Detection of environmental DNA of the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Diptera: Tephritidae), from immature mandarin orange fruits

Early detection of insect pest outbreaks is critical for effective pest control. However, this is challenging, especially for pest species such as the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake) (Diptera: Tephritidae), whose larvae grow inside fruits. B. tsuneonis is a univoltine citrus pest, with females laying their eggs directly into the fruits during summer, and larvae develop inside the fruits until pupation in early winter. To monitor B. tsuneonis outbreaks, we developed and validated methods for the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) in immature fruits collected during summer using quantitative real-time PCR. eDNA samples were prepared from individual fruits with oviposition pinholes left by gravid females during ovipositor probing and oviposition. By immersing the fruits in distilled water for 1 h to extract eDNA, B. tsuneonis eDNA was detected in 20% of the fruits. In addition, B. tsuneonis eDNA was detected in a fruit without oviposition pinholes, albeit at a low rate, suggesting that residual eDNA on fruit surfaces during mating and searching for oviposition sites can be detected. While there remains a possibility of cross-contamination between infected and uninfected fruits due to the lack of negative controls during eDNA extraction, we conducted preliminary field examination in several orchards where B. tsuneonis was either visually observed or not. B. tsuneonis eDNA was detected even at a location where adults were not observed visually, but were captured using plastic-tub traps, indicating a low population density. Thus, our method has practical applicability in various areas, regardless of B. tsuneonis population density

A Doubly -α Linked N-Confused Porphyrin Tape Silver(III) Complex Comprising an Antiaromatic Pyrrolo[2,3-]indole Segment

The free base form of doubly -α linked N-confused porphyrin (NCP) tape 3 was successfully synthesized via Ir(I) mediated intramolecular coupling. The following silver complexation afforded the Ag(III) complex of doubly -α linked NCP tape 4. While 3 exhibited 38π aromatic characters, 4 exhibited not only 18π aromatic NCP-type characteristics but also a decent antiaromatic contribution of 12π pyrrolo[2,3-]indole segment, as probed by NMR spectra, absorption spectra, and DFT calculations

資本制経済の変形可能性：市場の構造分析の観点から

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(人間・環境学)甲第26100号人博第1178号京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻(主査)教授 大黒 弘慈, 准教授 柴山 桂太, 准教授 小林 哲也, 田中 英明学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityDGA

ベトナムにおける低炭素エネルギーへの移行におけるバリア分析

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(経済学)甲第25769号経博第705号京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻(主査)教授 諸富 徹, 教授 三重野 文晴, 教授 竹内 憲司学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of EconomicsKyoto UniversityDFA

ラジカルの安定化効果を活用した複雑かつ嵩高い分子合成法の開発

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(薬科学)甲第25930号薬科博第196号京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻(主査)教授 大宮 寛久, 教授 高須 清誠, 教授 竹本 佳司学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversityDFA

有機触媒による脱芳香族化反応と金属触媒によるC－H官能基化を用いた環状化合物の不斉合成に関する研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第26022号工博第5387号京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻(主査)教授 中尾 佳亮, 教授 大江 浩一, 教授 杉野目 道紀学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Exploring the roles of airway dipeptidyl peptidase 1 in obstructive airway disease

BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) exacerbates airway neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis, which is characterised by airway dysfunction and dilation and chronic bacterial infection. However, little is known about the pathogenetic roles of DPP1 in obstructive airway diseases, including COPD, asthma and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Here, we tested the hypothesis that airway DPP1 could enhance neutrophilic inflammation and affect mucus plugging, airway dilation and the airway microbiome in patients with these diseases. METHODS: Sputum DPP1, cell differential count and microbiome were cross-sectionally evaluated in patients with COPD, asthma with airflow limitation and ACO. Sputum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was measured to estimate airway epithelial damage. Chest computed tomography was also performed to visually assess mucus plugs and airway dilation with the Reiff score and quantify the total airway count and wall area percentage. RESULTS: 68 patients were classified into high-DPP1/high-neutrophil (n=17), low-DPP1/high-neutrophil (n=37) and low-neutrophil (n=14) groups based on sputum DPP1 levels and neutrophil percentages. The rate of mucus plugging and the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes were significantly lower and the level of sputum HMGB1 was significantly greater in the high-DPP1/high-neutrophil group than in the low-DPP1/high-neutrophil group. Moreover, airway dilation without mucus plugging was observed only in the high-DPP1/high-neutrophil group (prevalence 29%). CONCLUSIONS: High sputum DPP1 levels may reduce colonisation by the phylum Firmicutes and mucus plugging, but increase airway epithelial damage, which could induce airway dilation without mucus plugging in patients with obstructive airway disease with neutrophilic inflammation

<Research Reports>Development of Optically Pumped Magnetometers and Application to Magnetoencephalography

The application of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) to magnetoencephalography (MEG) has been actively studied in recent years. MEG is a non-invasive technique for measuring neural activity in the brain, and due to the recent helium shortage, OPM sensors are being explored as an alternative to conventional SQUID sensors. This paper discusses the principles and performance evaluation of SERF OPMs and scalar-mode OPMs, as well as their application to visually evoked magnetic field measurements

Multi-material topology optimization based on finite strain subloading surface nonlocal elastoplasticity

This study is dedicated to the multi-material topology optimization formulation (MMTO) for finite strain nonlocal elastoplasticity. The subloading surface model is newly incorporated into the primal problem to achieve the gradual change of the deformation process from pure elastic to material-specific plastic hardening. The stress–strain relationship of the model is a smooth continuous function, which is beneficial for elastoplastic topology optimization since the resulting continuous tangent is used in the adjoint problem to determine the sensitivity. Also, the nonlocal plastic modeling is introduced to resolve mesh-dependency issues in the evolution of plastic deformation. In addition, in order to maintain computational stability and to avoid unrealistic plastic deformation occurring in voids (ersatz material), the concept of interpolating energy densities is introduced, by which linearly elastic material is chosen to represent voids. The continuous adjoint method is employed to derive the governing equations and sensitivity of the adjoint problem, and the resulting equations are valid at any position, boundary, or time in the continuum without relying on any discretization. An arbitrary number of design variables can be considered for multiple materials in the optimization problem, and by referring to the derived sensitivity, the multiple reaction–diffusion equations are solved to update the material distribution and configuration. The first numerical example demonstrates the “oscillation of deformation states” caused by the conventional plastic model and shows how the subloading surface model effectively resolves this issue, achieving stable optimization processes. Also, the second example presents the unconventional deformation magnitude-dependent stiffness maximization problems with multiple materials, in which the optimal designs are realized by referring to the same elastic but different plastic material properties