The Performance of Missing Transverse Momentum Reconstruction and Its Significance with the ATLAS Detector Using 140 fb-1 of S=13 TeV pp Collisions

This paper presents the reconstruction of missing transverse momentum (pTmiss) in proton–proton collisions, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. This is a challenging task involving many detector inputs, combining fully calibrated electrons, muons, photons, hadronically decaying τ-leptons, hadronic jets, and soft activity from remaining tracks. Possible double counting of momentum is avoided by applying a signal ambiguity resolution procedure which rejects detector inputs that have already been used. Several pTmiss ‘working points’ are defined with varying stringency of selections, the tightest improving the resolution at high pile-up by up to 39% compared to the loosest. The pTmiss performance is evaluated using data and Monte Carlo simulation, with an emphasis on understanding the impact of pile-up, primarily using events consistent with leptonic Z decays. The studies use 140fb-1 of data, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018. The results demonstrate that pTmiss reconstruction, and its associated significance, are well understood and reliably modelled by simulation. Finally, the systematic uncertainties on the soft pTmiss component are calculated. After various improvements the scale and resolution uncertainties are reduced by up to 76% and 51%, respectively, compared to the previous calculation at a lower luminosity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved

3 Boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları Temelli Algoritmik Alım Satım Sistemi

Isik UniversityArtificial neural networks are widely used in financial forecasting models. Although the most preferred model is LSTM, some studies based on CNN can also be found. In this study, the developed CNN model applies the convolution operation on three-dimensional data with a different approach. During data preparation, 18 different technical analysis indicators were selected. These indicators were calculated based on 20 different values, corresponding to periods ranging from 5 to 25 for each day. The resulting two-dimensional daily data was augmented with 20 days of past values, forming datasets of size 18 × 20 × 20 for each day. The data was labeled with Buy, Sell, and Hold classes. Based on the model's outputs, trading activities conducted over 750 trading days between 2022 and 2024 on Dow30 stocks and selected exchange-traded funds achieved an average annual return of 18.15% and 20.16%, respectively, outperforming the buy-and-hold strategy. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved

EasyDRAM: An FPGA-Based Infrastructure for Fast and Accurate End-to-End Evaluation of Emerging DRAM Techniques

DRAM is a critical component of modern computing systems. Recent works propose numerous techniques (that we call DRAM techniques) to enhance DRAM-based computing systems' throughput, reliability, and computing capabilities (e.g., in-DRAM bulk data copy). Evaluating the system-wide benefits of DRAM techniques is challenging as they often require modifications across multiple layers of the computing stack. Prior works propose FPGA-based platforms for rapid end-to-end evaluation of DRAM techniques on real DRAM chips. Unfortunately, existing platforms fall short in two major aspects: (1) they require deep expertise in hardware description languages, limiting accessibility; and (2) they are not designed to accurately model modern computing systems.We introduce EasyDRAM, an FPGA-based framework for rapid and accurate end-to-end evaluation of DRAM techniques on real DRAM chips. EasyDRAM overcomes the main drawbacks of prior FPGA-based platforms with two key ideas. First, EasyDRAM removes the need for hardware description language expertise by enabling developers to implement DRAM techniques using a high-level language (C++). At runtime, EasyDRAM executes the high-level software-defined memory system design in a programmable memory controller. Second, EasyDRAM tackles a fundamental challenge in accurately modeling modern systems: real processors typically operate at significantly higher clock frequencies than DRAM, a disparity that is difficult to replicate on FPGA platforms. EasyDRAM addresses this challenge by decoupling the processor-DRAM interface and advancing the system state using a novel technique we call time scaling, which faithfully captures the timing behavior of the modeled system.We validate EasyDRAM's evaluation accuracy by comparing the memory latency profile of a real CPU-based system and its modeled implementation using EasyDRAM. We demonstrate the ease of use of EasyDRAM by evaluating two DRAM techniques end-to-end in a real FPGA-based system: (1) in-DRAM bulk data copy (i.e., RowClone) and (2) reduced-latency DRAM access that exploits the latency variation across DRAM cells. Implementing these two techniques requires no hardware modifications and only 325 lines of C++ code over EasyDRAM's extensible code base. We compare our results to prior FPGA-based platforms. EasyDRAM yields more accurate results (e.g., by ≈20× for execution time) than the state-of-the-art related platform. We believe and hope that EasyDRAM will enable innovative ideas in memory system design to rapidly come to fruition. To aid future research, we open-source our EasyDRAM implementation at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/EasyDRAM. © 2025 IEEE

