The dynamic ethylene adsorption on carbon xerogels as a three-way game between porosity, surface chemistry and humidity

Novel carbon xerogels doped with heteroatoms (O, N, S) were prepared by sol–gel polymerization of resorcinol with heterocyclic aldehydes containing them. All doped materials presented higher O-contents than the reference material prepared with formaldehyde, and significant S- or N-loadings in the corresponding samples. Carbon xerogels were micro-mesoporous and N-doping favoured the formation of mesopores. Their efficiency in the dynamic ethylene adsorption is presented as an interplay between porosity, surface chemistry and humidity. The surface hydrophilicity was also studied by water adsorption assays, a quick adsorption being favoured in microporous samples with hydrophilic O-groups. Breakthrough curves for ethylene adsorption were recorded in both dry and humid conditions and analysed according to the mass transference zone (MTZ). The material behaviour was correlated with the physicochemical properties, elucitating the mechanism of the simultaneous water/ethylene adsorption. The adsorption capacity depended linearly on the microporous characteristics of samples; however, MTZ parameters (efficiency of the column) varied linearly with the electronegativity of the dopant element. Both doping and humidity in the stream hindered the ethylene adsorption kinetic and capacity (up to 33% for N-doped material under humidity compared to undoped-material under dry conditions), due to reduced adsorbate-adsorbent interactions and the accessibility into narrow pores.Project PCI2020-112045 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR, as part of the PRIMA Programme (Nano4Fresh project).MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro” for a Ramon y Cajal research contract (RYC-2019-026634-I

Artificial intelligence applications in the teaching and learning of Spanish-Arabic translation

Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha experimentado un auge sin precedentes en los últimos años, impulsando avances en diversos campos, incluida la traducción y la interpretación (TeI) español-árabe. Metodología: Se ofrece una revisión cronológica del desarrollo de la IA y su influencia en la práctica profesional y formación de traductores en las últimas décadas, con especial énfasis en la aparición de la traducción neuronal. Asimismo, se analizan desde un enfoque observacional-descriptivo las aplicaciones propuestas en el marco de la asignatura Traducción español-árabe, la recepción de los ejercicios de traducción asistida con IA y la retroalimentación del alumnado participante. Resultados: Se recoge información valiosa por dos fuentes principales: la observación del docente y la retroalimentación del alumnado participante. Discusión: Se discute la información recopilada, con pros y contras la IA aplicada a la traducción, en línea con los objetivos que se pretendía alcanzar en el aula de traducción español-árabe. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la IA, aplicada de forma crítica y controlada, aporta beneficios para la formación de traductores y permite un progreso más rápido, economizando el tiempo invertido y facilitando la adquisición de destrezas. Sin embargo, del estudio se desprenden otras conclusiones que desaconsejan su uso descontrolado.Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced an unprecedented boom in recent years, driving advances in various fields, including Spanish-Arabic translation and interpreting (T&I). Methodology: A chronological review of the development of AI and its influence on professional practice and translators’ training in recent decades is offered, with special emphasis on the emergence of neural translation. In addition, an observational-descriptive approach is used to analyze the applications proposed within the framework of the subject Spanish-Arabic Translation, the reception of the AI-assisted translation exercises and the feedback from the participating students. Results: Valuable information is collected from two main sources: teacher observation and students’ feedback. Discussion: The information gathered is discussed, with pros and cons of AI applied to translation, in line with the objectives that were intended to be achieved in the Spanish-Arabic translation classroom. Conclusions: It is concluded that AI, applied in a critical and controlled way, brings benefits for translator training and allows for faster progress, saving time invested and facilitating skill acquisition. However, the study also leads to other conclusions that advise against its uncontrolled use

Evidence on the effectiveness of a gamified intervention for gambling prevention problems in vocational training and university students

