Analysis of non-uniform grid-forming control techniques for the HVDC connection of renewable energy

Abstract

[EN] Grid-forming control techniques are required to achieve a high penetration of power electronics- based renewable energy sources for decarbonized electric systems. However, different grid- forming control strategies can operate in the same grid, and grid stability shall be warranted. This paper analyses the use of different grid-forming control strategies for diode rectifier-based wind power plants. The analysed grid-forming controllers are the well-known droop control, an advanced droop control, and the virtual synchronous machine control. The controllers' analysis validates the three grid-forming controllers' interoperability, identifying each control parameter's contribution to the stability of each system state variable. Furthermore, the analysis allows a better tuning of the control parameters. Additionally, a fault-ride-through strategy that improves the system restoration after faults is proposed and validated. The proposed fault-ride-through strategy achieves a soft restoration of the active power.Authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Spanish Research Agency through grant PID2020-112943RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, grant PDC2021-121077-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, grant PRE2021-100779 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ESF Investing in your future", the support of Generalitat Valenciana through grant CIAICO/2021/340, and grant INVEST/2022/439 funded by Generalitat Valenciana and the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR.Beneit-Barajas, A.; Penadés-Huesca, P.; Martínez-Turégano, J. (2025). Analysis of non-uniform grid-forming control techniques for the HVDC connection of renewable energy. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2024.09.01422