Evaluasi Struktur Ginjal dan Eritrogram Itik Hibrida Setelah Pemberian Imbuhan Pakan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

Feeding hybrid ducks with low nutritional quality may cause growth and health disorders, such as changes in the kidney structure and erythrogram. Moringa leaf meal contained antioxidants and nutrients that had the potential to be used as a feed supplement to support the growth and health of hybrid ducks. The aim of this study was to evaluate feed inclusion of moringa leaf meal on the kidney structure and erythrogram of hybrid ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments, including K0 (feed without moringa leaf meal), K1, K2, and K3 were feed treatments with the addition of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% moringa leaf meal, respectively, each repeated 6 times. The measured variables of kidney structure included renal corpuscle diameter, renal corpuscle density, proximal tubule diameter, and distal tubule diameter. Erythrogram variables included erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Data were tested and analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level. The study results showed that moringa leaf meal supplements had no effect   (P > 0.05) on the kidney microstructure and erythrogram of hybrid ducks. The conclusion of this study was that moringa leaf meal supplements had the potential to maintain kidney structure and erythrogram, thus ensuring the healthy physiological status of ducks

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Salmonella sp. pada Usus Ayam yang Telah Diolah dengan Proses Marinasi dan Penumisan

Bakteri Salmonella sp. merupakan salah satu bakteri flora normal pada ayam yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit enteritis di manusia apabila terkonsumsi melalui bahan pangan, salah satunya usus ayam yang terkontaminasi. Adanya kontaminasi dapat dicegah melalui proses marinasi dan penumisan usus ayam. Namun demikian, bahan pangan yang telah diproses dan disimpan dalam waktu terlalu lama memiliki risiko kontaminasi kembali dari lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat pengaruh proses marinasi dan penumisan serta lama penyimpanan terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. yang berada di usus ayam. Sebanyak empat kelompok sampel usus ayam (mentah, marinasi, penumisan dengan lama penyimpanan 1 jam dan 6 jam) disiapkan dari tiga lokasi pasar yang berbeda. Setiap kelompok sampel kemudian dilakukan penanaman pada media MacConkey Agar (MCA) untuk dihitung jumlah koloninya serta dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi melalui pewarnaan gram, penanaman pada media Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA) dan Xylose-Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLDA), serta melalui uji biokimia. Hasil perhitungan bakteri menunjukkan bahwa proses marinasi dapat menurunkan jumlah bakteri pada usus ayam rata-rata sebesar 81,42%, sedangkan lama penyimpanan menyebabkan usus ayam terkontaminasi kembali. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa bakteri yang mengontaminasi usus ayam bukanlah Salmonella sp., melainkan bakteri Proteus sp. yang kemungkinan berasal dari usus ayam yang dicuci menggunakan air yang sudah terkontaminasi bakteri tersebut

Karakterisasi Gejala Klinis pada Kucing dengan Gangguan Gastrointestinal yang Disertai Leukopenia

Abstract               Gastrointestinal is one of the digestive system disorders in cats that can be characterized by leucopenia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical symptoms of cats with digestive disorders with leucopenia. This study used 30 cats of various breeds, ages, and genders that had symptoms of digestive disorders with leucopenia. All cats were physically and laboratory examined for hematology. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed 18/30 (60%) cats aged 1-6 months, 9/30 (30%) aged 7-12 months, and 3/30 cats (10%) aged >12 months, had gastrointestinal disorders with leucopenia. Leucopenia conditions were more common in male cats (53.3%) than female cats (46.7%). Cats with leucopenia, 10 (33.3%) with a leukocyte count <1,000 cells/mm3, 14 (46.7%) with a leukocyte count of 1,001-2,500 cells/mm3 and 6 (20%) with a leukocyte count of 2,501-<5,500 cells/mm3. Clinical symptoms found in this study included lethargy, anorexia, fever, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, halitosis, hypersalivation, anemia, lacrimation, epistaxis and jaundice. Concluded that gastrointestinal disorders with leucopenia were more common in young cats and male cats. Clinical symptoms of lethargy, anorexia, fever, dehydration, diarrhea and vomiting, can be used as a reference to determine the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders with leucopenia in cats. Key words:  cats; clinical sign; gastrointestinal; leucocyte

Variasi Karakter Resistensi Antibiotik Bakteri Penyebab Mastitis Subklinis pada Kambing Peranakan Ettawa di Yogyakarta