Artificial Intelligence Based Social Protest Effectiveness Analysis

Isik UniversityCollective action has been employed across various historical contexts to influence societal change. Examples such as the suffragist and civil rights movements in the United States and recent farmers' protests in Europe demonstrate its potential impact. However, predicting protest outcomes remains difficult due to the interaction of multiple factors. In this study, the factors associated with protest success are examined, and a machine learning approach is proposed to estimate their effectiveness. After data rebalancing, outlier removal, and hyperparameter tuning, the Random Forest model achieved 75% accuracy and a 59% F1 score on the Global Protest Tracker dataset. The proposed method is intended to support computational assessments of protest dynamics and to encourage collaboration between social and computational sciences. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved

Uniquely Human Temporal Thoughts

Life on Earth will eventually come to an end. The thought expressed in the previous sentence is about a point in time that is not known to the individual entertaining the thought. This paper is concerned with the nature of such temporal thoughts. We propose that the capacity to mentally represent thoughts about non-specific temporal intervals is a unique aspect of human cognition. We suggest that this capacity is a consequence of the fact that human grammar defines/generates sentences involving binding of temporal variables and quantification over intervals. This leads to a view of language evolution as a transition between logics

Abrasive and Oxidative Wear Mechanisms on Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al Alloy Against Al2O3: Effect of Microstructures and Hardness

The increasing adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) in biomedical applications demands a deeper understanding of the wear behavior of AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The microstructures obtained from AM processes often require further tailoring through heat treatments to meet application demands. In this regard, this study investigates the dry sliding wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by laser and electron beam powder bed fusion. Various microstructures were obtained through different heat treatments performed below and above the alloy (3 transus temperature. The microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Vickers hardness testing. Wear tests were conducted under reciprocating sliding using an Al2O3 counter-body with different normal loads (1-5 N), and specific wear rates and coefficients of friction were analyzed. Results revealed different hardness values between 356.6 + 8.5 and 284.1 + 11.0 HV, associated with different microstructures, varying from a fully martensitic alpha ' structure to lamellar alpha+(3 structures with increasing heat treatment temperature. The wear mechanisms were a combination of abrasive and oxidative, with oxide debris contributing to tribolayer formation. Higher normal loads favored tribolayer formation, reducing the coefficient of friction from 0.664 + 0.021 to 0.544 + 0.004 and from 0.680 + 0.017 to 0.581 + 0.015 for the highest and lowest hardness conditions, respectively, and specific wear rate. The findings highlight that both hardness and tribolayer formation govern wear resistance, necessitating further studies on load effects in AM Ti6Al-4V alloys.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2020/05612-8, 2021/06516-51]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [PID2020-112878RB-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]This work was supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [grant numbers #2020/05612-8 and #2021/06516-51; the CTI's Open Labs-Multiple Users and Shared Facilities from LAprint, CTI Renato Archer, research institution from MCTI; and partially funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) , PID2020-112878RB-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Development of Antimicrobial metallic surfaces. G. A. Longhitano would like to thank the Postdoctoral Researcher Program (PPPD) at FEM/UNICAMP

A Proposal for the Improvement of Daylight Integration and Distribution in the Educational Interior Space Through a (pro-Sun) Ceiling Design With Curved Surfaces

The use of daylight as the primary lighting source in buildings is crucial for achieving energy savings. Significantly reducing the dependence on artificial lighting sources relies on more efficient utilization of available daylight and enhancement of its quantity and distribution within interior spaces. The appropriate use of daylight not only enhances energy efficiency in indoor spaces but also positively impacts users’ health and performance. A growing body of research has focused on methods for maximizing the use of daylight in interior environments. This study proposes a ceiling design aimed at utilizing daylight more efficiently in interior spaces. The quantity of daylight in an educational space was calculated using the VELUX Daylight Visualizer program by comparing the results of existing, diagonal, and curved ceiling designs. Light levels were measured before and after the addition of Pro-Sun to assess daylight integration and distribution in the studios’ interior spaces. The design studio was analyzed based on orientation (north-south), school semester, active hours, and ceiling type. As a result of the comparison of ceiling types, the Pro-Sun ceiling system with curved reflectors had the most daylight integration capacity and distribution in the deeper the studio’s interior space. © 2025 by the authors

