Determinants of Financial Distress in Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange: IPB University

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan perusahaan properti dan real estate sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Selanjutnya adalah menganalisis financial distress dengan menggunakan metode perhitungan Zmijewski dan menganalisis faktor-faktor terjadinya financial distress. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2022. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling, sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 15 perusahaan dalam 5 tahun, sehingga diperoleh 300 observasi. Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan, dan untuk menganalisis financial distress Zmijewski menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pandemi terdapat 15 perusahaan dalam kondisi sehat, namun pada saat pandemi terdapat satu perusahaan yang mengalami financial distress yaitu MDLN, dan berdasarkan arah tren financial distress terdapat tiga kelompok perusahaan yang cenderung memburuk, membaik, dan stagnan. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa rasio profitabilitas (ROE), rasio likuiditas (CR), dan rasio leverage (DER) memiliki nilai yang signifikan dalam memprediksi financial distress, sedangkan rasio aktivitas (TATO), pertumbuhan penjualan, tingkat suku bunga (IR), dan nilai tukar (ER) tidak memiliki nilai yang signifikan. Tren financial distress (yang memburuk, membaik dan stagnan), dapat digunakan oleh perusahaan atau investor sebagai early warning system dalam memprediksi financial distress pada perusahaan properti dan real estate.The purpose of this study is to analyze financial performance of property and real estate companies before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Next is to analyze financial distress by using the Zmijewski calculation methods and to analyze the factors of financial distress. The populations in this study are property and real estate companies listed on the IDX in year 2018 to 2022. Based on purposive sampling methods, samples obtained are 15 companies in 5 years, so obtained 300 observations. The descriptive methods are used to analyze financial performance, and to analyze Zmijewski’s financial distress using the panel data regression. The result of descriptive analysis show that before the pandemic there were 15 companies in a healthy condition but during the pandemic there was one company experiencing financial distress namely MDLN, and based on the direction of financial distress trends, there are three groups of companies that tend to worsen, improve, and stagnate. The results of data panel regression showed that profitability ratio (ROE), liquidity ratio (CR), and leverage ratio (DER) have a significant value to predict financial distress, whilst activity ratio (TATO), sales growth, interest rate (IR) and exchange rate (ER) which not significant. The trend of financial distress (that are worsening, improving and stagnant), can be used by companies or investors as an early warning system in predicting financial distress in property and real estate companies

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JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN

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Last time updated on 12/02/2025

This paper was published in JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN.

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