Influence of Household Income Poverty on the Persistent Poaching Activities in Burunge Wildlife Management Area in Babati District, Tanzania.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of household income poverty on the persistent poaching activities in Burunge wildlife management area in Babati district, Tanzania. Data were collected from a sample size of 386 randomly selected respondents, where questionnaires were administered to heads of households, while in-depth interviews were conducted to purposively selected 22 key informants in the study area. Quantitative data was analysed by using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics while the qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. The finding on the household monthly incomes among residents surrounding Burunge WMA reveals that 18.9% of households are living in extreme poverty, 14.2% are in moderate poverty, and 21.8% are vulnerable to poverty while 45.1% of households are categorized as non-poor. Further, the major reasons for poaching activities in Burunge WMA are bush meat for commercial purposes (46.7%), subsistence (38.3%) and traditional medicine (7.3%). The statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test showed a strong relationship between household income poverty levels and engagement in poaching activities (χ² = 33.452, df = 3, p<0.05). The study concludes that income poverty, characterized by inadequate education, lack of alternative livelihoods, economic desperation, and financial pressure, significantly drives individuals to engage in poaching activities. The study recommends for provision of alternative livelihood opportunities and supporting sustainable agriculture programs among residents surrounding Burunge WMA. Keywords: Household Income Poverty, Poaching Activities, Wildlife Management Are

Interoperability Framework for Electronic Health Records (EHR) Systems for Tanzania Government Hospital in the Iringa Region.

Interoperability in healthcare is a requirement for effective communication between healthcare facilities to ensure timely access to up-to-date patient information and medical knowledge to facilitate consistent patient care. The lack of interoperability between health information systems reduces the quality of care provided to patients and wastes resources. Many of the government health facilities have adopted different health information systems, like GoT-HoMIS, Afya Care, EHMS, and others, which have been deployed locally where each of them stores its own patient medical records and still has not centralised them. Therefore, the patient medical records between these health facilities cannot be exchanged and used among themselves. Interoperability will allow different information systems and organisations to work together. The study will address various challenges facing the interoperability of different electronic health record (EHR) systems hosted locally in Tanzanian government hospitals. Looking at various government interoperability initiatives and frameworks developed that can assist in solving interoperability issues for health information systems and finally developing an appropriate interoperability framework for the government electronic health record (EHR) systems for the Tanzanian government hospitals. The results of the study reveals that the major barriers of EHRS interoperability are organization and ICT infrastructure. Therefore the study come up with an appropriate EHRS interoperability framework for the Government hospitals that can be used to design and implement interoperability of heterogeneous Electronic Health Records (HER) Systems. Keywords: Interoperability; EHRs; EHRs interoperability framework; GoT-HoMIS; AFYA CAR

The Effects of Training Programs on Employees’ Performance: The Case of Immigration Department Dar Es Salaam.

Training programs are crucial to organizations as they enhance employee skills, boost productivity, quality service, foster a culture of continuous improvement and adaptability in a competitive environment. The study aims to assess the effects of training programs on employees' performance at the Immigration Department in Dar es Salaam. The specific objectives were to examine the effects of onboarding training, to assess the effects of technical skills training, and to determine the effects of soft skills training on employee performance. The research used Kirkpatrick's model. The study used positivism philosophy and quantitative research approach were employed, with a sample of 245 respondents from immigration department employees. Simple random sampling was employed where by data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The study found that onboarding training positively significant affected employee performance. For the technical skills training, the regression results revealed that technical skill had significantly positive effect on employee performance with task efficiency, and adaptability to technology. Similarly, the regression results revealed that soft skills training has a significant positive effect on employees' performance. It is recommended that the organization continues to invest in comprehensive training programs that prepare employees for their roles and promote seamless integration into the workplace. The organization should regularly update the training to address evolving technologies and job-specific needs. To maintain the effectiveness of soft skills training, the organization should continue prioritizing leadership, teamwork, and conflict resolution in future training programs. Keywords: Training Programs, Employee performance, Onboarding training, Technical skill training and soft skill training

Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Mental Health Among Married Women in Nyamagana Municipality Council, Mwanza.

