Force Plate Assessment of Neuromuscular Jump Performance Under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions in Military Personnel

Background: Military personnel are required to perform high-intensity actions and tactical tasks under external load, which increases system weight and alters movement mechanics. Understanding how these loaded conditions influence neuromuscular performance is essential for informing physical preparation and readiness monitoring. This study quantified the effects of tactical equipment on countermovement jump (CMJ) and countermovement rebound jump (CMRJ) force–time characteristics in active military personnel and evaluated the within-session reliability of these metrics under loaded and unloaded conditions; (2) Methods: Eighteen male soldiers performed CMJ and CMRJ assessments on dual force plates (1000 Hz) under unloaded and loaded conditions (standardized tactical equipment: 10.6 ± 1.18 kg). Force–time variables were categorized as strategy (phase durations, countermovement depth), driver (mean braking and propulsive force), and outcome (jump height, jump momentum, and modified reactive strength index; mRSI) metrics; (3) Results: CMJ outcome and driver metrics demonstrated good to excellent reliability under load (ICC ≥ 0.87; CV ≤ 8.4%), whereas CMRJ outcome variables showed reduced reliability and greater variability. Loaded conditions reduced jump height and mRSI in both CMJ and CMRJ (p < 0.05), while jump momentum and absolute mean force production increased, whereas force production relative to body mass decreased. During the CMJ (slow-SSC), participants exhibited longer braking and propulsive phase durations, indicating a temporal change in movement strategy under load, whereas CMRJ (fast-SSC) force–time characteristics showed increased contact time and reduced rebound metrics; (4) Conclusions: Overall, fast stretch–shortening cycle tasks appear more sensitive to loading conditions, whereas the CMJ provides a more robust and reliable assessment for monitoring neuromuscular performance in military personnel, particularly when considering both absolute and relative force responses

Oriente en femenino. Literatas, eruditas y viajeras hispanas (S. XIX-XX)

Se trata de un compendio que revela, por primera vez, el estudio de quince mujeres panhispánicas, más o menos reconocidas, que han sobresalido en su interés por las culturas de Oriente. Como parte del PROYECTO INDIA EN EL IMAGINARIO CULTURAL HISPANOAMERICANO (UNAM, 2022-2025), estudiamos la mirada orientalista original y contrapuesta al canon de algunas literaturas e intelectualidades transatlánticas

Load–Velocity Relationship and 1RM Estimation of the Free-Weight Squat in Untrained Early-Adolescent Females

Background: Velocity-based training (VBT) is used to estimate maximal strength and prescribe resistance-training loads, but evidence in untrained youth, especially earlyadolescent females, is limited. In untrained early-adolescent females performing freeweight back squats, (1) the load–velocity relationship (LVR) is comparable to adult samples, albeit with greater between-subject variability, and (2) one-repetition maximum (1RM) estimates are affected by the minimum velocity threshold (MVT) anchor. Methods: Thirtyfour untrained females (10–14 years) completed two progressive loading tests followed by actual 1RM attempts. Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) was recorded to model LVRs. Three MVTs were considered: (a) Actual (from Test 1), (b) General (0.30 m·s−1), and (c) Optimal (individualized to minimize prediction error in Test 1). LVR-based 1RM estimates from Multi-point and Two-point approaches were generated in Test 2 using each MVT and compared with the actual 1RM. Results: MPV decreased near-linearly with load (median R2 ≈ 0.996), from 1.00 ± 0.19 m·s−1 at ~40%1RM to 0.30 ± 0.05 m·s−1 at 100%1RM. Across MVTs, Two- and Multi-point models showed similar 1RM accuracy (≤~0.7% difference; p > 0.35). Actual and General MVTs overestimated 1RM (+5.1 kg; p < 0.001), whereas an individualized Optimal MVT (~0.38 m·s−1) removed bias (+0.6 kg; p = 0.52) and reduced error (p ≈ 0.03). Conclusions: In untrained early-adolescent females, the back-squat LVR is highly linear, and 1RM estimation accuracy hinges on the MVT anchor. A streamlined Two-point LVR paired with an individualized Optimal MVT provides an efficient, accurate workflow for youth strength assessment.This project has been supported by the University of Granada, Convocatoria de Proyectos de Investigación UGR/Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla 2024 (MEL-08-UGR24) and the Unit of Research Excellence of the University of Granada, Melilla Campus, UECUMel (UCE-PP2024-02). ISA was supported by the Research Initiation Grant for Undergraduate Students, University of Granada–Banco Santander (P5A2024-81)

