Caval Valve Implantation Procedure in 7 Cases of Torrential Tricuspid Regurgitation and Step-By Description of the Procedure

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an increasingly prevalent and clinically significant health problem.1 Due to the growing understanding of the importance of TR, the tricuspid valve has transitioned from being a forgotten valve to one of significant concern. Tricuspid regurgitation is often functional, and as it progresses to moderate or severe stages, hospital admissions increase and prognosis worsens.1,2 There are no effective pharmacological treatments for TR, and the 5-year survival rate with medical management is reported to be less than 50%.3 Therefore, early diagnosis and timely intervention for TR is crucial. Both surgical and percutaneous treatment options are available for severe TR. The mortality rate for isolated TR surgery is generally high.4 In recent years, transcatheter treatments have become feasible for this patient group, and accumulating evidence shows that transcatheter treatment is superior to medical management.5,6 Transcatheter interventions for TR can be performed in 4 ways, 2 involving repair and 2 involving valve We aimed to present our experience with transcatheter caval valve implantation (CAVI) in 7 patients with torrential TR who were not suitable for surgical intervention or transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) due to severe coaptation defects, review the current literature, and provide a step-by-step description of the procedure

Rate of Weak Convergence of Random Walk with a Generalized Reflecting Barrier

In this study, a random walk process with generalized reflecting barrier is considered and an inequality for rate of weak convergence of the stationary distribution of the process of interest is propounded. Though the rate of convergence is not thoroughly examined, the literature does provide a weak convergence theorem under certain conditions for the stationary distribution of the process under consideration. Nonetheless, one of the most crucial issues in probability theory is the convergence rate in limit theorems, as it affects the precision and effectiveness of using these theorems in practice. Therefore, for the rate of convergence for the examined process, comparatively simple inequality is represented. The obtained inequality demonstrates that the rate of convergence is correlated with the tail of the distribution of ladder heights of the random walk

A Novel Access Point Deployment Framework for mmWave Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks

Millimeter-wave network deployment is an essential and ongoing problem due to the limited coverage and expensive network infrastructure. In this work, we solve a joint network deployment and resource allocation optimization problem for a mmWave cell-free massive MIMO network considering indoor environments. The objective is to minimize the number of deployed access points (APs) for a given environment, bandwidth, AP cooperation, and precoding scheme while guaranteeing the rate requirements of the user equipments (UEs). Considering coherent joint transmission (C-JT) and non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT), we solve the problem of AP placement, UE-AP association, and power allocation among the UEs and resource blocks jointly. For numerical analysis, we model a mid-sized airplane cabin in ray-tracing as an exemplary case for IDS. Results demonstrate that a minimum data rate of 1Gbps can be guaranteed with less than 10 APs with C-JT. From a holistic network design perspective, we analyze the trade-off between the required fronthaul capacity and the processing capacity per AP, under different network functional split options. We observe an above 600Gbps fronthaul rate requirement, once all network operations are centralized, which can be reduced to 200Gbps under physical layer functional splits.EU Horizon 2020-Electronics Components and Systems for European Leadership (ECSEL) Joint Undertaking (JU) project Beyond5; EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme; Vinnova, Swedish Innovations Agency [876124]; Swedish funding agency VinnovaThis work was supported in part by the EU Horizon 2020-Electronics Components and Systems for European Leadership (ECSEL) Joint Undertaking (JU) project Beyond5 (Building the fully European supplY chain on RFSOI, enabling New RF Domains for Sensing, Communication, 5G and beyond). The Beyond5 project is funded by EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme and Vinnova, Swedish Innovations Agency under Grant 876124. This study was conducted partly under Eureka Celtic project RAI-6Green: Robust and AI Native 6G for Green Networks funded by Swedish funding agency Vinnova

An Innovative Showcase of Similarity Methods for Accelerated Turbine Design Processes and Cost-Effective Solutions

