Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic

The digital transformation driven by Industry 4.0 relies on networks that support diverse traffic types with strict deterministic end-to-end latency and mobility requirements. To meet these requirements, future industrial automation networks will use time-sensitive networking, integrating 5G as wireless access points to connect production lines with time-sensitive networking bridges and the enterprise edge cloud. However, achieving deterministic end-to-end latency remains a challenge, particularly due to the variable packet transmission delay introduced by the 5G system. While time-sensitive networking bridges typically operate with latencies in the range of hundreds of microseconds, 5 G systems may experience delays ranging from a few to several hundred milliseconds. This paper investigates the potential of configuring the 5 G time division duplex pattern to minimize packet transmission delay in industrial environments. Through empirical measurements using a commercial 5G system, we evaluate different TDD configurations under varying traffic loads, packet sizes and full buffer status report activation. Based on our findings, we provide practical configuration recommendations for satisfying requirements in industrial automation, helping private network providers increase the adoption of 5G

High-fidelity Cas9-mediated targeting of KRAS driver mutations restrains lung cancer in preclinical models

Missense mutations in the 12th codon of KRAS are key drivers of lung cancer, with glycine-to-cysteine (G12C) and glycine-to-aspartic acid (G12D) substitutions being among the most prevalent. These mutations are strongly associated with poor survival outcomes. Given the critical role of KRAS in lung cancer and other cancers, it remains as a major target for the development of new and complementary treatments. We have developed a CRISPR-High Fidelity (HiFi)-Cas9-based therapy strategy that can effectively and specifically target KRASG12C and KRASG12D mutants, avoiding KRASWT off-targeting and affecting KRAS downstream pathways, thereby significantly reducing tumorgenicity. The delivery of HiFiCas9 components via ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) and adenovirus (AdV) effectively abrogates cell viability in KRAS-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) preclinical models, including 2D and 3D cell cultures, cell-derived xenografts (CDX), and patient-derived xenograft organoids (PDXO). Our in vitro studies demonstrate that HiFiCas9-based therapy achieves superior KRAS inhibition compared to Sotorasib and effectively circumvents certain resistance mechanisms associated with Sotorasib treatment. Moreover, in vivo delivery using adenoviral particles significantly suppresses tumor growth in preclinical NSCLC models. Collectively, our findings establish HiFiCas9 as an effective therapeutic strategy with promising clinical applications, especially if in vivo delivery methods are further optimized.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 - ERDF (PID2021-126111OB-I00, PID2024-159252OB-I00)Spanish Association Against Cancer (LAB-AECC-2018; PROYE18012ROSE)Junta de Andalucía (PI-0203-2022, PI-0228-2024)University of Granada (B-CTS480-UGR20, C-EXP-051-UGR23, C-CTS-149-UGR23)Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MSCA-IF-EF-RI 837897)Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (FPU17/01258, FPU17/00067, FPU19/00576)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI22/01221)CIBERONC (CB16/12/00350

Gamification and Geotechnologies for university teaching on Socio-Environmental Risks

Juan José Garcés-Gálvez – University of Santiago of Chile, Chile - 0000-0002-4801-3885Marcos Medina-Tapia – Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain - 0000-0002-3961-5075Ignacio Yáñez-Henríquez – University of Santiago of Chile, Chile – Esri Chile - 0009-0006-0360-1559Recepción: 10.11.2025 | Aceptado: 20.11.2025Correspondencia a través de ORCID: Marcos Medina-Tapia - 0000-0002-3961-5075Área o categoría del conocimiento: Innovative Strategies for Active Learning in Higher EducationGamification has emerged in higher education as an effective pedagogical tool to improve student engagement. This study evaluates the effects of a gamified activity to improve the teaching and learning process by developing solutions for territorial and environmental issues. The activity was carried out during the University Fair Expo USACH 2025 with prospective university students interested in the Civil Engineering in Territory and Environment degree. The activity was developed within a geospatial environment based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) consisting of an interactive simulation where participants piloted a virtual drone to explore sea-flood scenarios in Valparaíso city, Chile, such as a tsunami, identify safe zones, and propose relocation strategies. The results show significant effectiveness, with 93.8% of participants reporting high motivation, and all students showed comprehension of complex geotechnological concepts, such as spatial analysis, layer superposition, and risk management. Moreover, qualitative findings revealed high satisfaction (93.8%) and a clear interest in broadening the thematic focus. Therefore, the study tests gamification as an innovative methodology for teaching geotechnologies, capable of overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches and fostering experiential learning about abstract concepts related to climate change and disaster risk.Polytechnic University of CataloniaUniversity of Santiago of Chil