This study investigates the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the mental health of married women in Nyamagana Municipality, Mwanza, Tanzania. Using a qualitative research design, specifically using a phenomenological design. Data was collected from 18 women through semi-structured interviews, capturing their lived experiences and the impact of IPV on their psychological well-being. The study reveals that emotional violence is the most prevalent form of IPV, followed by physical, economic, and sexual violence. These acts of violence contribute to a wide range of mental health issues, including stress, depression, sleeping difficulties, social withdrawal, anger, and suicidal thoughts. The majority of participants also demonstrated limited awareness of available mental health services in their community, indicating a significant gap in support mechanisms for IPV survivors. The research situates these findings within the framework of social ecological and radical feminism theory, showing how cultural norms and patriarchal structures perpetuate IPV and hinder women’s mental health and access to support. This study concludes that addressing IPV requires a multifaceted approach, including increased awareness of mental health services, societal reform to challenge harmful norms, and stronger support networks for affected women. Recommendations include expanding mental health resources and advocating for policy interventions that empower women and protect them from violence

Determinants of Customers Choice of Mobile Telephone Service Providers in Tanzania :A Case of Dar es salaam Region.

This study examined determinants of customers choice of mobile telephone service providers in Tanzania; a case of the Dar es Salaam region. Four objectives guided this study; to determine the effect of demographic factors, social factors, economic factors and mobile service efficiency and effectiveness on customers' choice of mobile telephone service providers. The theory of planned behavior was employed. Positivist philosophy was the as well. This study utilized a quantitative approach. For the case of research design explanatory technique was employed. A sample of 384 were systematically selected and used as respondents to structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis were used as data analysis tools. This study found that all four independent variables (demographic factors, social factors, economic factors and customer satisfaction) were found to be positive and significantly related to customers' choice of mobile telephone service providers. Based on the findings it is concluded that customers' choice of mobile telephone service providers in Dar es Salaam is influenced by demographic, social, economic, and service efficiency factors, highlighting the need for telecom companies to adopt customer-centric strategies to enhance satisfaction and competitiveness. Mobile service providers in Tanzania, particularly in Dar es Salaam, should enhance network reliability, offer affordable and flexible pricing plans, improve customer service responsiveness, and leverage emerging technologies to better meet diverse consumer preferences and increase market competitiveness. Keywords; customer choice, Demographic Factors, Social Related Factors, Economic Factors Mobile Service Efficiency and Effectiveness Mobile Telephone Service Providers

Assessment of Ngo’s Performance in Reducing Household Poverty.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in poverty reduction through their grassroots development initiatives. This study assesses the performance of two NGOs, PARA LIGO and Mtule Development Organization, in reducing household poverty in South Unguja, Zanzibar. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of their strategies, the extent of their impact on households, and the challenges they face in implementing poverty alleviation programs. A mixedmethods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with beneficiaries, NGO staff, and local government representatives. Key indicators examined include income generation, access to basic services, community empowerment, and sustainability of interventions. The findings reveal that both NGOs have significantly contributed to improving household incomes and access to education and healthcare services. However, challenges such as limited funding, bureaucratic hurdles, and community resistance were identified as barriers to achieving broader impacts. This study underscores the importance of strategic planning, collaboration with stakeholders, and capacity building to enhance NGO performance in poverty reduction. Recommendations include increased donor support, policy alignment with local government strategies, and continuous monitoring and evaluation to ensure long-term sustainability of the initiatives. This research contributes to understanding the role of NGOs in poverty alleviation and provides actionable insights for improving their impact in Zanzibar and similar circumstances. Keywords: Assessment, Community Empowerment, Household Poverty, NGO’s, Performanc

Contribution of Library Services in Enhancing Science Subjects Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Bunda Town Council.

This study investigated the perceived contribution of library services in enhancing science subjects‟ performance in Bunda town council. The self-regulated learning theory (SRLT) as proposed by Barry Zimmerman guided this study. The concurrent triangulation design under mixed method approach was used in this study. The sample of 190 respondents (students, head of schools, Town Secondary Education Officers, Ward Education Officers and science subjects‟ teachers) were used to provide their answers to the specific questions related to this study. The researcher administered 171 questionnaires where 94 were distributed to the students and 77 were distributed to science subject teachers in five public secondary schools. 19 participants were interviewed by the researcher. The findings revealed that most public secondary schools are not adequately equipped with supplementary books, and computers that would help students in studying science subjects. The findings indicate that most public secondary students utilize library services to conduct private studies, doing discussion, doing assignments and homework and borrowing books for studying science subjects at schools. Again, the findings revealed that if students develop reading habits, access to varied learning materials, lead to inquiry based learning and supplement classroom learning, the correlation of the frequency usage and academic performance would be high in public secondary schools. The study recommended that secondary schools should prioritize the expansion and modernization of their library facilities. Also the study recommended that schools should implement a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system to assess the impact of the library services on students‟ academic performance in science subjects. Key words: Students performance, science subjects and library service

Assessing Service Delivery of Quality Health Services by Local Government Authorities: A Case of Nachingwea District Council.

