<Symposium>Initiatives in Kamikatsu Town: “Leaf Business, ” “Zero Waste, ” and “Regional Revitalization”

特集: 財政研2024夏合宿「徳島県上勝町の取り組み

Single tin-vacancy center in nanoscale diamond

Group-IV color centers in diamonds are promising not only as spin–photon interfaces for quantum networks but also as multicolor photoluminescence probes and all-optical temperature sensors for biological research. Therefore, generating group-IV color centers in detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs), the smallest class of diamond nanocrystals, has become a research focal point. This approach holds potential for the noninvasive introduction of diamond sensors into living cell organelles, enabling sensing of local structural and temperature changes with minimal disturbance. Following the successful generation of silicon- and germanium-vacancy centers in DNDs, the generation of tin-vacancy (SnV) centers was investigated. Similar to other group-IV color centers, the SnV centers exhibit strong photoluminescence. In addition, the SnV center offers a long spin coherence time compared with those of silicon- and germanium-vacancy centers. However, the strain induced by large Sn atoms poses substantial challenges for generating SnV centers in ultrasmall nanodiamonds. In this study, Sn-doped DNDs with a mean particle size of ~ 5 nm were subjected to a 3 days boiling acid treatment, which led to sharp zero-phonon lines of SnV centers at ~ 620 nm in the photoluminescence spectra. Photon autocorrelation measurements further revealed the presence of single SnV centers in these DNDs

Multiport combined endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approach to orbital schwannoma

Background: We present a case report describing the use of combined endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approach (EETOA) for intraorbital schwannoma that grew rapidly during pregnancy. Case Description: A 27-year-old woman who presented with headache was incidentally diagnosed with a tumor mass 1 cm in diameter near the right superior orbital fissure. Treatment of the tumor was deferred to follow-up. One month later, the patient became pregnant, and in the last trimester, she developed right abducens palsy and mildly dilated pupil. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the tumor mass had grown rapidly with a maximal diameter of 5 cm and had extended into the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. After spontaneous vaginal delivery, EETOA was planned to remove both the intraorbital region and cavernous sinus compartment to avoid craniotomy. Surgical resection began with an endoscopic endonasal approach. Orbital decompression was performed by removing the lamina papyracea, and the tumor was resected in the lateral cavernous sinus compartment. An eyebrow incision was made, and endoscopic transorbital surgery was performed to remove the intraorbital region. Multi-perspective views during EETOA enabled gross total resection of the tumor and confirmed by intraoperative MRI. The pathological diagnosis was schwannoma. The patient’s abducens nerve palsy improved after surgery. Conclusion: EETOA can offer maximal exposure and resection for tumors extending from the cavernous sinus to the orbit without craniotomy in selected cases

First-order SPICE modeling of SiC p- and n-channel side-gate JFETs toward high-temperature complementary JFET ICs

A device model of silicon carbide (SiC) p- and n-channel junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) applicable in a high-temperature range was constructed, and the validity of the model was evaluated in Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulations. The constructed device model well reproduced the electrical characteristics of the JFETs fabricated in our previous study over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 573 K. Furthermore, the static and dynamic characteristics of a SiC complementary JFET inverter were simulated with the constructed device model, and the temperature dependence of the logic threshold voltage showed good agreement, where the differences between the measurements and calculations were as small as 0.05 V

Regional and Temporal Variability of Atmospheric Conditions along the Meiyu-Baiu Front