El cine de barrio: tecnovivio e imaginario social

El objeto de este artículo es un retrato de los cines de barrio en España utilizando como fuente la prensa diaria y especializada. En concreto, se realiza un análisis del discurso de 278 entradas periodísticas comprendidas entre 1905 y 1993: desde un anuncio de 25 palabras a un artículo de fondo. A través de ellos se analiza su tecnovivio, es decir, el lugar, tiempo, servicio, película y público que caracteriza un cine de barrio. La hipótesis es que estos elementos han configurado distintos imaginarios sociales del cine de barrio que denominamos moralista, esteticista, populista y nostálgico. Los dos primeros son visiones negativas en el sentido de que el cinede barrio, expresión que designa tanto el local como lo que en él se proyecta, es un cine de la periferia, está en el margen o separado de: el centro, lo establecido, lo correcto, lo sano, lo culto, lo artístico. Es inseguro, sucio, peligroso, defectuoso, infantil. Al mismo tiempo, los populistas y los nostálgicos generan una cierta mitología del cine de barrio, al que califican de auténtico, sano, popular, democrático… generando el rescate de su cine por las actuales cadenas de televisión

Immunological and tissue reactions to titanium particles generated by the mechanical decontamination of dental implants: In vitro and in vivo study

Background: Mechanical decontamination of biofilm, or implantoplasty, is a commonly employed technique for managing peri-implantitis. However, the inflammatory response and in vivo behavior of titanium (Ti) particles released during this procedure remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, inflammatory, and osteogenic effects of Ti particles released during implantoplasty, as well as their in vivo behavior Material and Methods: Titanium particles were generated by following a standardized protocol using drills on 150 commercially pure Ti implants. Cytotoxicity thresholds were determined using THP-1 macrophages and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). These cells were subsequently cultured with Ti particle-conditioned medium, and inflammatory responses were analyzed using RT-qPCR for markers such as CCR7, TNF-α, IL-1β (pro-inflammatory), and CD206, TGF-β, IL-10 (anti-inflammatory). Cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA. Osteogenic responses in BM-MSCs were assessed by analyzing Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) expression, and ALP activity was measured colorimetrically. In vivo, Ti particles were introduced into mandibular defects in 20 Wistar rats, with histological analysis performed 20 days post-implantation Results: Ti particles elicited a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, with increased expression of TNF-α and reduced expression of TGF-β and CD206. Cytokine analysis confirmed elevated IL-1β and reduced IL-10 levels. No significant changes in ALP activity were observed. Conclusions: Titanium particles released during implantoplasty induce pro-inflammatory responses

Identidad cifrada con desencriptación judicial: una solución jurídica para la responsabilidad en entornos blockchain

La tecnología blockchain se posiciona como una de las tecnologías que mayor interés genera en la sociedad actual. Entre sus mayores atractivos se encuentran las características que aporta a las transacciones que efectúan los usuarios en sus sistemas; sin embargo, junto a sus ventajas, también emergen inconvenientes que pueden poner en jaque los ordenamientos jurídicos tal y como están pensados actualmente. En este sentido, la anonimidad con la que son capaces de actuar los usuarios en algunas blockchain dificulta la aplicación del derecho, lo que plantea la necesidad de ofrecer alternativas como la implantación de una identidad cifrada que pueda revelarse en determinadas circunstancias y situaciones para garantizar la seguridad jurídica y el cumplimiento de las normas

Assessing the Acute Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Contrast Training on Vertical Jump Using Wireless Dual Force Plates in Young Basketball Players

