Effectiveness of Training and Development on Employees’ Performance at Fire & Rescue Force Department, Tanzania.

This study investigated the effectiveness of training and development on employee performance within the Fire & Rescue Force Department in Tanzania, specifically in Dar es Salaam. The study focused on three key objectives which were to assess impact of on- the- job training, coaching, and job rotation to the performance of the employees. Consequently, informed by Human Capital Theory, with recognition of a positivism research philosophy, the study focused on a quantitative approach, and explanatory research philosophy. Sources of data included a structured questionnaire from a sample of 271 respondents. Descriptive statistics correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the collected data. According to the research, results showed that on-job training, coaching and training on the job rotation all impacted in the performance of the employees in a sensitive and positive manner. On the job training led to increase in skill development and task accomplishment, coaching enhanced performance as well encouraged by job rotation its exposed employees to other departments and made them more proficient in problem solving. The study concludes that well-structured training and development programmes are essential for enhancing the performance of the employees in the Fire & Rescue Force. The study suggests to continue providing and intensively developing the training and coaching activities, frequently offering opportunities for mentorship, and systematically establish a job rotation program to developed employees‟ skills and their performance. Keywords: On-the-Job Training, Coaching, Job rotation and Job Performance

The Influence of Extrinsic Motivation on Employees’ Performance in Public Sectors Organization.

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of extrinsic motivation on performance among employee at NSSF Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate the association between rewards, salary increments, bonuses as well as promotion and performance of the employee. A total of 267 NSSF officers from various departments were included in the sample size. The sampling of the study respondents was done through cluster sampling. A cluster of Contacted NSSF employee was chosen as study sample, meanwhile a cluster of non-staffs was excluded. The study was guided by the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory and Herzberg Two-Factor Theory. The collection of data was done using self-administered questionnaires among study participants. The analysis of the data was done using descriptive and inferential analysis. The study found that, there were no significant relationship between employee performance and salary increment as well as promotion. Furthermore, the study also found that, there were a significant relationship between employee performances and bonuses as well as rewards among NSSF employees. The study concluded that, the extrinsic motivation in examined in this study, collectively provides motivation to employee in public organizations. However, some of the factors such as rewards and bonuses had immediate and strong influence of employee motivation meanwhile the remaining factors such as salary increment and promotion has limited influence of motivation. The study recommends, the NSSF should strengthen its rewards and bonuses system structures to ensure they align with the organization targets as they would ensure employee post positive performances. Key Words: Bonuses, Rewards, Promotions, Performance, Employee, NSSF

Effects of Payment Delays on Contractors’ Cash Flow:A Case of Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency.

This study was carried out to find out the effects of payment delay on contractors’ cash flow in the case of the Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency. The study had three research objectives, which were formulated to answer the general problem of the research study, which was elaborated in the statement of the problem. This study used a case study design. The study population consisted of Contractors in TARURA road projects. The researcher used a purposive sampling technique to draw a sample size of 109 respondents from the population. The findings show that factors such as appropriate allocation of funds and limited funds provided by the client significantly influenced the contractor’s cash flows and, hence, inadequate cash flow. More so delaying payments affects the contractors in meeting project costs in terms of wages, materials, equipment, and logistics. This study explores the impact of financial delays on contractors’ cash flow in road projects undertaken by TARURA in the Dar es Salaam region. It specifically examines how delayed fund releases from financiers; postponements in work certification, and non-compliance with contract terms affect contractors' financial stability. Adopting a quantitative approach, the research integrates both quantitative and qualitative data collection to evaluate the extent of these factors' influence. The findings shed light on the challenges contractors encounter due to delayed payments, underscoring the necessity for improved contract management and prompt financial disbursements. The results of this study will serve as a valuable resource for guiding policy recommendations aimed at enhancing cash flow predictability and overall efficiency in road project execution. Keywords: Contractor’s Cash Flow, Delayed Release of Funds, Works Certification Delays, Contractual Compliance, and Road Project Financial Management

Educational Support Systems for Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders within Inclusive Settings in The Selected Regions in Tanzania.