East Asia experiences a distinctive summer rainfall period, referred to as Meiyu in China and Baiu in Japan. The precipitation during the Meiyu-Baiu season is a critical component of summer rainfall, significantly impacting agriculture and economic development. While both Southeast China (SEC) and Japan (JPN) encounter the Meiyu-Baiu season from June to July, the structure of the Meiyu-Baiu front (MBF) differs between these regions. Utilizing daily ERA5 reanalysis data and a method that defines the MBF based on equivalent potential temperature, we analyzed precipitation patterns and atmospheric conditions during the East Asian monsoon season. The MBF demonstrates a distinct northward progression in SEC from early June to late July, whereas in JPN, the front moves northward from early June to mid-July, stagnating thereafter. Meiyu-Baiu precipitation correlates strongly with the position of the MBF during early June to mid-July, with two major precipitation centers identified in both SEC and JPN. Atmospheric conditions associated with the MBF exhibit clear regional and temporal variability. Compared to JPN, SEC features a stronger meridional humidity gradient, more pronounced upward motion, and a smaller meridional temperature gradient on the southern side of the MBF

NinjaSat: Astronomical X-ray CubeSat observatory

キューブサットX線衛星NinjaSatによる宇宙観測の革新 --決まった時間間隔で爆発を起こす奇妙な中性子星の長期観測-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-05-29.NinjaSat is an X-ray CubeSat designed for agile, long-term continuous observations of bright X-ray sources, with the size of 6U (112.7 × 237.1 × 340.5 mm³) and a mass of 8 kg. NinjaSat is capable of pointing at X-ray sources with an accuracy of less than 0゚゚.1 (2σ confidence level) with three-axis attitude control. The satellite bus is a commercially available NanoAvionics M6P, equipped with two non-imaging gas X-ray detectors covering an energy range of 2–50 keV. A total effective area of 32 cm² at 6 keV is capable of observing X-ray sources with a flux of approximately10⁻¹⁰ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹. The arrival time of each photon can be tagged with a time resolution of 61μs. The two radiation belt monitors continuously measure the fluxes of protons above 5 MeV and electrons above 200 keV trapped in the geomagnetic field, alerting the X-ray detectors when the flux exceeds a threshold. The NinjaSat project started in 2020. Fabrication of the scientific payloads was completed in 2022 August, and satellite integration and tests were completed in 2023 July. NinjaSat was launched into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of about 530 km on 2023 November 11 by the SpaceX Transporter-9 mission. After about three months of satellite commissioning and payload verification, we observed the Crab Nebula on 2024 February 9 and successfully detected the 33.8262 ms pulsation from the neutron star. With this observation, NinjaSat met the minimum success criterion and stepped forward to scientific observations as initially planned. By the end of 2024 November, we successfully observed 21 X-ray sources using NinjaSat. This achievement demonstrates that, with careful target selection, we can conduct scientific observations effectively using CubeSats, contributing to time-domain astronomy

Cultural Differences in Behavioral Regulation Under the Collective Threat of COVID-19: More Adjustment in Japan and More Influence in the United States

COVID-19下での行動制御の日米文化差 --日本は「調整」、米国は「影響」方略が優位-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-05-26.Historical collective threats, such as national disaster or pathogen pandemics, have been highlighted as a key factor driving the evolution of cultural differences. However, little research has investigated how these culture-threat links are reflected in specific psychological and behavioral tendencies. Additionally, although it is commonly argued that behavioral regulation strategies generally differ between cultures – with East Asians generally preferring to adjust themselves to fit situations and European Americans generally preferring to influence situations to fit themselves – they have scarcely been examined beyond the context of daily life. We tested whether these general findings on behavioral tendencies could be extended to the collective threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted two online surveys between August and December 2020 (n = 1240 and 823, respectively) in Japan and the United States, and found that, compared to European Americans, Japanese participants perceived higher levels of both normative and actual adjustment for both themselves and others. Furthermore, European Americans reported that actors in their daily lives (friends, subordinates, superiors, and local governments) other than the national government had influenced people's behavior significantly more than Japanese did. Finally, European Americans reported that they were more likely than Japanese participants to use influence strategies in response to encountering someone not wearing a mask on the train

クローン性増殖に起因する菌血症由来多剤耐性Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisilmilis株の増加、日本・京滋地域における2005～2021年の検討

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第25866号医博第5151号京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 西浦 博, 教授 大鶴 繁, 教授 山崎 渉学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA