A QoS-driven Customizable Forecasting Framework for Blockchain Transaction Fee Recommendation

[[abstract]]近年來區塊鏈技術的發展快速且應用愈趨普及，其核心功能是避免如加密貨幣交易紀錄等機敏資料遭到篡改。雖然比特幣與以太坊等區塊鏈網路都有其加密貨幣應用，但以太坊的智能合約出現後使得各種具有不同特徵與服務品質需求的去中心化應用程式(DApps)如雨後春筍般冒出。根據共識演算法，不同的交易手續費能夠影響交易確認時間。因此，如何依據DApps的特徵與其在成本、時間、與安全性等服務品質需求推薦交易手續費變得相當重要。雖然目前已經有少數提供交易手續費預測的平台，但仍有一些困難需要解決。首先，通常這些平台的預測模型沒有調適DApps的特徵與服務品質需求，因此容易產生誤差。另外，目前沒有一個整合DApps與預測模型的框架，使得開發一個以服務品質驅動的DApps變的相當困難。因此，本論文將設計與實現一個區塊鏈交易手續費以服務品質驅動的可定制預測框架以讓DApps能更容易地取得符合其服務品質需求的手續費推薦。此框架設計了一致性的API請求方法，因此使用者不需深入了解每個預測模型各式各樣的API請求方式即可運用各種預測模型。另外，透過微服務架構設計，手續費預測服務供應商能夠更有彈性的進行新增與移除定制的預測模型。此外，我們以以太坊為例運用機器學習依據不同主被動參數特徵訓練定制預測模型並整合在所提出的框架中以驗證此微服務架構的設計。最後，我們透過系統展示證明以服務品質驅動之可定制預測框架的可行性並說明在此框架上發展定制預測模型的挑戰與未來發展方向。 Recently, the development and application of blockchain (BC) is significantly growing. The core function of BC is to precent the confidential data of cryptocurrency transaction from being revised. Although BC networks, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, have their own cryptocurrency application, a numerous of decentralized applications (DApps) spring up like mushrooms after Ethereum’s smart contract appeared. Based on consensus algorithm, different transaction fee (TF) can influence the confirmation time of transaction based on quality of service (QoS). Thus, it is important to set an appropriate TF based on the QoS requirements of DApps in terms of cost, time, and security. Although there are several platforms providing TF prediction, some problems need to be solved. First, the prediction models of these platforms are typically trained based on all transaction on BC rather than the transactions of specific DApps. Thus, a prediction error can be expected. In addition, there is no platform to integrate DApps and prediction models. Thus, it makes the development of DApps based on QoS-driven become complex and difficult. Therefore, we design and implement a QoS-driven Customizable Forecasting Framework (QCFF) for BC TF recommendation. QCFF has a uniform API design which can be easily accessed without understanding various APIs of existing prediction models. Moreover, QCFF adopts microservices architecture in which a new prediction model can be easily plugged into QCFF. To prove the microservices architecture, we applied machine learning to train a customized prediction model based on different features of active and passive parameters on Ethereum. The customized prediction model is wrapped as a microservice and is integrated into QCFF. Finally, the demonstration shows that the feasibility of QCFF. We will illustrate the challenges and future work of developing customized prediction models on QCFF

Circular Economy – Overview and Perspectives

[[abstract]]摘要 近年來傳統的線性經濟，帶來了原物料與能源的開採生產、基本材料生產、零組件生產組裝等生產，雖然造就了許多商機和經濟成長，但也產生了對環境的嚴重傷害，一些不斷在增加的汙染反而造成世界經濟的困擾甚至是阻礙，循環經濟是一種可恢復和可再生的產業體系，秉持著減量化、再利用、資源化的三大原則，循環經濟已經是現代的國際趨勢，不僅可促進經濟發展，也創造就業機會，同時也和環境永續發展有很大的關係。 本研究目的就是為了讓大家在討論有關循環經濟的研究時，可以快速了解循環經濟的用處，和更快得到要找的方向，在內容中有收集國內有關循環經濟議題的論文，也把這些收集來的論文加以分類，就是為了讓研究者更快掌握資訊

