“Justification” of “Sense” in Pedagogy: To the Pedagogical Study of E. Levinas's Thought

本稿は、経済的価値の指標で物事の「意味」をはかる論理が社会で広く受け入れられている現代において、教育学が「意味という問題」を問うことの重要性を提起する試みである。教育の「意味」は、有用性などの経済の論理にしばしば還元される。この教育学的問題に応答した研究として、矢野智司と田中毎実による近代教育学批判がある。両者の研究を比較することにより、〈教育が「意味」を規定する論理〉は、社会との結びつきのなかで根源的に「正当化」されねばならないということが導き出される。この「正当化」の道筋を考えるにあたって、本稿は、政治社会学者ルゴフの分析に着目する。ルゴフによれば、現代では、経済の論理から「意味」を借り受けなければならないほどに、人々の対話のなかから生まれる「意味」が解体している。本稿は、この指摘を教育学的に引き受け、人々の間で「意味」を再生し、社会的紐帯を創り出す希望と責任を教育に見出していく。This paper discusses the importance of pedagogy asking “the problem of sense” in today's society, where the logic of measuring the “sense” of things by the indicator of economic value is widely accepted. The “sense” of education is often reduced to the logic of the economy such as usefulness. The critique of modern pedagogy by Satoji Yano and Tsunemi Tanaka responded to this pedagogical problem. Comparison of their research leads to the need to consider how the logic defining the “sense” of things inherent in education can be fundamentally “justified” in connection with society. In considering the path of this “justification, ” this paper refers to the analysis of the political sociologist Le Goff. According to Le Goff, in modern society, the “sense” that emerges from the dialogue between people has been dissolved to the extent that the content of “sense” must be borrowed from the logic of the economy. This paper undertakes his indication pedagogically and seeks to find in education the hope and responsibility to regenerate “sense” and to create social bonds among people

Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy: A propensity score-matched study via a nationwide database

Background: The advantages of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RA-MIE) over conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (C-MIE) are unknown. This nationwide large-scale study aimed to compare surgical outcomes between RA-MIE and C-MIE using rigorous propensity score methods, including detailed covariates and relevant outcomes.Methods: This Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort study included RA-MIE or C-MIE for esophageal malignant tumors performed between October 2018 and December 2019 and registered in the Japanese National Clinical Database. The primary outcome measure was postoperative complications classified as Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIa or higher. Propensity score matching was performed to create a balanced covariate distribution between the two groups.Results: After propensity score matching, 1092 patients were selected. The RA-MIE group had a significantly longer operation time and greater blood loss than the C-MIE group (565 vs. 477 min and 120 vs. 90 mL). Furthermore, the R0 resection rate was lower in the RA-MIE group than in the C-MIE group (95.1% vs. 97.8%). The RA-MIE and C-MIE groups had no differences regarding overall complications ≥ Grade IIIa (22.0% vs. 20.3%,  = 0.52), 30-day mortality rates (0.4% vs. 0.5%), and operative mortality rates (0.7% vs. 0.7%). Deep SSI was less frequent (2.7% vs. 6.0%) and pulmonary embolism was more frequent (2.4% vs. 0.5%) in the RA-MIE group than in the C-MIE group.Conclusions: In the initial phase of implementation, RA-MIE and C-MIE demonstrated comparable morbidity rates when performed by skilled board-certified endoscopic surgeons

An Approach to the Psychological Burden of Clinical Psychologists: From the Perspective of Human Service Providers, to the Experience of Clinical Psychologists

本稿の目的は，心理臨床家に特有の負担感について，今後どのような研究が行われるべきか検討することであった。そのため，まず心理臨床家と同様ストレスのかかりやすい対人援助職者において重要とされてきた概念を整理した結果，心理臨床家の専門性を踏まえて今一度丁寧に概念を捉えなおしていく必要性が示唆された。続いて心理臨床家に特有の負担感を検討していくために，今後どのようなデザインで研究がなされるべきかについて検討を試みた。先行研究から，面接の枠組みの中での内的負担感に限定すること，経験年数の違いを踏まえて検討することは，負担感研究という観点からも，専門性・アイデンティティ研究という観点からも，非常に有意義であろうことが考えられた。また研究の際には，心理臨床家が普段の心理臨床活動で全体性をまなざすように，面接場面に現れる関係性を丁寧に活かした考察が有意義であると考えられた。This paper discusses the types of research to be conducted in future regarding the psychological burden characteristic of clinical psychologists. First, we summarized the concepts that have been considered important for human service workers who, like psychologists, are prone to stress. The results suggest the need to carefully reconsider these concepts in light of the expertise of psychotherapists. Next, to examine the psychological burden characteristic of clinical psychologists, we considered the possible designs of future research. Based on previous research, it was suggested that limiting the study to the psychological burden in therapy situations and considering differences in years of professional experience would be very meaningful from the perspective of burden research as well as expertise and identity research. Finally, it was also considered meaningful to carefully consider the relationships that emerge in therapy situations, so that the psychotherapist can feel, receive and consider the whole in their psychotherapeutic activities

