Blood Plasma, Fibrinogen or Fibrin Biomaterial for the Manufacturing of Skin Tissue-Engineered Products and Other Dermatological Treatments: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This review has been funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI17/02083 (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe”) and by the Regional Government of Andalusia (PIGE-0242-2019). The work of Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (BOE 05/01/2018) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (co-funded by European Social Fund “Investing in your future”) with the dossier number FI18/00269. This study is part of his doctoral research in the Biomedicine program of the University of Granada (Spain).Supplementary Materials. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/jfb16030079/s1The use of blood plasma, fibrinogen or fibrin, a natural biomaterial, has been widely studied for the development of different skin tissue-engineered products and other dermatological treatments. This systematic review reports the preclinical and clinical studies which use it alone or combined with other biomaterials and/or cells for the treatment of several dermatological conditions. Following the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, 147 preclinical studies have revealed that the use of this biomaterial as a wound dressing or as a monolayer (one cell type) skin substitute are the preferred strategies, mainly for the treatment of excisional or surgical wounds. Moreover, blood plasma is mainly used alone although its combination with other biomaterials such as agarose, polyethylene glycol or collagen has also been reported to increase its wound healing potential. However, most of the 17 clinical reviewed evaluated its use for the treatment of severely burned patients as a wound dressing or bilayer (two cell types) skin substitute. Although the number of preclinical studies evaluating the use of blood plasma as a dermatological treatment has increased during the last fifteen years, this has not been correlated with a wide variety of clinical studies. Its safety and wound healing potential have been proved; however, the lack of a standard model and the presence of several approaches have meant that its translation to a clinical environment is still limited. A higher number of clinical studies should be carried out in the coming years to set a standard wound healing strategy for each dermatological disease.European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe”Regional Government of Andalusia (PIGE-0242-2019)European Social Fund “Investing in your future”Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI17/02083, FI18/00269University of Granada (Spain