Salah satu penyakit yang sering dijumpai dalam budidaya kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) adalah mastitis. Beberapa bakteri patogen dapat menyebabkan mastitis diantaranya adalah Staphylococcus sp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., dan Streptococcus spp. Meningkatnya kejadian penyakit menyebabkan meningkatnya penggunaan antibiotik yang berakibat pada peningkatan potensi resistensi dan residu antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi karakter fenotipik resistensi bakteri penyebab mastitis yang diisolasi dari susu kambing PE yang mengalami mastitis subklinis terhadap berbagai golongan antibiotik yang umum dipakai petugas medis veteriner di wilayah Yogyakarta. Sebanyak 8 isolat diperoleh dari peternakan rakyat di wilayah kecamatan Kokap, Kulon Progo,, sedangkan 4 isolat diperoleh dari wilayah Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Dua belas isolat tersebut terdiri dari 3 jenis bakteri yang berbeda yaitu Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, dan Klebsiella sp. Berdasarkan hasil uji antibiogram diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola resistensi antibiotik antara isolat bakteri penyebab mastitis dari Kulon Progo dan Sleman. Ampicillin, penicillin G, tetracyclin, dan cefoxitin efektif digunakan untuk pengobatan mastitis di daerah Sleman, sedangkan di Kulon Progo gentamicyn, tetracyclin dan erythromycin adalah pilihan antibiotik yang efektif digunaka

DESAIN PRIMER BERDASARKAN GEN MT-12S rRNA UNTUK MENDETEKSI CEMARAN DAGING BABI PADA PRODUK OLAHAN ASAL DAGING SAPI DENGAN METODE MULTIPLEKS-PCR

The case of adulteration of pork in beef products, which causes fretfulness especially for muslims, is still found in Indonesia. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (Multiplex PCR) can help detecting the adulteration of pork in beef products. This method needs multiple specific primers to amplify several targeted DNA mixture in single step reaction. This study aimed to design specific primers that can be utilized to detect the adulteration of pork in beef products using Multiplex PCR method.Firstly, primers were designed in silico using bioinformatic tools which were MegAlign, Seqbuilder, and AmplifX. This design was based on mt-12s rRNA gene. The length of amplified fragment using the designed primers for cow was 91 bp, while the pig was 230 bp. Secondly, the designed primers were tested to amplify DNA of cow and pig from raw beef, pork, mixture of beef and pork, and twelve samples of their products (meatballs) to assess their ability to amplify targeted DNA spesifically.The result showed that the designed primers could amplify the targeted DNA specifically from raw beef, pork, mixture of both meat, and their products. Therefore, the designed primers evidently can be used to detect adulteration of pork in beef by Multiplex PCR method

Relationship between Postpartum Diseases and Success of First Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cattle

Ketosis, mastitis, metritis, and LDA are diseases that often occur during the first two weeks of lactation and cause significant economic loss. The relationships between ketosis, mastitis, metritis, LDA, and several combinations of diseases and the first artificial insemination were discussed. This study aimed to describe the effect of diseases diagnosed during the postpartum period on the success of artificial insemination. This study was conducted using an observational cross-sectional approach. A total of 341 data samples were obtained, which consisted of 103 cattle without disease, 107 cattle diagnosed with ketosis, 51 cattle diagnosed with metritis, 5 cattle diagnosed with LDA, 20 cattle diagnosed with a combination of ketosis and mastitis, 20 cattle diagnosed with a combination of ketosis and metritis, and 6 cattle diagnosed with a combination of mastitis and metritis. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate analysis and tested using the chi-square test. The P values for ketosis, mastitis, metritis, LDA, ketosis-mastitis, ketosis-metritis, and mastitis-metritis were 0.756, 0.099, 0.972, 0.261, 0.276, 0.276, and 0.450, respectively. This study suggested that a history of disease during the postpartum period did not significantly affect cattle first artificial insemination

Antibiotic Resistance Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy Cattle and Pet Animals

Antibiotics play a significant role in controlling bacterial infection, however, will no longer be effective because of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Staphylococcus aureus has become resistant to various antibiotics, so detecting and analyzing genes encoding antibiotic resistance traits is important. This research aims to identify phenotypically, antibiotic sensitivity, and detect antibiotic-resistant genes in S. aureus isolated from dairy cattle and pet animals. Samples from dairy farms in Boyolali total of 30 samples and 62 samples of pet animals in Yogyakarta and Semarang were used. Phenotypic and genotypic identification results based on 23S rRNA and nuc genes showed 80% (24/30) dairy milk samples and 19,35% (12/62) pet animal samples were S. aureus positive. Based on antibiotic susceptibility test, dairy milk S. aureus isolates are resistant to penicillin G (50%), oxacillin (25%), tetracycline (21%), ampicillin (17%), gentamicin, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin (13%), clindamycin (4%), and still sensitive to erythromycin (100%). Pet animal S. aureus isolates showed resistance to oxacillin and erythromycin (13,3%), tetracycline, penicillin G, and clindamycin (6,67%), but still sensitive to gentamicin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin (100%). These results showed S. aureus dairy milk and pet animal isolates phenotypically have resistance almost 50% to various antibiotics but are still sensitive to erythromycin. The result of this research indicated there are majority of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in dairy milk and pet animals threaten public health. These results can be used as a basic strategy for controlling and preventing multidrug resistance in S. aureus