自己説明と手書き回答の分析による数学学習支援システムの構築

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(情報学)甲第25718号情博第903号新制||情||151(附属図書館)京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻(主査)教授 緒方 広明, 教授 神田 崇行, 教授 伊藤 孝行学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of InformaticsKyoto UniversityDFA

クルミアレルギー解析のためのアレルゲンの精製とその特性

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第25711号農博第2644号新制||農||1113(附属図書館)京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻(主査)教授 丸山 伸之, 教授 及川 彰, 准教授 田中 朋之学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Zirconium isotope composition indicates -process depletion in samples returned from asteroid Ryugu

Nucleosynthetic isotope variations are powerful tracers to determine genetic relationships between meteorites and planetary bodies. They can help to link material collected by space missions to known meteorite groups. The Hayabusa 2 mission returned samples from the Cb-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic characteristics of these samples show strong similarities to carbonaceous chondrites and in particular CI chondrites. The nucleosynthetic isotope compositions of Ryugu overlap with CI chondrites for several elements (e.g., Cr, Ti, Fe, and Zn). In contrast to these isotopes, which are of predominately supernovae origin, s-process variations in Mo isotope data are similar to those of carbonaceous chondrites, but even more s-process depleted. To further constrain the origin of this depletion and test whether this signature is also present for other s-process elements, we report Zr isotope compositions for three bulk Ryugu samples (A0106, A0106-A0107, C0108) collected from the Hayabusa 2 mission. The data are complemented with that of terrestrial rock reference materials, eucrites, and carbonaceous chondrites. The Ryugu samples are characterized by distinct ⁹⁶Zr enrichment relative to Earth, indicative of a s-process depletion. Such depletion is also observed for carbonaceous chondrites and eucrites, in line with previous Zr isotope work, but it is more extreme in Ryugu, as observed for Mo isotopes. Since s-process Zr and Mo are coupled in mainstream SiC grains, these distinct s-process variations might be due to SiC grain depletion in the analyzed materials, potentially caused by incomplete sample digestion, because the Ryugu samples were dissolved on a hotplate only to avoid high blank levels for other elements (e.g., Cr). However, local depletion of SiC grains cannot be excluded. An alternative, equally possible scenario is that aqueous alteration redistributed anomalous, s-process-depleted, Zr on a local scale, for example, into Ca-phosphates or phyllosilicates

攻撃性と身体自覚症状に関する臨床心理学的研究

京都大学新制・論文博士博士(教育学)乙第13660号論教博第183号新制||教||227(附属図書館)九州大学大学院人間環境学府人間共生システム専攻(主査)教授 髙橋 靖恵, 准教授 西 見奈子, 准教授 野口 寿一学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Education)Kyoto UniversityDGA

深層採鉱における断層すべり山はねを引き起こす誘発地震の発生メカニズムとモデリング

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第25706号工博第5306号新制||工||2008(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻(主査)教授 福山 英一, 教授 村田 澄彦, 教授 林 為人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

UK-5099はミトコンドリアのピルビン酸キャリア阻害剤であり、ヒト多能性幹細胞モデルにおいてAK2欠損による好中球成熟障害を回復させる

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医科学)甲第25704号医科博第164号新制||医科||11(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻(主査)教授 江藤 浩之, 教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 金子 新学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Surviving at the Southern Edge: The Rear-Edge Population of Viola brevistipulata var. acuminata Persisting in Disturbance-Mediated Refugium

The Ashiu area of Kyoto Prefecture is renowned for its role as a refugium for relict plants that migrated from northern regions in glacial periods. Viola brevistipulata sensu lato in Ashiu represents such a rear-edge population at low latitude, yet its biogeographic and conservation importance has been obscured due to taxonomic issues. This study aimed to clarify the taxonomy of the Ashiu population of V. brevistipulata s.l. through phylogenetic analysis of three varieties occurring in Honshu, Japan. The analysis confirmed the genetic distinctness of var. acuminata from a group including var. brevistipulata and var. minor, and clearly identified the Ashiu population as var. acuminata, which prefers a subalpine climate. Surveys of the distribution of var. acuminata populations in Ashiu revealed their persistence at low altitudes that correspond to upper warm temperate to lower cool temperate climate zones. The riverside rocky habitats that exclude competing plants and the unique life history characteristics of var. acuminata appear to allow these relict populations to survive in a climatically less suitable area