We
present a technique to precisely measure the surface energies
between two-dimensional materials and substrates that is simple to
implement and allows exploration of spatial and chemical control of
adhesion at the nanoscale. As an example, we characterize the delamination
of single-layer graphene from monolayers of pyrene tethered to glass
in water and maximize the work of separation between these surfaces
by varying the density of pyrene groups in the monolayer. Control
of this energy scale enables high-fidelity graphene-transfer protocols
that can resist failure under sonication. Additionally, we find that
the work required for graphene peeling and readhesion exhibits a dramatic
rate-independent hysteresis, differing by a factor of 100. This work
establishes a rational means to control the adhesion of 2D materials
and enables a systematic approach to engineer stimuli-responsive adhesives
and mechanical technologies at the nanoscale
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