Physical and Microbiological Milk Quality of Ettawa Crossbreed Goats In Sempu District, Banyuwangi

This study is to evaluate the quality of milk generated by Ettawa crossbreed goats in Sempu District, Banyuwangi. A total of 30 raw milk samples were collected from Ettawa crossbreed goats, aged 3 to 4 years, across 6 different farms. The organoleptic testing method was employed to evaluate the physical properties of milk samples. Furthermore, tests for specific gravity and pH were conducted. Subsequently, the Total Plate Count (TPC) and Most Probable Number (MPN) methods were utilized to evaluate bacterial presence. The organoleptic evaluations validate that the goat's milk samples adhere to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-3141-2011 and the Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS) 6006-2008. The mean specific gravity of goat's milk is 1.0316 g/mL, whereas the average pH value is 6.45. The findings indicate that the specific gravity meets the criteria set out by the TAS 6006-2008. The pH value of 6.45 is below the threshold established by TAS. The mean TPC result complies with the Standard Limit SNI, which is under 1x10⁶ CFU/mL. Coliform levels in the milk samples adhere to SNI requirements (below 1 x 10² CFU/mL). The statistics indicate that the milk from the Ettawa crossbreed in Sempu District, Banyuwangi, satisfies the minimal standards set by TAS (2008) and SNI 7388-2009. Despite coliform levels conforming to the average standard, this examination indicated the presence of coliforms in multiple farms. Therefore, it is essential to provide heat treatment or pasteurization to the milk before its ingestion by the general populace

Laporan Kasus: Suspek Hidronefrosis akibat Tumor Prostat pada Anjing di Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan (RSHP) Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis (SKHB) IPB University

Seekor anjing jantan ras domestik berumur 16 tahun dibawa ke Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan (RSHP), Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis (SKHB), IPB University. Pasien datang dengan keluhan tidak mau makan hingga dua hari, berdiri dan jalan tidak stabil, muntah, nistagmus, dan sempat jatuh terguling. Pemeriksaan fisik palpasi abdomen menunjukkan adanya pembesaran serta nyeri pada kelenjar prostat. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang hematologi, anjing menunjukkan penurunan jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, trombosit, dan PCT. Hasil pemeriksaan kimia darah menunjukkan penurunan kadar SGOT serta peningkatan kadar BUN dan kreatinin. Hasil pemeriksaan USG menunjukkan adanya formasi kristal pada pyelum ginjal kiri, perubahan batas antara korteks dengan medula dan atrofi ginjal kanan, peningkatan ketebalan vesika urinaria, serta perubahan ekogenitas parenkim dan ukuran prostat. Hasil pemeriksaan radiografi menunjukkan adanya pembesaran pada prostat dan preputium. Hasil pemeriksaan urinalisis menunjukkan peningkatan UPC serta adanya protein, darah, kreatinin, dan leukosit. Kasus ini memiliki diagnosa banding yaitu hidronefrosis, tumor prostat, prostatitis, dan neuron injury dengan prognosis infausta. Penanganan pada kasus ini dilakukan dengan pemberian terapi berupa infus asering, suplemen, bronkodilatator, diuretik, serta antiemetik. 

Literatur Review: Analisis Risiko, Peneguhan Diagnosa dan Evaluasi pada Feline Panleukopenia Virus

Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) merupakan penyakit infeksius yang dapat menginfeksi hewanFamili Felidae khususnya kucing. Virus ini mempunyai tingkat mortalitas dan morbiditas yang sangat tinggi terlebih pada kucing yang belum divaksinasi. Literatur review ini membahas tentang analisis risiko berbagai metode yang umum digunakan untuk membantu peneguhan diagnosis dan evaluasi yang dapat dilakukan pada penderita FPV. Metodeyang digunakan adalah studi literatur yaitu dengan mengumpulkan dan merangkum jurnal-jurnal dengan topik relevan yang ditelusuri dari Google Scholar, NCBI, Library Genesis, PubMed, Science Direct dan Europe PMC. Berdasarkan penelitian, didapatkan hasil diantaranya bahwa FPV akan menunjukkan gejala klinis yang beragam mulai dari subklinis, akut, hingga perakut. Vaksinasi merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi infeksi FPV. Metode yang umum dilakukan untuk membantu peneguhan diagnosis antara lain imunokromatografi; hematologi dan biokimia; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); ELISA; dan histopatologi. Evaluasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk penderita FPV yaitu berupa upaya preventif dan suportif