Relationship between Life and Depression among the Elderly

[[abstract]]隨著醫療的進步，人類的壽命延長，致使老年人口逐漸成長，台灣人口有愈趨高齡化的現象；在面對這樣的趨勢下，我們期待老年人能有良好的心理健康。進入老年期，不論是生理、心理、社會層面，皆出現明顯的轉變，例如面臨健康衰退、經濟困頓、退休、角色改變和親友的去世等，其中許多的轉變皆對老年人心理層面產生影響；長期情緒低落的老年人，多半覺得自己沒有存在價值，心理負面情緒也隨之產生，容易導致憂鬱情緒，提高老年憂鬱症的發生。本研究目的在於，了解生活中有哪些因素與老年人心裡狀態有關，並以老年人憂鬱為主要探討病症。 本研究採用「台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」2011年（第七波）之調查資料加以分析，該資料憂鬱傾向的測量，係以問卷中CES-D量表為測量工具；自變項包括基本人口學背景、居住安排、健康狀況、休閒娛樂、社會支持、經濟狀況等，將各變項與有無憂鬱傾向進行卡方檢定，再將達到統計上之顯著差異的變項利用邏輯斯迴歸分析。其中也利用CART決策樹及天真貝氏法找出影響憂鬱的重要因子。 研究結果顯示女性較男性容易有憂鬱傾向，年齡越高及健康狀況越不好，其憂鬱傾向的機率越高。期望研究結果提供我國老年人健康議題參考。 As medical advances, gradually reduce the mortality of human life to the elderly population grows. Taiwan has become more population aging phenomenon, in the face of this trend, we look forward to the elderly to have good mental health. Enter the old period, whether physical, psychological, social dimensions are visible changes, such as the face declining health, economic hardship Clinton, retirement, roles to change and the death of friends and relatives. Many of these changes are for the elderly have an impact on the psychological level. The long-term depression, most older persons feel that they do not have the psychological value of negative emotions as a result, also easily lead to depression and improve elderly depression. The purpose of this study to understand what factors in life and soul status of older persons and to the elderly depression is mainly to explore the disease. This study uses the " Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging " Seventh wave of survey data to be analyzed. The Data depression tend the measurements between the CES-D questionnaire to gauge is measuring tools. The various variables and there is a tendency for depression Chi-square test and will reach the significant difference between the statistics by the use of the Logistic Regression Model. It also use CART and Naive Bayes Classifier affected an important factor depression.. The results of the study show women than men are prone to depression tendency that the higher the age and health of the poor, their depression tend the higher the chance

An Analysis of Stock Selection Using Momentum Strategy and Excess Returns on the Japan Nikkei 225 Index

[[abstract]]本文參考 Hart et al. (2003) 選股投資策略中的動能型投資策略，並以日經225指數成分股共225家公司為研究樣本，研究期間為自2009年1月至2019年12月，以過去1個月、3個月、6個月、9個月及 12個月之報酬率作為選股指標，劃分三種投資模式：買入贏家投資組合、賣出輸家投資組合，和買入贏家及賣出輸家投資組合，進行不同持有期間之超額報酬檢驗。藉此研究步驟，分析推薦適合之股票投資策略，以提供投資人決策參考。 實證結果發現，動能型投資策略對本研究之日經225指數成分股皆呈現顯著報酬。其中又以過去12個月之報酬率為選股指標，採取買入贏家、賣出輸家投資組合策略，並持有1個月所獲得之超額報酬最高，可達139.803%。此外，實證結果亦顯示，此投資方式會隨著持有時間增加，超額報酬隨之遞減。 因此，本研究結果可與實際投資操作方式呼應。建議投資人以動能型投資策略作為短期投資操作應用，以長期月報酬率做為選股指標，以賺取最大超額報酬。 The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the momentum investment strategy on the excess returns while investing the Japan stock market. To construct momentum portfolios, Hart et al. (2003) suggested that all stocks be sorted at the beginning on the basis of their past k-month returns, and then one holds the resulting high (low) portfolios for the subsequent k-months. All stocks are equal-weighted within each portfolio. With the momentum strategies, we can calculate the average return over the previous 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. This means that stocks are ranked on their past returns. Stocks with higher past returns are expected to have higher future returns. The data of the Nikkei 225 Index with total of 225 companies in the Japan stock market is examined. Monthly data from January 2009 to December 2019 is used. The empirical results of this research show that a momentum strategy is a short-term strategy. The excess return for holding one month is the largest and becomes smaller for holding longer periods. The highest excess return is up to 139.803% when referring to a previous 12-month momentum strategy for holding only one month. The goal of this research is therefore to help investors make better judgments when investing in the Japan stock market. For those who have not been trained in securities analysis, this research shall provide effective investment strategies to help investors make more prudent decisions in this stock market. The results can also be used as a reference for the government to develop sound economic policies so as to continuously attract higher quality foreign investment

