The APEV Scale: A Measure of Annual Performance of an Export Venture

Annual company reports and financial statements rarely distinguish between the domestic and export markets operations, and even more rarely provide annual financial indicators on specific export ventures performance. This situation is a major obstacle to the development of export marketing practice and theory. To overcome this state of affairs the authors develop and test a new measure for assessing the annual performance of an export venture (the APEV scale) as perceived by managers. The new measure has five dimensions: 1) annual export ventures financial performance; 2) annual export ventures strategic performance; 3) annual export ventures achievement; 4) contribution of the export venture to annual exporting operations; and 5) satisfaction with annual export ventures performance. Findings are used to generate managerial implications and directions for future research.APEV; STEP; EXPERF; Export Venture Performance; Export Marketing

United States Nuclear Export Controls

This article will explore the U.S. nuclear export controls regime. It will initially discuss controls affecting the export of nuclear material, facilities, and specially designed components of nuclear facilities. This section will specifically consider export licensing procedures and requirements, agreements for nuclear cooperation, the specific export criteria for major nuclear cooperation, as well as the necessary policy determination. Then the Article will discuss the procedures and requirements for obtaining a license to export dual-use equipment, the authorization necessary for the export of nuclear technology and the subsequent arrangement process, which further aids in the implementation of U.S. non-proliferation policies

An examination of the relationship between firm size and export activity in the New Zealand lumber industry : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies, Massey University

This thesis explores the relationship between export activity and firm size, with specific reference to New Zealands lumber industry. The main purpose of this investigation is to identify firm characteristics which link firm size to export behavior. This task basically involves exploring the literature to identify possible linking variables and.conducting tests to determine whether or not these characteristics actually link export activity and firm size in New Zealand's lumber industry. · Two major areas of research were drawn upon to produce the hypotheses of this study: determinants of export activity and firm size-related variables in the lumber industry. The former body of literature is well-defined and very extensive. A great deal of empirical research has been done on firm-level export behavior (though unfortunately very little theoretical study has been done to link export behavior back to microeconomics. The second area of research is not very well­ defined. Inferences on the relationship between various characteristics and firm size are drawn from the literature on lumber production in New Zealand. These inferences are supplemented by scattered pieces of research on the linkage between firm size and firm characteristics, as well as by sensible guesses as to how certain characteristics are associated with firm size. Using these two areas of research, hypotheses were drawn as to how firm size and export activity are linked. Based upon these two areas of study then, nine characteristics were identified as possible links between firm size and export activity: proximity to a city, product quality, production cost, legal structure, foreign ownership, managerial experience and education, marketing skill, export­ related information, and managerial attitudes and ambition. It was decided to test these hypotheses by conducting a survey of New Zealand's lumber industry. This particular industry was selected because it was felt that a greater understanding of the export dynamics of this sector would assist policymakers in stimulating New Zealand's economy. In all, 26 lumber mills (out of 40 that were contacted) agreed to participate in the survey. On the whole, it was found that some characteristics do link firm size to export activity. Specifically, legal structure, managerial experience and education, and managerial attitudes and ambition were found to be significantly related to both export activity and firm size. These results suggest that firm size can be indirectly linked to export activity. However, researchers should be aware that the nature of this link could possibly vary with industry, place and time. Hence, using firm size as a predictor of export activity should be avoided until more research is conducted

The Current State and the Prospects of Innovative Development of Export-Organized Ukrainian Industrial Enterprises

The purpose of the article is to study the current state and the prospects of innovative development of export-oriented industrial enterprises of Lviv region and of Ukraine on the basis of modern theory and practice in the field of economics and enterprise management. It is established that the innovative activity of Ukrainian industrial enterprises is at a rather low level with the prospect of further reduction. The key obstacles and difficulties arising on the way of innovative development of Ukrainian export-oriented industrial enterprises are highlighted. The ways of solving the problems of innovative development of export-oriented industrial enterprises in Ukraine are offered. The prospect of further research in this area is the study of key aspects of the development of export-oriented industrial enterprises with the prospect of development and increases their export potential.The purpose of the article is to study the current state and the prospects of innovative development of export-oriented industrial enterprises of Lviv region and of Ukraine on the basis of modern theory and practice in the field of economics and enterprise management. It is established that the innovative activity of Ukrainian industrial enterprises is at a rather low level with the prospect of further reduction. The key obstacles and difficulties arising on the way of innovative development of Ukrainian export-oriented industrial enterprises are highlighted. The ways of solving the problems of innovative development of export-oriented industrial enterprises in Ukraine are offered. The prospect of further research in this area is the study of key aspects of the development of export-oriented industrial enterprises with the prospect of development and increases their export potential