This study aims to design a containerized Francis-type turbine for installation on drinking water pipelines equipped with pressure-reducing equipment, enabling energy recovery from untapped hydraulic resources. The turbine, designed to operate unmanned and housed within a container, represents an innovative approach to harnessing residual energy in drinking water pipelines. The research methodology leverages similarity laws derived from a previously developed high-efficiency turbine facility as a foundation for the preliminary design. This approach diverges from conventional turbine design methods, offering significant time and cost efficiencies. It should be noted that similarity laws were used only for the preliminary dimensioning of the scale turbine. Following this initial design, design optimizations were carried out based on CFD, focusing on components such as the runner, to enhance performance and achieve the required power output without cavitation at the specified flow rate and head. The results demonstrate that the application of similarity laws expedites the design process while maintaining high efficiency, effectively addressing the unique constraints of the operational environment. Additionally, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and limitations of employing similarity in turbine design. In conclusion, this research not only exemplifies a novel turbine design methodology that ensures operational similarity but also serves as a practical guide for reducing costs and design timelines in small hydropower applications.This now clearly states that similarity was used for the preliminary dimensioning, followed by optimization based on CFD.THE CFD studies within the scope of this research were conducted using the infrastructure of the TOBB ETU Hydropower Turbine Design and Test Center.Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu; TOBB ETU Hydropower Turbine Design and Test Cente

Disrupted Object Affordances and (Un)Reflexive Disposal

We examine how consumers respond to objects within the home that no longer fulfil their expected functions, which we refer to as 'disrupted objects'. Some disrupted objects have transparent affordances for removal, while others present ambiguous or even conflicting affordances that complicate the removal decision. These affordances invite different consumer responses to disruptions by triggering varying degrees of reflexivity. In the context of disrupted objects, consumers respond via routine removal, which is largely automatic and non-reflexive; exploratory removal, characterised by trial and error; and selective removal, which requires deliberate consideration of space, identity, and household practices. We also find that, rather than just ensuring stability, routines can be flexible and adaptable to accommodate disruptions within the home. We provide implications for researchers, practitioners and policymakers

Building Anatomy: Rethinking Internal and External Dynamics in Architecture

Conventional frameworks often reduce architectural production to a linear sequence of deterministic technical and managerial stages. This study challenges that paradigm, arguing that such a view overlooks the adaptive, multi-layered, and context-responsive nature of contemporary built environment creation. Grounded in systems theory, biomimicry, and human physiology, a novel "Building Anatomy" model is proposed that treats architectural practice as a living organism. This conceptual framework is first established, and its validity is then tested through a mixed-methods empirical study conducted with 126 Turkish architects, analyzing the continuous feedback loops between internal (e.g., designer identity, team dynamics) and external (e.g., regulations, socio-cultural currents) factors. It was confirmed that the dynamic interaction between these internal and external factors is central to architectural processes. "Systemic dysfunctions" were identified and diagnosed that arise from breakdowns in these metabolic feedback loops, providing empirical evidence for the model's explanatory power. By offering a systemic lens, this study shifts the focus from a product-centric to a process-oriented view of design. The Building Anatomy model demonstrates its potential for diagnosing "metabolic failures" and redefining the architect's agency, ultimately advocating for more adaptive, responsive, and resilient architectural outcomes

A Novel Approximation Method for Computing the Adjustment Coefficient of a Nonlinear Cramér-Lundberg Risk Model with Gamma Claims

This study considers a non-linear Cram ; eacute;r-Lundberg risk model and examines the adjustment coefficient (r)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\varvec{(r)}\end{document} when the claims have gamma distribution. The linear models are not always adequate because an insurance company's premium income does not always increase linearly. Therefore, in this study, a more realistic non-linear Cram ; eacute;r-Lundberg risk model is mathematically constructed. Then, the ruin probability of this non-linear risk model is studied when the premium function is in the form of square root function, i.e., p(t)=ct\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\varvec{p}\varvec{(t)}\varvec{=}\varvec{c}\varvec{\sqrt{t}}\end{document}. It leads to analyzing the adjustment coefficient (r)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\varvec{(r)}\end{document}, as examining this coefficient is required for finding an upper bound while investigating the ruin probability. However, in general case, it is a challenging procedure to calculate the exact value of r\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\varvec{r}\end{document} from an integral equation. Thus, in this study, the adjustment coefficient r\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\varvec{r}\end{document} is explored by computational methods and a new approximate formula for the practical calculation of the adjustment coefficient is proposed. Moreover, an implementation of the obtained approximate formula, which investigates ruin probability, is included as an example at the end of the paper

