NUTRITION OF SPECIFIC GROUPS (ATHLETES)

Abstract

Prehrana je jedan od osnovnih čimbenika uspješnosti sportske karijere te je također značajna za unapređenje i održavanje mentalnog i fizičkog zdravlja, postizanje ljepšeg izgleda te veće sposobnosti za svladavanje dnevnih napora. Isto kao što su potrebe za hranjivim tvarima različite od osobe do osobe, isto se tako razlikuju i po tipu sportske aktivnosti. Trijas sportašice (eng.female athlete triad) pojam je koji je još 1992. uvelo Američko društvo za sportsku medicinu (ACSM), a odnose se na međusobnu povezanost poremećaja hranjenja, amenoreje i osteoporoze u sportašica koje nastupaju u sportovima koji zahtijevaju vitku građu tijela. Prelazak na vegetarijanski način prehrane čest je u sportovima u kojima je nužan sastav tijela sa što manje masnog tkiva. Zbog te povezanosti, treneri i zdravstveni profesionalci moraju biti na oprezu prilikom prelaska sportaša na vegetarijanski način prehrane. Za sportaša koji pokušava biti na svom vrhuncu i fizički i kognitivno, pravilna prehrana i inzulinska disciplina, ključ su za visoku razinu izvedbe kod sportaša s dijabetesom TIP-a 1. Dnevne makronutritivne preporuke vrlo su slične kod dijabetičara tipa 1 u usporedbi s onima koji nemaju tu bolest. Pravilna ishrana je od vitalnog značaja za djecu i adolescentne sportaše kako bi se postigao pravilan rast i optimalno bavljenje sportom. Vojnici imaju iznadprosječnu tjelesnu spremnost i redovito su podvrgnuti trenažnim zahtjevima pa im je također potrebna adekvatna opskrba hranjivim tvarima za optimalan trening.Nutrition is one of the basic factors of the success of sports careers and is also important for improving and maintaining mental and physical health, achieving better look and greater ability to overcome daily efforts. Just as the needs for nutrients are different from person to person, they also differ in the type of sports activities. Female athlete triad is a term that has been introduced by the American Society for Sports Medicine (ACSM) in 1992, relating to the interconnectedness of nutritional disorders, amenorrhea and osteoporosis in athletes who do sports that require a slim body composition. Switching to a vegetarian diet is common in sports where body composition is needed with as little fat as possible. Because of this connection, coaches and health professionals need to be careful when switching athletes to vegetarian diets. For athletes with diabetes TYPE 1, who are trying to be at their peak, both physically and cognitively, proper nutrition and insulin discipline, are crucial to a high level of performance. Daily macronutrient recommendations are very similar to type 1 diabetics compared to those who do not have this disease.Proper nutrition is of vital importance for children and adolescent athletes in order to achieve proper growth and optimal sport results.Soldiers have above-average physical fitness and are regularly subjected to training requirements and they also need adequate nutrition for optimal training