Inclusive education for all kinds of learners is now becoming a norm in many countries. However, evidence indicates a gap in the policy and implementation of quality inclusive education for learners with autism spectrum disorders. The lack of clear national policies, coupled with the complexity of the condition, has thwarted the good intentions of many countries, such as Tanzania, in the implementation of inclusive education. The key question among stakeholders has been how to go about including these learners in elementary schools while at the same time ensuring access, participation and achievement in education. To respond to that question, this study assessed the educational support systems for learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within inclusive elementary schools in the selected regions in Tanzania. The study employed the interpretivist research paradigm, qualitative approach and multiple case-study design. Interviews, focus group discussions, nonparticipant observations and documentary review methods were used to collect data from 41 respondents from 7 schools in 5 regions of Tanzania. Data were analysed thematically, aided by Nvivo 12 software. The findings revealed a lack of clear statements about inclusive education in the 2014 Education and Training Policy. There is a lack of Educational Support Resources and Assessment Centres (ESRAC) in the regions. The study concludes that Tanzania has a long way to go to ensure access, participation and achievement in education for learners with autism. The study recommends differentiated curriculum and assessments, particularly in the national examinations provided by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA). Keywords: Inclusive Education, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Educational Support

Determinants of Epicor Accounting System Usage in Public Organizations: A Case of the Tanzania Revenue Authority.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the effective usage of the Epicor accounting system in Tanzania Revenue Authority. This study specifically assessed the effect of the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust and perceived risks on the effective usage of the Epicor accounting system within TRA. The positivistic philosophy, deductive approach, explanatory design and Davis and Venkatesh's (1996)’s Technology Acceptance Model served as the foundation for this investigation. The 92 respondents were drawn using a stratified and simple random sampling technique from a population of 120 respondents from various departments and units of the Tanzania Revenue Authority. Then structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used as data analysis tools. The study found that, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived trust had a positive and significant effect on the effective usage of the Epicor Accounting System within Tanzania Revenue Authority. The findings indicated that perceived risks had a negative and insignificant effect. The study concluded that, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived trust had a significant relationship with the effective usage of the Epicor Accounting System in the Tanzania Revenue Authority. The study suggests the Tanzania Revenue Authority to design strategies to minimize the risks associated with Epicor accounting system in order to promote revenue collection. Key Words: Epicor accounting system, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust, perceived risks, Tanzania Revenue Authorit

The Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance in Industries Sector. A Case of Hill Group of Companies Limited.

This study assessed the impact of motivation on employee performance in industries sector at Hill Group of Companies Limited (HGCL). This study adopted descriptive survey research design in orders to assess how motivation influence employee performance, this study used both probability sampling technique which was cluster sampling technique and non-probability sampling which was purposive sampling, to get a sample size of 50 respondents. Interview and questionnaires which comprised both close-ended and open-ended questions, were used in data collection. The study revealed that employees are motivated by the salary, Bonus and allowances which contributing on employees’ performance at HGCL. Similarly, Employees exposed that that provision of training, good working condition at the company, good treatment from the company management are among the factors motivated them to perform their job. The study concluded that employees are well motivated to perform their job if there is provision of training to employees; reasonable salary, bonus and allowances are good; good working condition at the company and good treatment from the company management. The study recommended that; there was a need for (HGCL) Management to involve all employee in all level of decision-making process, improve working environment, providing allowance and bonus to all employee annually and provide basic employees requirement on time in order to make sure that all employees satisfied and motivated in their position. Furthermore, the company should have a clear organization structure and that structure should be clear on duties and responsibility of all employee and a clearly salary structure basing on their qualifications, Thus, the required performance will be achieved. Keywords: Motivation and Employee Performanc

Role of Project Management Strategies in Church Funded Project Performance: A Case of Cardinal Rugambwa Hospital.

The study is about the Role of project management strategies in church funded project performance: a case of Cardinal Rugambwa Hospital. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected using questionnaires distributed to a sample of 270 participants, Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the relationships between study variables. The findings reveal that community engagement plays a crucial role in enhancing project outcomes, particularly through decision-making and participation in project activities. A reliable source of funding, Institutional capacity, encompassing the skills and resources required for project management, significantly impacts efficiency and effectiveness in project implementation. Furthermore, effective project planning, characterized by detailed objectives, timelines, and contingency measures, was found to be vital for achieving project performance goal. The regression model showed that all the four management strategies ie project planning, community engagement, institutional capacity and reliable source of funding significantly contribute to project performance. Based on the findings, the study recommends fostering stronger community participation, ensuring consistent funding mechanisms, investing in capacity building for institutional staff, and adopting comprehensive project planning frameworks. The study also identifies four areas for further research: the role of technological integration in church-funded projects, comparative analyses of funding mechanisms across regions, longitudinal studies on project sustainability, and the impact of cultural factors on project performance. Keywords: Project Management, Strategies, Church Funded Project, Performance

Factors behind Corrupt Practices among the Journalists in Tanzania.