The objective of the study was to assess the delivery quality of health services in the local government authorities in Nachingwea District Council. The study employed a mixed method approach which enabled a thorough understanding of a research problem. The sample size of 100 respondents which applied both purposive and random sampling procedure was selected. With regard to data collection both primary and secondary methods of data collection were applied. The collected data ware processed and analysed by using SPSS programme version 21.The main findings of the research expressed community awareness of the health service delivery, but expressed dissatisfaction with the services in that the quality of health service delivered was unsatisfactory. Study revealed that respondents unveiled factors which caused underperformance the leading being lack of facilities, shortage of human resources, poor equipment, shortage of laboratories and fewer technicians. The study pointed out issues causing customer dissatisfaction citing mainly inadequate financing and shortage of professionals. The study suggested having reasonable financial capacity to ensure quality health delivery, enough equipment and facilities, enough professionals and conducive environment for services. The study recommended to NDC management having more employment to qualified and skilled staffs for all departments, ensure and strengthen the availability of enough medical supplies at all times in all health facilities, improve Ward services and focus on customer satisfaction strategy. Keywords: Service quality, Local Government, Healthcare, Medical suppl

The Contribution of Monitoring and Evaluation to the Tanzania Airport Authority Quality Service Delivery: A Case of the Julius Nyerere International Airport.

The study examines the contribution of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices to the provision of quality services by the Tanzania Airport Authority (TAA), with a focus on Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA). Using a cross-sectional research approach, the study collected data from 172 respondents, including staff from the Planning, Statistics Section and the Market and Business Unit. A structured questionnaire survey was employed, data were analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that while stakeholders recognize the potential of M&E in improving service quality, current M&E practices at JNIA are widely perceived as ineffective due to limited stakeholder engagement, inadequate resource allocation and inefficient utilization of existing resources. The study reveals a significant dissatisfaction among stakeholders regarding TAA’s M&E practices. A majority of respondents reported that M&E processes are not responsive to regulatory changes and do not adequately involve key stakeholders such as passengers and airline operators. Findings highlight that resource constraints hinder the effectiveness of M&E efforts, with many respondents considering the current funding and staffing levels insufficient for meaningful M&E. As a result, service quality at JNIA is largely rated as average, with room for significant improvement. The study recommends the strengthening M&E frameworks by improving stakeholder engagement, ensuring adequate resource allocation and aligning M&E processes with regulatory requirements. The findings underscore the need for TAA to adopt a more structured and data-driven approach to M&E, fostering continuous improvement in service quality at JNIA. Keywords: Monitoring and Evaluation, Quality Airport Service, Tanzania Airport Authority, Julius Nyerere International Airport

The Effects of Training and Development on Employee Performance in Local Government Authorities.

This study investigates the impact of training programs, career development, and succession planning on employee performance within Local Government Authorities (LGAs), using Chunya District Council as a case study. The primary objective was to determine how these three human resource practices affect employee performance. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the relevance and effectiveness of training programs, the accessibility and influence of career development opportunities, and the role of succession planning in enhancing employee performance. A quantitative research methodology was employed, with data collected via structured questionnaires distributed to 302 employees of the Chunya District Council. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis through SPSS. The key findings indicate that training programs significantly improve employee performance by enhancing skills and knowledge. However, there is a need for more tailored and diverse training methods to accommodate the varying needs of employees. Career development was found to positively impact employee job satisfaction and performance, but disparities in accessibility to development opportunities were noted. Succession planning was identified as crucial for maintaining leadership continuity and employee motivation, though a lack of transparency in the process was a concern for some employees. The study recommends diversifying training programs, ensuring equitable access to career development opportunities, and improving the communication and transparency of succession planning. Keywords: Employee Performance, Training Programs, Career Development, Succession Plannin