The expansion of gambling has raised public health concerns due to its association with increased gamblingrelated problems. Structural characteristics of gambling products, including games design and marketing strategies, play a central role in driving greater engagement in gambling activities. This study tests the efficacy of a preventive intervention approach that promotes critical thinking by revealing deceptive design and advertising strategies, moving beyond a responsible gambling framework. A total of 395 university and vocational students were randomly assigned to either an experimental or active control intervention. Both interventions included the same content but with different methodologies. The experimental group participated in interactive activities, including games and structured group discussions. The control group received the same information through a lecture. Behavioral outcomes were measured before the intervention and at one-month follow-up, while cognitive and affective outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention and at one month follow-up. Group-by-time interactions were analyzed using ANOVAs, with Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) used as a complementary robustness test. Both interventions led to improvements over time. However, the interactive format produced significantly greater reductions in gambling severity and harm, as confirmed by both ANOVAs and GLMMs analyses. While ANOVAs also suggested additional effects on betting amount, gambling misconceptions, and increased negative attitudes toward gambling, these results were not consistently supported by the GLMMs and should be interpreted cautiously. A single 50-minute interactive preventive intervention in educational settings can foster meaningful protective changes in gambling behavior among young people. This approach shows promise as an effective preventive strategy to reduce gambling-related harms.Agencia Española de Investigación - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-116535GB-I00)Madrid Salud – Servicio de Prevención de Adiccione

Material Vulnerability: Analytical Approaches to the Identification and Characterization of Alterations and Deterioration Processes in Translucent Paper

Research in the field of cultural heritage has grown due to the need to preserve cultural assets that serve as witnesses to history and culture. In conservation and restoration, research on traditional papers is extensive, but translucent papers have received less attention. These documents, of proteinaceous, cellulosic, or synthetic origin, achieve transparency through processes that modify their structure, which makes them more vulnerable to aging. Their degradation is aggravated by inadequate storage and handling, posing challenges because they do not respond well to conventional treatments. This study analyzes these issues using documents from the late nineteenth and primarily the twentieth century, sourced from the Provincial Historical Archive of Granada and the Archive of the Higher Technical School of Architecture in Granada. Through visual, photographic, and bibliographic study, a theoretical and graphic catalogue of the most significant deteriorations has been developed. Concurrently, a physicochemical analysis was applied using techniques such as colorimetry, X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These tools make it possible to relate the material composition of the documents to their state of preservation. This work provides deeper knowledge about the degradation mechanisms of these supports and lays the foundations for the development of specific restoration strategies for this documentary typology.University of Granada (Proyecto I+D+I PP2024.PP-02)Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (Proyecto de Generación del Conocimiento I+D PID2022.142431NB.100

Towards Climate-Just and Sustainable Schools: Developing the Level(s)+37 Passive Design Framework

This study presents the Level(s)+37 Framework, a decision-support tool consisting of 37 indicators designed to evaluate and enhance passive design performance, social equity, and climate resilience in primary and secondary schools. Aligned with the six macroobjectives of the European Level(s) scheme, the indicators are organised into seven thematic clusters—thermal comfort, indoor air quality, solar control and daylighting, environmental ergonomics, ecological sustainability and circular economy, climate justice and social equity, and educational value with stakeholder participation—covering all life-cycle stages from design to retrofit. The framework was developed through a six-phase mixed-methods protocol, including a systematic review of 210 scientific and regulatory sources, 24 semistructured interviews with school stakeholders, and a Delphi–AHP involving 170 experts. The resulting hierarchy of indicators (CI < 0.10; Kendall’s W = 0.78) ensures methodological robustness and contextual relevance for the Spanish school building stock. By integrating environmental, technical, and pedagogical dimensions, the Level(s)+37 Framework serves as both an evaluation tool and a catalyst for sustainable transformation, promoting participatory governance and climate-responsive learning environments.BBVA Foundation (Project Reference: LEO24-2-16213-ING-ING-288)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 - European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (Project FJC2021-014411-I

Exogenous spatial attention selects associated novel bindings in working memory

Real-world environments are complex, demanding a diverse set of cognitive functions such as attention and working memory (WM) to perform adaptive behaviors. However, exogenous attention, characterized as automatic and involuntary, has primarily been studied by focusing on spatial perception. In particular, the ability of pure exogenous retro-cues to select and prioritize not only spatial locations, but also novel stimulus–response (S-R) bindings held in WM remains largely unexplored. Here, in two experimental series, we provide evidence that pure exogenous non-predictive retro-cues can select not only space, but also associated S-R bindings held in WM. Additional evidence from a drift–diffusion model hinted at the possibility that the mechanisms through which exogenous attention selects and prioritizes WM contents depend, at least partially, on the hierarchical relevance of the different dimensions encoded within a specific representation. These results highlight the relationship between pure exogenous attention and complex WM contents and shed light on current theoretical debates about the interaction of attention, memory, and action