This study investigated the factors that contributed to the perpetuation of corrupt practices among journalists in Tanzania, the benefits they derived from such unethical behaviour, and the impacts of these practices on journalistic integrity, public trust, and democratic accountability. Using a qualitative approach, the study collected data through interviews, document reviews including online sources and FGD with journalists from various media outlets in Tanzania. The descriptive data analysis was framed within the context of Gatekeeping Theory and Utilitarianism, providing insight into how corrupt practices influenced media content and the broader implications for society. The findings revealed that economic challenges, such as low salaries, lack of institutional recognition, and inadequate working conditions, were primary drivers of corruption among Tanzanian journalists. Corrupt practices were further reinforced by the benefits accrued by journalists, including financial gain, career advancement, access to exclusive information, and protection from powerful individuals or institutions. However, these short-term advantages led to long-term negative consequences, including the erosion of journalistic integrity, loss of public trust in the media, suppression of investigative journalism, and the weakening of democratic accountability. The study concluded that while corrupt practices offered immediate personal gains for journalists, they significantly undermined the role of the media as an independent watchdog, contributing to biased reporting and diminished public access to accurate information. To address these challenges, the study recommended improving journalists’ working conditions, strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting ethical journalism training, supporting investigative reporting, and diversifying media ownership. These measures were deemed essential to restore the credibility of the Tanzanian media and ensure its effective role in fostering democratic governance. Keywords: Corruption in Journalism, Media Integrity, Public Trust, democratic Accountability

Examining the Role of Village Community Banks (VICOBA) in Women Empowerment: A Case of Ilala Municipality Major Markets.

This study examines the role of Village Community Banks (VICOBA) in empowering women within Ilala Municipality’s major markets. Grounded in Naila Kabeer’s Feminist Economics of Empowerment, the study employs an interpretivist research philosophy, using a qualitative research design and a case study approach. The research utilizes purposive sampling to select 30 participants, including VICOBA members, leaders, and Community Development Officers. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and secondary document analysis. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns related to financial inclusion, decision-making power, and socio-cultural transformations. Findings reveal that VICOBA fosters women's financial autonomy by improving access to credit, enhancing financial literacy, and strengthening social support networks. Moreover, participation in VICOBA challenges traditional gender norms by increasing women’s leadership roles in both household and community decision-making. Despite these benefits, challenges such as financial illiteracy, limited access to capital, and societal constraints persist. The study concludes that VICOBA plays a crucial role in advancing gender equality and economic empowerment but requires further policy interventions to enhance sustainability and accessibility

Patient Satisfaction with Healthcare Services in Kyela District Hospital, Tanzania.

This study investigates patient satisfaction with healthcare services at Kyela District Hospital in Tanzania, the main objective of this study is to assess the level of patient satisfaction with healthcare services in Kyela District Hospital, Tanzania, focusing on patients' perspectives on healthcare facilities, bureaucracies involved in accessing services, and the readiness of medical personnel. The research aims to address the gap in understanding patient satisfaction in rural hospitals. The study used semistructured interviews with 20 patients, employing purposive sampling to ensure diverse representation across departments. The findings reveal that while there have been improvements in hospital infrastructure and specialized units, challenges such as overcrowding, lack of privacy, and inefficient administrative processes persist. Additionally, patient opinions on staff varied, with some appreciating the care provided, while others reported dissatisfaction due to overworked personnel. The study concludes that improving patient satisfaction in rural settings requires addressing staff shortages, streamlining administrative processes, and enhancing patient-centered care. This study will benefit various stakeholders. Patients will experience a more positive healthcare environment, while providers gain insights to enhance service delivery and patient care. Policymakers will receive data-driven evidence to develop targeted interventions for rural healthcare challenges. This knowledge will also empower the healthcare community to strengthen healthcare delivery across Tanzania. Furthermore, as this study employs an inductive approach, the findings can generate a theory that will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on patient satisfaction and healthcare service delivery in rural settings. Keywords: Patient satisfaction, healthcare services, Kyela District Hospital, patients' perspectives, healthcare facilities, bureaucratic processes, service accessibility, medical personnel readiness, quality of care, health service delivery