Legal Foundations for a European Digital Certificate for the Protection of Unaccompanied Foreign Children in the Context of Asylum

La protección de la infancia extranjera no acompañada solicitante de asilo en el espacio europeo plantea desafíos jurídicos diversos, derivados de la movilidad transfronteriza, la complejidad normativa y la ausencia de mecanismos comunes eficaces en el seno de la UE. El presente estudio propone la creación de un certificado digital europeo que permita dotar de eficacia transfronteriza a las medidas de protección adoptadas en favor de estos menores, con el objetivo de reforzar la cooperación entre autoridades nacionales y garantizar la continuidad de dichas medidas en caso de traslado del menor a otro Estado miembro, contribuyendo de este modo al fortalecimiento de la seguridad jurídica. A partir del análisis del marco normativo vigente, en particular, el Convenio de La Haya de 1996 sobre protección de menores (CLH 1996), el Reglamento (UE) 2019/1111 y otros instrumentos europeos sobre asilo, se identifican las principales deficiencias de coordinación existentes y se articula una propuesta de mejora basada en el diseño de un modelo de certificación electrónica interoperable, que respete plenamente tanto el principio del interés superior del menor, además de las exigencias de la normativa europea en materia de protección de datos personales y de las actuales estrategias de digitalización de la UE. Palabras clave: menores no acompañados, protección internacional, traslado transfronterizo, reconocimiento de medidas, certificado digital europeo, cooperación entre autoridades.The protection of unaccompanied foreign minors seeking asylum within the European area raises complex legal challenges stemming from cross-border mobility, regulatory diversity, and the absence of effective common mechanisms within the EU. This study proposes the creation of a European digital certificate designed to confer cross-border effectiveness to the protection measures adopted in favor of these minors, with the aim of strengthening cooperation between national authorities and ensuring the continuity of such measures in the event of the child’s transfer to another Member State. In doing so, it seeks to enhance legal certainty within the EU framework. Building on an analysis of the existing legal framework, particularly the 1996 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children (HC 1996), Regulation (EU) 2019/1111, and other European asylum instruments, the study identifies the main shortcomings in current coordination mechanisms and puts forward a proposal for improvement. This proposal is based on the design of an interoperable electronic certification model that fully respects both the principle of the best interests of the child and the requirements of EU legislation on personal data protection, as well as the Union’s current digitalization strategies.Grupo de investigación SEJ 17

Estudio sobre el uso de anotaciones multimedia y etiquetado social aplicado al campo del Prácticum