El español de Colombia y Venezuela

El presente capítulo revisa las características más destacadas el español de Colombia y de Venezuela. Tras presentar los rasgos diferenciadores de cada país y ofrecer una descripción específica de la pronunciación, la gramática y el léxico, se ofrecen unos ejercicios de aplicación y unas preguntas de ampliación y reflexión, con la finalidad de consolidar el conocimiento sobre estas variedades y las fuentes de estudio.This chapter reviews the most salient features of Colombian and Venezuelan Spanish. After presenting the differentiating features of each country and offering a specific description of pronunciation, grammar and lexicon, some application exercises and extension and reflection questions are offered, with the aim of o consolidate knowledge about these varieties and study sources

Evaluating Resilience and Thermal Comfort in Mediterranean Dwellings: A Level(s) Framework Approach

This research was supported by Grant FJC2921-014411-I, supported by the project PID2021-124539OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, project TED2021-129347B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. It was conducted under the Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract awarded to Carmen Díaz-López at the University of Seville (contract reference US-23442-M). Additionally, this study is part of the I + D+I Project (PAIDI 2020) titled “Neighbourhood Cooperatives of Older People for Active Ageing in Place: Implications for Reducing Loneliness in Large Cities” (PY20_00411), funded by the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía.The construction sector plays a pivotal role in urban development, providing a critical opportunity to foster a cultural shift towards the regeneration of housing stock. This shift focuses on sustainable and resilient urban interventions to extend the lifespan of buildings, starting from the design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Level(s) framework, which establishes sustainability indicators, is particularly relevant to this research, as it promotes circular economy principles and building resilience. The framework provides a comprehensive set of indicators that guide resilient housing rehabilitation methodologies. Indicator 2.3 supports the design and renovation of obsolete housing, emphasizing the maximization of resilience against climatic, functional, and socio-economic impacts. Meanwhile, Indicator 4.2 evaluates the thermal comfort of building occupants concerning indoor conditions throughout the year. The primary aim of this study is to develop a resilient housing rehabilitation methodology based on Level(s), which includes (i) assessing the current resilience of a pilot case, (ii) designing new resilient housing configurations, (iii) evaluating thermal comfort duration for older adults, and (iv) analyzing cost amortization. The research findings indicate that the proposed rehabilitation approach significantly improves occupants’ resilience to climate-related stressors and thermal comfort, particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of adapting thermal comfort standards for these populations and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of resilience strategies. The outcomes contribute to a flexible and accessible refurbishment model that meets diverse tenant needs, offering a scalable solution for sustainable urban interventions.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 FJC2921-014411-I, PID2021-124539OB-I00“ERDF A way of making Europe”“European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR” TED2021-129347B-C21Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral, University of Seville US-23442-MJunta de Andalucía (PY20_00411

New cultural consumption. From museums to screens

Escribir sobre los nuevos consumos culturales no es nada novedoso en las ciencias sociales, pero es interesante presentar un texto donde se describan los más novedosos en la actualidad, desde los avances de las TIC, y cómo han ido evolucionando los consumos clásicos. Un mapa que sitúe a las sociedades modernas ante el consumo, como factor imprescindible para comprender el capitalismo actual (control mundial desde unos pocos holdings) y el consumismo al que nos aboca, y como una parte fundamental de este consumo/consumismo, nos encontramos con el uso que hacemos de los bienes culturales, nuevos y tradicionales. En este ámbito de globalización, ¿puede el ser humano abstraerse del uso y consumo masivo de bienes culturales? A modo de respuesta, el texto dibuja el extenso panorama de estos consumos, dando cifras mundiales de consumidores y la generación de ingresos y gastos que estos conllevan.Writing about new cultural consumption is not a novel topic within social sciences, but it is interesting to present a text that describes the most recent forms of consumption today, particularly with the advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and how traditional forms of cultural consumption have evolved. This means to draw a map that situates modern societies in relation to its cultural consumption, as an essential factor for understanding contemporary capitalism (global control by a few large conglomerates) and the consumerism to which it leads us. Moreover, as a fundamental part of this consumerism, this paper aims to present the use we make of both traditional and new cultural goods. In this realm of globalization: can human beings detach themselves from the massive use and consumption of cultural goods? In response, the text outlines the broad landscape of these consumptions, providing global figures on consumers and the generation of income and expenditures they entail.Grupo de investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Antropología, Geografía e Historia. Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de Filosofía II. Universidad de Granada