The development of Non-Cognitive Qualities Scale of middle school students

Abstract

The present study aimed to develop a comprehensive and component-specific scale to assess "non-cognitive qualities," especially those relating to "learning motivation and personal character," which are considered essential in the context of school education. Additionally, the research sought to clarify how these non-cognitive qualities develop over the course of middle school education. The study was conducted with 294 students from the 1st to 3rd grades of a public middle school, utilizing the "Non-Cognitive Qualities Scale" and a "Learning and School Life Survey." As a result of the analysis, ten factors were initially yielded as elements of non-cognitive qualities. However, based on item content, eight factors were ultimately identified as valid indicators. Among these, "self-regulated learning skills" "collaborative skills" "peer relationships" "self-esteem" "authenticity" and "intrinsic motivation" appeared to be cultivated through positive school experiences and instructional strategies employed by teachers. In contrast, "perseverance" and "future-oriented goals" emerged as traits that may not demonstrate immediate impact from teachers' methods alone, indicating a need for a longer-term developmental approach.departmental bulletin pape