En los últimos años, dentro del campo de la formación del profesorado, se ha producido un incremento en los estudios e investigaciones que se vienen realizando, a nivel nacional e internacional, sobre análisis de vídeos digitales a través de herramientas de etiquetado social. Las nuevas posibilidades que ofrecen las tecnologías emergentes de anotaciones multimedia, entre ellas, las anotaciones de vídeo, lo han hecho posible, atrayendo el interés de numerosos investigadores. La metodología de anotaciones multimedia (MAM) a través de plataformas tecnológicas se presenta hoy en día como una metodología emergente e innovadora que posibilita un uso más activo e interactivo de los vídeos educativos. El presente estudio se enmarca en esta reciente línea de trabajo. En concreto, se analiza MAM aplicada a un recurso generado dentro del proyecto de investigación titulado documentos personales: el e-diario de los actores del Prácticum y Prácticas externas, enmarcado en la RedTICPraxis y coordinado por la UnEd. El recurso digital es analizado por miembros de la Red mediante anotaciones y etiquetas utilizando una de las plataformas tecnológicas más potentes en la actualidad. El etiquetado social producido en torno a las vídeo anotaciones ha sido analizado cuantitativa y cualitativamente acorde a las recomendaciones de expertos en este tipo de análisis científico.In recent years, within the field of teacher training, there has been an increase in studies and research being carried out on the analysis of digital videos through social tagging tools at both national and international scales. new possibilities offered by emerging multimedia annotation technologies, including video annotation, have made this possible, attracting the interest of many researchers. The multimedia annotation methodology (MAM) through technological platforms is presented as an emerging and innovative methodology today. It enables a more active and interactive use of educational videos. This study is part of this recent line of work. Specifically, MAM is analyzed applied to a resource generated within the research project entitled Personal documents: the e-diary of the actors of the Practicum and External Practices, framed in the RedTICPraxis and coordinated by the UnEd. The video experience is analysed by members of the network through annotations and tags using one of the most powerful technological platforms today. The social tagging produced around the video annotations has been quantitatively and qualitatively analysed according to the recommendations of experts in this type of scientific analysis.Esta investigación se ha realizado dentro de la RedTICPraxis (REPPE) y en el marco del Proyecto de Innovación docente “Los documentos personales de los actores del Prácticum y Prácticas externas: e-diarios” (Convocatoria 2022-2023), financiado por el Vicerrectorado de Metodología e Innovación y el Instituto Universitario de Educación a Distancia de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)

Surveying El Argar, Almeria, Spain: prehistoric settlement patterns and social processes

An intensive archaeological surface survey of the El Argar site and its hinterland has provided new information for the discussion of early sociopolitical complexity in the western Mediterranean. This article presents the preliminary interpretation of a long-term settlement pattern, particularly in the Bronze Age.British Academy (SRG18R1\181131

XMapsLab: a program for the creation and study of maps for Cultural Heritage

The creation of maps through the application of techniques such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, multispectral analysis, ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR) radiation has become critical in the domain of Cultural Heritage for the analysis of materials. Limitations in data acquisition, particularly with more cost-effective and accessible devices, often restrict measurements to a sparse number of locations. This necessitates the employment of interpolation methods to extrapolate values for the unmeasured positions within the image. This paper introduces XMapsLab a software solution designed to facilitate the generation and examination of maps. XMapsLab utilizes GPU-optimized versions of interpolation methods, achieving speed enhancements ranging from one to two orders of magnitude. Such improvements markedly expand the capabilities of professionals to engage with and analyze data in real-time. Additionally, the software incorporates various interpolation methods, enhancing the robustness of the results and bolstering the confidence of experts in their conclusions. The real-time functionality of XMapsLab enables the development of new procedures for exploring hypotheses regarding the presence and distribution of pigments. This includes the integration of boolean and numerical operations for map combination, allowing users to investigate hypotheses and conditions in a direct, potent, and intuitive manner. The software developed is freely available and open-source, underscoring our commitment to supporting the broader Cultural Heritage community

How do economic growth and unemployment affect green development in Latin America nations?