Investigation of Depth Perception Through Gaming

In this study, we investigate how depth cues and immersive 3-dimensional (3D) video content characteristics can activate mirror neuron activities and improve depth perception experience while playing a very well-known game (i.e., Tower of Hanoi). For these investigations, subjective tests are carried out by employing an auto-stereoscopic display, with content developed in Unity to replicate realistic environments and facilitate dynamic interactions, exemplified by the Tower of Hanoi game. Subjects are exposed to atmospheric perspective depth cue and 3D video content characteristics, including different viewing angles (i.e., 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees) of the objects placed in the game. The findings indicate that enabling the atmospheric perspective depth cue and different viewing angles considerably enhanced depth perception and task performance, resulting in smoother and more immersive user experiences. We believe that significant insights from this investigation will provide the advance of future robotics, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), 3D video processing, and game technologies that aim to leverage mirror neuron activation to improve cognitive and motor skills in intricate tasks.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [122E015]; TUBITAKThis study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 122E015. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support

Design Optimization of a Multi-Layer Aircraft Canopy Transparency Plate Against Bird Strike

Bird strikes in aviation affect flight safety and can lead to financial losses or even fatalities. In this study, a machine learning based optimization approach is used to carry out design optimization of a canopy transparency plate for a fighter aircraft against bird strike. The canopy plate is designed to have a multi-layered structure such that polycarbonate (PC) and stretched polymethyl methacrylate (SPMMA) materials are laminated with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) adhesive. To model PC and SPMMA materials, the Johnson-Cook material model is used. A finite element model is generated for the canopy plate subject to bird strike test conditions, and the lightest structure that provides good collusion performance is investigated. For this purpose, a training data set is created with the Latin hypercube sampling method and a support vector machine (SVM) model that could predict the collision outcome is created. Using the constructed SVM model, optimization is made using genetic algorithm and the optimum transparency design is determined. Finally, the optimum design is subjected to bird strike tests for validation. It is found that the optimum transparency design successfully satisfies the test requirements.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)The authors acknowledge the Turkish Aerospace Industries, Inc. for sharing the material parameters. The authors also acknowledge the Roketsan Missile Industries, Inc. for sharing their gas gun test system facility

Evaluating Fixation Techniques to Prevent Subsidence in Cervical Corpectomy Models Using Low and High-Density Polyurethane Blocks

Subsidence is a common complication, especially in multisegment corpectomies. In addition to the characteristics of the cage, fixation method is also an effective means of preventing subsidence. We compared three different fixation methods used after the cage placement: Anterior fixation (AF), posterior fixation (PF), and circumferential fixation (CF). Low-density (LDB) and high-density (HDB) polyurethane blocks were used to mimic osteoporotic and normal bone, respectively. Five models within the groups loaded flexion-extension testing, and maximum compressive loads (MCL), bending moment and stiffness were determined in static tests. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to dynamic fatigue tests then the amount of subsidence was calculated. The MCL and stiffness differences between AF, PF, and CF in the LDB were statistically significant, decreasing CF, PF, AF, respectively. In the HDB group, the difference in MCL between AF, PF, and CF was significant, decreasing from CF to PF to AF, respectively. The differences between the stiffness of these models were statistically significant, from high to low CF, PF, AF. The subsidence of AF, PF and CF in the LDB were 2.3 ± 1.59 mm, 7.5 ± 1.58 mm, and 0.65 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. In this group, CF is more successful in preventing subsidence than AF and PF. Subsidence of less than 1 mm was observed in all models in the HDB. This study suggests that AF is as effective as other methods in preventing subsidence following two-level corpectomy in patients with high bone quality. In those with low bone quality, CF could provide more stable fixation and may be more reliable in preventing subsidence and potential instrumentation failure. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved