Solid
acid/base catalysis in sub- and supercritical water (Sub&SCW)
is a promising method to control organic reactions such as biomass
conversions to chemicals and fuels, organic synthetic reactions, and
degradation reactions. Synergistically using the unique characteristics
of Sub&SCW and the catalytic properties of solid acid/base compounds,
high reaction rates and/or high product selectivity can be achieved.
This Review provides an overview of the use of solid acid/base catalysts
for Sub&SCW reactions. Recent progress in the elucidation of the
acid/base catalytic properties of solid catalysts in Sub&SCW and
the effect of water properties on the catalysis is introduced. In
addition, the application of solid acid/base catalysts in several
research fields and the stability of these catalysts during reactions
is discussed
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