Private manufacturing SMEs survival and growth in Vietnam: The role of export participation

This study investigates for the first time a linkage between export participation and firm performance in terms of survival and profit growth in Vietnam. Using an unbalanced panel dataset from 2005 to 2009, our study shows no difference in the survival probability between exporters and non-exporters. By digging deeper to export status at different stages, the results indicate that continuous exporters have a positive association with probability of survival whereas export stoppers indicate a negative relationship. In terms of the relationship between firm growth and export activity, using Average Treatment Effects (OLS), export status is not related to firm profit growth. However, the Quantile Treatment Effects estimates reveal that export participation is positively and statistically significant associated with firms having profit growth above the median. The above findings might imply that exporting promoting policies, coupled with policies maintaining positions of firms in export market could be helpful since this may help firms improve their survival probability and profit growth

Impact Of The Manufacturing Sector On The Export Competitiveness Of European Countries – A Spatial Panel Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to determine how changes in the export competitiveness of the EU economy (measured by exports and net exports) depend on changes in the competitiveness of processing industries, on the basis of manufacturing data from 19 EU countries over years 1995-2009 and using a spatial panel data model. The determinants of export competitiveness are selected in the light of predictions from international trade theory, growth theory and the theory of innovation. In particular, the paper explores how the size of foreign demand, the value of domestic demand, the level of ULC in the sector, the degree of openness of the sector to foreign markets, labour productivity and intermediate consumption in a sector affect the export competitiveness of the European economies selected. The results from spatial data models lead to a conclusion about the statistical significance of spatial dependencies in export competitiveness modelling. The analysis indicates the different determinants of export competitiveness, both if it is measured by export value and if it measured by net exports. The authors hope that the results will be a voice in the discussion on enhancing the competitiveness of European industrial sector

The Entrepreneurial State Goes to Europe

This article investigates state-level export programs in response to the emerging new economic and political regime of Europe 1992. Little related export promotion activity is found, even in states reputed to have the most active entrepreneurial policies. The authors conclude that states have few resources to invest in export promotion and are inappropriate jurisdictions around which to organize such policy, despite the much touted entrepreneurial state

Exports of Livestock Products from India: Performance, Competitiveness and Determinants

The paper has examined temporal changes in the composition of livestock exports, assessed the export competitiveness of different livestock products and analysed the factors affecting the growth of livestock export. The performance of livestock export has been found noteworthy. The liberalization policy initiated in 1991 seems to have improved the performance of livestock exports. The study has revealed that India is competitive in export of meat products, except poultry. The export of buffalo meat has been increasing consistently and the poor domestic demand has further fuelled its export. But, the export of mutton does not seem to have much prospects in the short-run, as even the domestic demand is not being met by domestic production. In milk and milk products, India has some advantage at the farm level, but is not competitive in export of milk and milk products under the prevailing world market situation. The domestic policy initiatives and increased production and productivity have been identified as the important factors in increasing the export of livestock products. The study has suggested that strengthening of export supply capacity domestically holds the key for enhancing export of livestock products rather than expanding world market.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Foreign Direct Investment and Export Spillovers: How Do Export Platforms Fare?

Should economies that promote themselves as export platforms for FDI be expected to experience relatively high levels of export spillovers from foreign to host-country enterprises? To investigate how export decisions of host-country enterprises are associated with the presence and export intensity of foreign-owned enterprises (FOEs) in an export-platform economy we use enterprise-level data for the manufacturing sector in Ireland. We postulate that export spillovers from FOEs are dependent upon the sectoral presence and export intensity of FOEs, so that third country export-platform FDI may not result in positive export spillovers to host-country enterprises. We find that the decision by host-country enterprises to enter the export market is positively associated with the presence of FOEs in their sector. However, the export intensity of host-country enterprises is negatively associated with the export sales ratios of FOEs, a result that contrasts with evidence of positive FOE export intensity spillovers in most previous empirical studies. Classification-FDI, export spillovers, export platforms.