Two Birds, One Stone: Minimum Wage and Child Labor

Purpose: This paper investigates the impact of quasi-exogenous and substantial increases in the minimum wage on child labor outcomes in Türkiye. The study aims to provide empirical evidence on how minimum wage policies affect child labor outcomes in a developing country context, with a focus on gender and age differences. It seeks to understand whether minimum wage increases lead to a reduction in child labor and whether the impact is different for various demographic groups. Design/methodology/approach: The research employs a difference-in-differences methodology using data from the 2012 and 2019 Child Labor Force Survey in Türkiye. The treatment group consists of children from households with minimum wage earners, while the control group comprises children from other households. Various labor market outcomes are analyzed, and robustness checks are performed. Findings: Our findings indicate that while the overall effect of minimum wage increases on child labor is statistically insignificant, there are notable heterogeneous impacts across different demographic groups and employment sectors. Specifically, we observe a significant reduction in the employment probability of girls under the age of 15 and unpaid family workers. Additionally, the likelihood of younger children being wage earners decreases, and the minimum wage increase reduces employment in the agriculture and services sectors for certain subgroups. The impact is also more limited for children in single-adult-worker households. Social implications: These results underscore the varying effects of minimum wage policies on child labor and highlight the importance of considering demographic and sectoral differences in policy formulation. Policymakers should complement such policies with income-generating programs and targeted education initiatives to address child labor issues more comprehensively and sustainably. Originality/value: This study fills a critical gap in the limited international literature on the causal effects of minimum wage policies on child labor incidence. One notable exception, Menon and van der Meulen Rodgers (2018) have explored the impact of minimum wage on child labor in India using regional variation, our study uniquely analyzes the effects at the household level in Türkiye. This approach provides valuable insights into how minimum wage changes affect child labor outcomes in a developing economy context with a high prevalence of minimum wage earners. It also contributes to the broader economic understanding of child labor and household income dynamics. © 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.TOBB-ETU; Economic Research Forum, ER

Search for a Light Charged Higgs Boson in T → H±b Decays, With H±→ Cs, in Pp Collisions at √s=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector

