemical and microbiological quality of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) caught in Rembang District, Central Java

Abstract

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a fishery commodity that is the mainstay of Indonesian exports. Generally, exporters export crab as frozen, peeled, boiled meat, which is perishable. Considering the high potential of crab catching and the utilization of crab meat as an export commodity, it is necessary to research to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of crab caught in Rembang Regency, Central Java. The samples used were frozen fresh crab, frozen boiled, and peeled boiled meat by fishing households and miniplants. The analyses performed were yield, protein content, amino acid profile, TVB-N, microbial contamination, and heavy metals. The results showed a yield of 28.36-42.34%, protein content of 17.98±0.64 and 21.24±1.47% (b/w), total lysine 1.79-1.87%, glutamic acid 4.05-4.78% (b/w), hardness 22.145-38.096 N, and cohesiveness 0.476-0.638. TVB-N values of crab (fresh and boiled) and crab meat ranged from 9.51±1.67 to 54.68±0.00 mg N/100 g sample. There was no Salmonella (negative), Escherichia coli <0.3 APM/100 g sample, and ALT 6.15×108 CFU/g sample. Heavy metal contamination of crab meat was Pb 0.12±0.09 mg/kg sample, Cd 0.15±0.12 mg/kg sample, and Hg 1.48±0.71 mg/kg sample. Captured blue swimming crab in Rembang Regency has good quality. The heavy metal Hg found in peeled crab meat in miniplants was above the permissible threshold, requiring further testing.Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan komoditas perikanan yang menjadi andalan ekspor Indonesia, umumnya dalam bentuk daging rebus kupas beku dan bersifat mudah rusak. Tingginya potensi penangkapan dan pemanfaatan daging rajungan, maka tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan mutu fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi rajungan hasil tangkapan di Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel yang digunakan adalah rajungan segar beku, rebus beku, dan daging rebus yang dikupas oleh rumah tangga nelayan dan miniplants. Analisis yang dilakukan, yaitu yield, kadar protein, profil asam amino, TVB-N, cemaran mikrob, dan logam berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yield 28,36-42,34%, kadar protein 17,98±0,64 dan 21,24±1,47% (bb), jumlah lisina 1,79-1,87%, asam glutamat 4,05-4,78% (b/b), hardness 22,145-38,096 N, dan cohesiveness 0,476-0,638. Nilai TVB-N rajungan (segar dan rebus) dan daging rajungan antara 9,51±1,67-54,68±0,00 mg N/100 g sampel. Daging rajungan tidak ditemukan Salmonella (negatif), Escherichia coli < 0,3 APM/100 g sampel, dan ALT 6,15×108 CFU/g sampel. Cemaran logam berat daging rajungan, yaitu Pb 0,12±0,09 mg/kg sampel, Cd 0,15±0,12 mg/kg sampel, dan Hg 1,48±0,71 mg/kg sampel. Rajungan hasil tangkapan di Kabupaten Rembang memiliki kualitas yang baik. Logam berat Hg yang ditemukan pada daging rajungan kupas di miniplants berada di atas ambang batas yang diizinkan, masih harus memerlukan pengujian lebih lanjut