Efektivitas Daun dan Buah Pinus merkusii sebagai Bahan Pengawet Anti Jamur Auricularia auricula-judae: Effectiveness of Pinus Merkusii Leaves and Fruits as Antifungal Preservative Auricularia auricula-judae

Abstract

Chemicals such as chromium, arsenic, and kreosot which are carcinogenic and toxic which are harmful to health and the environment are generally used in wood preservatives. Thus, natural preservatives from plant extracts need to be developed to replace these synthetic preservatives. Pine leaves and nuts are known to contain phenolic compounds in which these compounds are known to inhibit the cycle and development of fungi. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of powdered leaves and pine nuts (P. merkusii) against rotting fungus Auricularia auricula-judae. This research method uses testing for water content, the extract is made by means of fruit and leaf powder each as much as 150 g is put into a beaker containing 900 ml of methanol solution with a ratio of 1:6 powder and methanol solvent, soaked for ± 3x24 hours, filtered until the filtrate is clear, and evaporated with a rotary vacuum evaporator. After that, the extract was evaporated again in a water bath at 45°C for 48 hours to dry. The yield is then weighed and calculated. Preparation of leaf and fruit powder concentrations. At concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The efficacy test of P. merkusii leaf and fruit powder against rot fungi consisted of five treatments, with 45 petri dishes as samples and each treatment consisted of five replications. The results of the research that had been carried out obtained an AFA value of 100% indicating that the powdered leaves and fruit of P. merkusii had antifungal activity which was included in the very strong classification. At a concentration of 25% powdered leaves and pine nuts can already inhibit the growth of the fungus Auricularia auricula-judae.Bahan kimia seperti kromium, arsenik, dan kreosot yang bersifat karsinogenik dan beracun yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan umumnya digunakan dalam bahan pengawet kayu mulai dibatasi penggunaannya. Dengan demikian, bahan pengawet alami dari ekstrak tanaman perlu dikembangkan untuk menggantikan bahan pengawet sintetis tersebut. Daun dan buah pinus diketahui mengandung senyawa fenol di mana senyawa ini diketahui mampu menghambat siklus dan perkembangan jamur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis khasiat serbuk daun dan buah pinus (P. merkusii) terhadap jamur busuk Auricularia auricula-judae. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian kadar air, pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan cara serbuk buah dan daun masing-masing sebanyak 150 g dimasukkan ke dalam gelas kimia berisi 900 ml larutan metanol dengan perbandingan 1:6 serbuk dan pelarut metanol, direndam selama ±3x24 jam, disaring hingga filtrat jernih, dan diuapkan dengan rotary vacuum evaporator. Setelah itu, ekstrak diuapkan kembali dalam waterbath bersuhu 45°C selama 48 jam hingga kering. Rendemen kemudian ditimbang dan dihitung. Pembuatan konsentrasi serbuk daun dan buah. Pada konsentrasi 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm dan 100 ppm. Pengujian efikasi serbuk daun dan buah P. merkusii terhadap jamur pelapuk terdiri atas lima perlakuan, dengan 45 cawan petri sebagai sampel dan setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima ulangan. Hasil Penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh Nilai AFA 100 % menunjukkan bahwa serbuk daun dan buah P. merkusii memiliki aktivitas antijamur yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi sangat kuat. Pada konsentrasi 25% serbuk daun dan buah pinus sudah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Auricularia auricula-judae