Apple’s iPhone New Product Announcement Effect – The Case of Taiwanese Supply Chain

[[abstract]]蘋果公司於 2007 年首次推出第一代 iPhone 系列手機，開啟了智慧型手機的新時代。而蘋果公司也迅速地成為手機製造業中獲利最高的廠商。本研究從 2007 年的第一代 iPhone 到 2020 年的最新款手機產品，回顧蘋果公司對iPhone 系列產品的創新和表現。進一步運用事件研究法來分析蘋果公司發表新 iPhone 產品，對台灣 iPhone 概念公司股價報酬是否具有宣告效果。 實證結果顯示蘋果公司 iPhone 系列產品中，部分新產品發布對其台灣iPhone 概念股票報酬率具有顯著影響，而這些結果可能取決於 iPhone 新產品在軟硬體上的創新，並和台灣股票市場投資者對 iPhone 新產品的預期和信心有關。 In the year 2007, Apple Inc. first launched the iPhone series, which marked the new era of smartphones. Soon after, they had rapidly become one the most profitable mobile phone manufacturers. Therefore, let us set a time range from the first generation of iPhone in 2007 to the latest one in 2020 to review their innovation among these years and how they perform. This study applies event study methodology to analyze the influence of new Apple’s iPhone release on Taiwanese supply chain and their stock returns. Along with using empirical models and regression analysis to estimate the abnormal returns. The results show that some of the new product announcements do have a significant impact on Taiwanese supply chain. Objectively, these results mostly depend on Taiwanese investors’ confidence in the new iPhone product

Status Survey on Personality Trait and Leisure Participation of Firefighters—A Case Study of the First Line Firefighters in Fire Bureau of Kaohsiung City

[[abstract]]本研究目的在瞭解高雄市外勤消防人員人格特質、休閒活動參與之現況，消防人員在協助搶救災害工作中，除了專業技能外，其中包括情緒是否穩定，身體與心靈間是否平衡，方可達成使命任務，並探討不同背景高雄市外勤消防人員人格特質及休閒活動參與之差異情形，分析消防人員人格特質對休閒活動參與之關係。 本研究採問卷調查法，以「高雄市外勤消防人員人格特質、休閒活動參與之現況調查問卷」為研究工具，以高雄市外勤消防人員為研究母對象，採立意抽樣方式，發放問卷500份，回收有效問卷406份，有效回收率81.20%。資料分析方法採敘述性統計分析、信度分析、t檢定、雪費、單因子變異數分析及皮爾遜積差相關分析，獲致研究結果如下： 一、高雄市外勤消防人員人格特質以「嚴謹性」最高。 二、高雄市外勤消防人員人格特質因教育程度、消防年資及職稱之不同而有顯著差異。 三、高雄市外勤消防人員休閒活動參與程度最高的類型為「運動類活動」；最低的類型是 「嗜好類活動」。 四、高雄市外勤消防人員在休閒活動參與程度低，較偏向「運動類活動」、「戶外類活動」。 五、高雄市外勤消防人員休閒活動參與類型因年齡、教育程度、消防年資及職稱之不同而 有顯著差異。 六、高雄市外勤消防人員人格特質愈高與積極參與休閒活動類型有顯著正相關。 The purpose of this study tries to understand the current situation on personality trait and participation of leisure activities of first line firefighters in Fire Bureau of Kaohsiung City. Firefighters have professional skills in assisting in the rescue of disasters, but they still meet the balance of physiological and psychological condition to complete the mission. It also explores the differences among the different background of the first line firefighters in Fire Bureau of Kaohsiung City on personality trait and participation of leisure activities and analyze the correlation of personality traits of firefighters to participate of leisure activities. This study uses the questionnaire as research tool. First line firefighters in Fire Bureau of Kaohsiung City are the survey population, and then choosing informants randomly within the purposive sample, totally 500questionnaires were sent out, 406 were effectively received with effective recovery of 81.20%. The data analysis method was based on narrative statistical analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, Scheffe's method exact test, single factor variable parameter analysis and Pearson Correlation. The results were as follows: 1.“Rigor” is the highest for the current status of personality traits of the first line firefighters in Kaohsiung City. 2. The personality traits of first line firefighters in Kaohsiung City are significantly different due to differences in education level, working years and titles. 3. The highest type of participation in leisure activities for firefighters in Kaohsiung City is “sports activities”; the lowest type is “hobby activities”. 4. The first line firefighters in Kaohsiung City have lower level of leisure activities and in favor of "sports activities" and "outdoor activities". 5. The first line firefighters in Kaohsiung City participate the leisure activities varies significantly depending on age, educational background, working years and title. 6. It turns out significant positive correlation between the personality traits and participation of types of leisure activities of first line firefighters in Kaohsiung City. Keywords: firefighter, personality traits, participate types of leisure activitie