This study was supported by the Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.24AZZ006) and the Projects of the Foundation of China Scholarship Council (No. 2024CSC44).Despite mounting environmental pressures, the complex interplay between economic dynamics and environmental sustainability in Latin American nations remains insufficiently explored, particularly regarding how economic growth and unemployment influence green development initiatives. This study investigates these relationships using an integrated analytical framework. Drawing on data from 28 Latin American countries spanning 2005–2022, our analysis employs two-way fixed-effects, mediated-effects, and moderated-effects models to reveal several key insights. The results demonstrate that economic growth substantially promotes green development through enhanced technological innovation, whereas rising unemployment impedes environmental progress by undermining social stability. Notably, entrepreneurial activity amplifies the positive impact of economic growth on green development and mitigates the adverse effects of unemployment. The study further reveals asymmetric effects: economic growth exhibits stronger positive influences in economically advanced nations, while unemployment poses more significant barriers to green development in less developed economies. These findings contribute to understanding how socioeconomic factors shape environmental outcomes in developing regions and offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to balance economic prosperity with environmental sustainability.National Social Science Foundation of China (No.24AZZ006)Foundation of China Scholarship Council (No. 2024CSC44

Blood Plasma, Fibrinogen or Fibrin Biomaterial for the Manufacturing of Skin Tissue-Engineered Products and Other Dermatological Treatments: A Systematic Review

This review has been funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI17/02083 (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe”) and by the Regional Government of Andalusia (PIGE-0242-2019). The work of Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (BOE 05/01/2018) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (co-funded by European Social Fund “Investing in your future”) with the dossier number FI18/00269. This study is part of his doctoral research in the Biomedicine program of the University of Granada (Spain).Supplementary Materials. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/jfb16030079/s1The use of blood plasma, fibrinogen or fibrin, a natural biomaterial, has been widely studied for the development of different skin tissue-engineered products and other dermatological treatments. This systematic review reports the preclinical and clinical studies which use it alone or combined with other biomaterials and/or cells for the treatment of several dermatological conditions. Following the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, 147 preclinical studies have revealed that the use of this biomaterial as a wound dressing or as a monolayer (one cell type) skin substitute are the preferred strategies, mainly for the treatment of excisional or surgical wounds. Moreover, blood plasma is mainly used alone although its combination with other biomaterials such as agarose, polyethylene glycol or collagen has also been reported to increase its wound healing potential. However, most of the 17 clinical reviewed evaluated its use for the treatment of severely burned patients as a wound dressing or bilayer (two cell types) skin substitute. Although the number of preclinical studies evaluating the use of blood plasma as a dermatological treatment has increased during the last fifteen years, this has not been correlated with a wide variety of clinical studies. Its safety and wound healing potential have been proved; however, the lack of a standard model and the presence of several approaches have meant that its translation to a clinical environment is still limited. A higher number of clinical studies should be carried out in the coming years to set a standard wound healing strategy for each dermatological disease.European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe”Regional Government of Andalusia (PIGE-0242-2019)European Social Fund “Investing in your future”Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI17/02083, FI18/00269University of Granada (Spain

Playing for breath: How particulate pollution affects cardiorespiratory performance in youth soccer under the “cleaner air, better game” initiative

This research was financed by the research projects program of the “Instituto Estudios Giennenses en el área de conocimiento Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología” (Diputación provincial de Jáen, España). Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva de la Universidad de Granada.The UEFA campaign “Cleaner Air, Better Game” initiated in 2021 highlights the detrimental effects of particulate pollution on cardiorespiratory fitness and overall performance in soccer players. This study examined variations in maximal oxygen uptake ( ˙VO2max) among 92 young soccer players from two villages with differing pollution levels. Utilizing a longitudinal design with pre- and post-exposure measurements, participants were divided into an experimental group (EG, n=46) from a polluted area and a control group (CG, n=46) from a cleaner environment. Evaluations were conducted using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test to determine ˙VO2max. The EG exhibited a significant improvement of 12.35% in ˙VO2max compared to 1.97% in the CG, with statistical significance at p < 0.001. Initial ˙VO2max levels were lower in the EG (t=2.589; p < 0.05), but post-test values surpassed those of the CG (t=-3.380; p < 0.01). These findings suggest that high particulate pollution adversely impacts ˙VO2max in young soccer players. Future research should explore longterm effects of air quality on athletic performance and develop strategies to mitigate pollution exposure during training.Diputación provincial de Jaén, EspañaUniversidad de Granad