Investigation into the nitrate removal efficiency and microbial communities in a sequencing batch reactor treating reverse osmosis concentrate produced by a coking wastewater treatment plant

Abstract

<p>In this study, a biological denitrifying process using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was employed to treat reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate with high conductivity produced from a coking wastewater plant. From the results, the average removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and nitrate were 79.5%, 90.5%, and 93.1%, respectively. Different microbial communities were identified after sequencing the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq platform, and the major bacterial phyla in the SBR system were <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. The main microorganisms responsible for denitrification were from the genera <i>Hyphomicrobium, Thauera, Methyloversatilis</i>, and <i>Rhodobacter</i>. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify the absolute levels of denitrifying genes, including <i>narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ</i>, during the start-up and stable operation of the SBR. The abundances of <i>narG, nirK</i>, and <i>nosZ</i> were lower during stable operation than those in the start-up period. The abundance of <i>nirS</i> at a concentration of 10⁴–10⁵ copies/ng in DNA was much higher than that of <i>nirK</i>, making it the dominant functional gene responsible for nitrite reduction. The higher nitrate removal efficiency suggests that biological denitrification using SBR is an effective technique for treating RO concentrate produced from coking wastewater plants.</p