Calafiura, Paolo/0000-0002-1692-1678; /0000-0001-5765-1750; Gwilliam, Carl/0000-0002-9401-5304; Haley, Joseph/0000-0002-6938-7405; Stanislaus, Beojan/0000-0001-9007-7658A search for a light charged Higgs boson produced in decays of the top quark, t -> H(+/-)b with H-+/- -> cs, is presented. This search targets the production of top-quark pairs t (t) over bar. WbH(+/-)b, with W -> lv (l = e, mu), resulting in a lepton-plus-jets final state characterised by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. The search exploits b-quark and c-quark identification techniques as well as multivariate methods to suppress the dominant t (t) over bar background. The data analysed correspond to 140 fb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC between 2015 and 2018. Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits on the branching fraction B(t -> H(+/-)b), assuming B(t -> Wb) + B(t -> H +/-(-> cs)b) = 1.0, are set between 0.066% (0.077%) and 3.6% (2.3%) for a charged Higgs boson with a mass between 60 and 168 GeV.We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC and its injectors, as well as the support staff at CERN and at our institutions worldwide without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF/SFU (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [127]. We gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFWandFWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXTand JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSTDI, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARIS and MVZI, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICIU/AEI, Spain; SRC andWallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC/UKRI, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and DRAC, Canada; CERN-CZ, FORTE and PRIMUS, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSFNSF and MINERVA, Israel; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Armenia: Yerevan Physics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN PJAS); Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1230812, FONDECYT 1230987, FONDECYT 1240864); China: Chinese Ministry of Science andTechnology(MOST2023YFA1605700), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060); Czech Republic: Czech Science Foundation (GACR-24-11373S), Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (FORTE CZ.02.01. 01/00/22_008/0004632), PRIMUS Research Programme (PRIMUS/21/SCI/017); EU: H2020 European Research Council (ERC -101002463); European Union: European Research Council (ERC-948254, ERC 101089007), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI00), European Union, Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIRNextGenerationEU PE00000013), Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU); France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE310013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022, ANR-22-EDIR-00 02), Investissements d'Avenir Labex (ANR-11-LABX-0012); Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-469666862, DFGCR 312/5-2); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (ICSC, NextGenerationEU), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (PRIN20223N7F8K-PNRR M4.C2.1.1); Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI JP22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944, JSPS KAKENHI JP22KK0227, JSPS KAKENHI JP23KK0245); Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020-VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Ministry of Science and Higher Education (IDUB AGH, POB8, D4 no 9722), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National Science Centre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN OPUS nr 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, NCN and H2020 MSCA 945339, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920); Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER, IDIFEDER/2018/048), Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN and NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2, MICIN and FEDERPID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I), PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2019/027); Sweden: Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council 202304654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 202303403, VR grant 2021-03651), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447, KAW 2022.0358); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSFPCEFP2_194658); United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004), Royal Society (NIF-R1-231091); United States of America: U.S. Department of Energy (ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515), Neubauer Family Foundation.CERN; NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden); KIT/GridKA (Germany); INFN-CNAF (Italy); NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain); BNL (USA) [127]; ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFWandFWF, Austria; ANAS; CNPq; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; BMBF; MPG, Germany; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXTand JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSSR, Slovakia; SRC andWallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC, Taipei; DOE; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF; CANARIE; CRC; DRAC, Canada; FORTE; PRIMUS, Czech Republic; ERC; ERDF; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex; ANR, France; DFG; AvH Foundation, Germany - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSFNSF; NCN [UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920]; La Caixa Banking Foundation; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya; PROMETEO [CIDEGENT/2019/027]; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society [NIF-R1-231091]; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; Armenia: Yerevan Physics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research; Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT) [1230812]; FONDECYT [1240864]; China: Chinese Ministry of Science andTechnology [MOST2023YFA1605700]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC-12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060]; Czech Republic: Czech Science Foundation [GACR-24-11373S]; Ministry of Education Youth and Sports [FORTE CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004632]; PRIMUS Research Programme [PRIMUS/21/SCI/017]; EU [ERC -101002463]; European Union: European Research Council [ERC-948254, ERC 101089007, CHIST-ERA-19-XAI00]; European Union; France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-20-CE310013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022, ANR-22-EDIR-00 02]; Investissements d'Avenir Labex; Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG-469666862]; Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [JP22H01227, JP22H04944, JP22KK0227, JP23KK0245]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni) [2020-VI]; Norway: Research Council of Norway [RCN-314472]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education [9722]; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001]; Polish National Science Centre (NCN) [2021/42/E/ST2/00350]; NCN OPUS [2022/47/B/ST2/03059]; Slovenian Research Agency [J1-3010]; Spain: Generalitat Valenciana; FEDER [IDIFEDER/2018/048]; Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) [NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2]; MICIN [FEDERPID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I]; Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council) [202304654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 202303403, 2021-03651]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447]; Swiss National Science Foundation [SNSFPCEFP2_194658]; United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust) [RPG-2020-004]; United States of America [ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Neubauer Family Foundatio

Ultra-Miniaturized Bloch Mode Metasplitters for One-Dimensional Grating Waveguides

Sakin, Ahmet Oguz/0009-0009-0787-4644; Unlu, Mehmet/0000-0002-6594-0904We present, for the first time, to our knowledge, power splitters with multiple channel configurations in one-dimensional grating waveguides (1DGWs) that maintain crystal lattice- sensitive Bloch mode profiles without perturbation across all output channels, all within an ultra-miniaturized footprint of just 2.1 x 2.2 mu m2. This novel capability reduces the need for transition regions, simplifies multi-channel configurations of 1DGWs, and maximizes the effective use of chip area. The pixelated metamaterial approach, integrated with a time-domain heuristic algorithm, is utilized to concurrently achieve broadband operation, optimized dispersion control, and minimal loss. We experimentally demonstrate that the 1 x 2 and 1 x 3 metasplitters achieve average minimum losses per channel of 3.80 dB and 5.36 dB, respectively, which are just 0.80 dB and 0.59 dB above ideal splitting. The measurements for both designs demonstrate a 1 dB bandwidth of 15 nm, with excellent uniformity across all output channels. These versatile metasplitter designs can serve as fundamental building blocks for ultrahigh-bandwidth, densely integrated photonic circuits and in scenarios where slow light is essential. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.Funding. Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara ; scedil;t ; imath;rma Kurumu (122E566, BIDEB 2210A) .Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu [122E566, BIDEB 2210A