Leisure Industry Park and Management and Management Model─Taking the Dashan Recreation Park in Manzhou Township, Pingtung County as an example

[[abstract]]本論文旨在探討滿州鄉九個厝段，在這貧瘠的山區選定種植咖啡，具經濟價值又適合觀賞性，既是生產事業也可兼具養生休閒農業，本研究採質性探討法，訪問健康長壽會的會員約60名左右對休閒的看法與需求，又為了種植咖啡求助于行政院農業委員會所屬茶業改良場台東分場、高雄農業改良場、嘉義農業試驗所、泰武咖啡生產銷合作社，以求種植咖啡的栽培技術問題及管理模式，希望能帶動該地區的產業及創新產業結構。 The purpose of this paper is to explore the Jiulong section of Manzhou Township.Theselection of planted coffee in this barren mountainous area is of economic value and is most suitable for ornamental purposes. It is both a productive enterprise and a health-care leisure agriculture. Around 60 members of the Health and Longevity Association have opinions and demands for leisure. They also turn to the Taitung branch of the Tea Industry Improvement Center, the Kaohsiung Agricultural Improvement Field, the Chiayi Agricultural Experimental Institute, and the Taiwu Coffee Production Co., Ltd. for the purpose of growing coffee. Cooperatives, in order to cultivate coffee cultivation technology problems and management models, hope to stimulate the region's industrial and innovative industrial structure

Study on the Influence of LeisureActivities Participation of Volunteer Firefighters on Adjustment of Life Stress

[[abstract]]本研究目的在瞭解義勇消防人員休閒活動參與、生活壓力之現況，義勇消防人員在協助搶救災害工作中，除了專業技能外，其中包括情緒是否穩定，身體與心靈間是否平衡，方可達成使命任務，並探討不同背景義勇消防人員休閒活動參與、生活壓力之差異情形，分析義勇消防人員休閒活動參與對生活壓力之關係。 本研究採問卷調查法，以「義勇消防人員休閒參與對生活壓力調適影響之研究調查問卷」為研究工具，以高雄市義勇消防人員為研究母對象，採立意抽樣方式，發放問卷396份，回收有效問卷380份，有效回收率95.95%。以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數、雪費事後比較以及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法進行比較，獲致研究結果如下： 一、義勇消防人員在休閒活動參與程度偏低，多以社交聯誼型及消遣娛樂型的活動為主。 二、不同人口統計變項在整體休閒活動參與中，教育程度有顯著差異。 三、義勇消防人員生活壓力中工作壓力構面最為明顯。 四、不同人口統計變項在整體生活壓力中，年齡及職業有顯著差異。 五、義勇消防人員整體休閒活動參與對生活壓力呈低度顯著性負相關。 最後根據研究結果提出建議，以供消防單位和義勇消防人員及未來研究者之參考。 The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the participation of volunteer firefighters in leisure activities and life stress. In assisting the rescue missions, professional proficiency is the lowest demand for volunteer firefighters. To stay calm and maintain the balance between mind and body are keys to make the mission fulfilled. This study also explore the differences in different background’s volunteer firefighters leisure activities participation and life stress, analyze how leisure activities participation affect life stress. The study was conducted by purposive sampling. The research instruments is “Questionnaire for the influence of volunteer firefighters’ leisure activities participation on life stress management“. The 396 subjects were selected from volunteer firefighters sampled from those in Kaohsiung County; 380 effective questionnaires were collected, reaching to the rate of 95.95％. After processing the data with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe-test, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient , several conclusions were made as the following: 1.Volunteer firefighters are not active in leisure activities participation. Most of the subjects have more tendency to participate in activities such as social gathering and entertainment activities. 2.In all population statistic variables, education level has significant differences in general leisure activities participation. 3.Working pressure is the main source life stress in volunteer firefighters. 4.In all population statistic variables, age and occupation have significant differences in general life stress. 5.There are significant negative relationships between general leisure activities participation and life stress in volunteer firefighters. Based on the results of the study, put forward the relevant suggestions to the fire units and volunteer fire units for reference