Background: Basketball performance depends strongly on physical preparation. A novel approach is accentuated eccentric loading within contrast training, though its acute effects using dumbbells remain underexplored. Methods: Twelve youth basketball players (age = 16.0 ± 0.3 years; body mass = 81.5 ± 7.6 kg) completed three sessions with dumbbell loads equivalent to 15%, 30% and 45% BW. CMJ performance was measured using dual wireless dual force plates. Assessments were conducted before the protocol and at 3, 9, and 15 min post intervention. Subjective responses were collected via wellness, RPE and readiness questionnaires. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections was applied, and the significance level was set to α = 0.05. Results: Significant decreases in jump height (p = 0.010) and average propulsive power (p = 0.005) were observed in the 45% BW condition at 3 and 9 min. Jump momentum decreased significantly at 30% and 45% BW at 3 and 9 min (p = 0.010; p = 0.033). No significant differences were detected in other CMJ force–time metrics (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Dumbbell-loaded CMJs as an accentuated eccentric loading contrast exercise did not produce generalized improvements but induced acute decreases at higher loads. However, they may still be useful in individual cases for athletes with favorable responses after monitoring

Influence of Normobaric Hypoxia on Maximal Force Production Following High-Intensity Resistance Circuit Training

Background: Previous research suggests that resistance training in hypoxia can cause physiological and muscle adaptations. However, this method may not be efficient for individuals who are training to optimize maximal strength and power. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance circuit in normobaric hypoxic conditions on maximal and explosive measures of muscle strength in upper and lower limbs. Methods: A total of 28 subjects were randomly assigned to either hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] = 15%; HRChyp: n = 15; age: 24.6 ± 6.8 years; height: 177.4 ± 5.9 cm; weight: 74.9 ± 11.5 kg) or normoxia [FIO2] = 20.9%; HRCnorm: n = 13; age: 23.2 ± 5.2 years; height: 173.4 ± 6.2 cm; weight: 69.4 ± 7.4 kg) groups. Training sessions consisted of two blocks of three exercises and the training intensity was fixed performed at six repetition maximum. Participants exercised twice weekly for 8 weeks, and upper and lower body power tests were performed before and after the training program. The statistical analysis applied was a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc. Results: No significant differences were observed between groups. However, the hypoxia group showed higher intra-group differences in absolute (N) (F = 7.97; Δ7.3%; p < 0.05; ES = 0.49) and relative (N/Kg) (F = 8.34; Δ7.2%; p < 0.05; ES = 0.49) maximum push-up force after the training period. Conclusions: Hypoxic circuit training may improve a specific upper body performance outcome, but no clear advantage over normoxia was observed.This study was part of the HYPOREST project supported by a grant-in-aid from the Vice-rectorate of Research and Science, at the Camilo José Cela University

Pelvic floor morphofunctional characteristics in female rugby players beyond the tackle. Pelvic floor muscles in high-impact sports

Rugby is a high-impact sport that may impose substantial mechanical demands on the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) and has been associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This cross-sectional study assessed pelvic floor morphofunctional characteristics in 27 nulliparous female rugby players using digital palpation, 2D transperineal ultrasound, and surface electromyography (sEMG) in supine and standing positions, both at rest and during tonic contractions. Ten players presented an anteroposterior diameter of the levator hiatus (LH (ap)) > 4.5 cm in supine, which was significantly larger in standing (p < 0.001), especially in those with SUI (p = 0.010). Variations in electrical activity were associated with levator hiatus dimensions, suggesting possible functional adaptations. Incontinent players showed higher activation percentages (p = 0.029), while continent players showed greater amplitude during MVC. A larger LH (ap) under load was observed particularly in players with SUI, who also showed a pattern of greater myoelectric excitation, potentially reflecting increased muscular demand during effort. Pelvic floor function in athletes exposed to repeated high-impact loading may depend on the balance between structural support and muscular activity, supporting the relevance of targeted evaluation and preventive strategies. Given the cross-sectional design, these results should be interpreted as associativ

Estudio introductorio: “Oriente en femenino: nuevas perspectivas de los orientalismos de Hispanoamérica y España”

Un estudio que, además de presentar el compendio y sus investigadores, ofrece un recorrido pormenorizado de los orientalismos y posorientalismos en español. Por primera vez, se ofrece un acercamiento en clave panhispánica que compara la diversidad de trayectorias temáticas en España e Hispanoamérica. Del orientalismo de corte asiático, centrado principalmente en América Latina, al arabismo español. Este marco sirve como referencia para centrar la mirada en la producción de las mujeres. El estudio ofrece así un análisis de la variable orientalista en diálogo con los movimientos feministas que, desde el siglo XIX, se instalaron en los debates, los espacios educativos e intelectuales y en relevantes obras literarias en español