Philippines and Taiwan Gender Equality Acts: A Comparative Analysis

[[abstract]]Behind the scenes of historical struggles for gender equality lie long-standing and ongoing debates about the meaning of equality. Gay men and lesbian women have also campaigned for social acceptance and for legal rights equivalent to those enjoyed by heterosexuals. A gap in the knowledge base about sex and gender stems from a tendency on the part of social scientists and religious groups to ignore the experience of anyone whose sexual orientation is not heterosexual. In this connection, the study claims that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex (LGBTQI) people can be recognized by and in the legal and social contexts regardless of age, socio-economic status, educational background, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and religion. The study utilizes descriptive comparative research to describe the similarity and difference and explain the invariances of the Gender Equality Acts in the Philippines and Taiwan. In terms of similarity, both countries ensure a gender-fair nation to promote the common good. The difference between the two Acts is, for Taiwan has national legislated laws to protect the welfare and rights of LGBT Community; whereas, for the Philippines, gaps and limitations still exist due to a lack of a national framework, a lack of registration and support and funding, a lack of engagement with civil and religious societies, and a lack of access to LGBT-related information and invisibilizing LGBT issues. Thus, the study somehow mirrors the two countries which acceptance is pivotal that eventually illuminates the forces to create and support inequality, discrimination, oppression, and injustice, and in doing so, therefore, promotes the pursuit of sex and gender equality, liberty, justice and anti-discrimination towards a more diverse, tolerant, inclusive and democratic society

Research of Using Internet Sharing Economic Platform on Taiwanese Travelers Visiting Japan—A Case Study of Bonyo.com

[[abstract]]個人閒置資源共享是共享經濟平台的類型之一，網路世界的改變，其中影響最深遠的就是結合閒置資源的網路共享經濟模式，不僅能有效將未能全部利用的資產創造新價值，更成為刺激經濟成長動力的新消費模式。本研究以計畫行為理論（TPB）為基本架構，延伸探討台灣消費者在網路共享經濟平台購買赴日旅遊行程，其行為態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控度與重視閒置資源影響因素探討。研究結果發現對於消費者重視閒置資源而言，整體模型影響效果最大的因素是知覺行為控制（0.82），其次是行為態度（0.8）、再其次是主觀規範（0.77）、最後是行為意圖（0.64）。整體而言，三類型指標顯示本研究模型是一個配適度良好的模型。 The sharing of personal idle resources is one of the types of shared economic platforms. The most profound impact of the online world is the network sharing economic model that combines idle resources, which can not only effectively create new value for assets that are not fully utilized. It has become a new consumption model that stimulates economic growth. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study explores the ways in which Taiwanese consumers purchase travel packages to Japan on the Internet-sharing economic platform. Their behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, cognitive behavioral control and the factors affecting idle resources are discussed. The study found that for consumers to pay attention to idle resources, the biggest factor affecting the overall model is perceived behavior control (0.82), followed by behavioral attitude (0.8), followed by subjective norms (0.77), and finally behavioral intentions (0.64). Overall, the two types of indicators show that the research model is a well-matched model