Evaluacija uzroka erozije i rešenja: studija slučaja Umuokoro Lowa, Ihitte/Uboma lokalna uprava, Imo država, Nigerija

Erosion is a condition in which the surface of the earth declines gradually due to wearing away by the action of water, wind and human activities. This research was carried out to determine the types of erosion occurring in this area and provide proper erosion management techniques that will help to control the erosions occurring in this area. Erosion control techniques are used to prevent and reduce soil erosion. Visual examination, interviews from residents and measurement of measurement of the erosion to know the cause, nature and type of erosion at the sites were carried out. Results of visual examination and interviews revealed that the erosion was caused by abandoned road construction and poor land management practices of the residents. Measurements from site A, D and G at the month of May which were 0.28, 0.29 and 0.29 m in depth respectively showed that they have already degenerated from splash to rill and is gradually forming gully, while site B and C at the month of May which were 1.53 and 2.34 m in depth respectively were still active gullies. Site F and G have already degenerated from rill to gully and will be worse if nothing is done on time. Implementation of the solutions recommended like regarding and tarring the roads, planting vegetative covers and proper sensitization of the villagers is necessary to improve and maintain the environment.Erozija je stanje u kojem se površina Zemlje postepeno smanjuje zbog odnošenja čestica sa vodom, vetrom ili ljudskim aktivnostima. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se utvrdile vrste erozije koje se dešavaju u ovoj oblasti i obezbedile odgovarajuće tehnike upravljanja intenzitetom erozije, koje će pomoći u kontroli procesa erozija koje se dešavaju u ovoj oblasti. Tehnike kontrole erozije koriste se za sprečavanje i smanjenje erozije zemljišta. Izvršeno je vizuelno ispitivanje, intervjuisanje stanovnika i merenje erozije, da bi se znali uzrok, priroda i vrsta erozije na određenim lokalitetima. Rezultati vizuelnog pregleda i intervjua pokazali su da je erozija uzrokovana napuštanjem izgradnje/održavanja puteva i lošom praksom upravljanja i upotrebe zemljišta od strane lokalnih stanovnika. Merenja sa lokaliteta A, D i G u mesecu maju, koja su bila 0,28, 0,29 i 0,29 m dubine, pokazala su da već postoje degradacije od padavina i neadekvatne obrade koje postepeno formiraju jarak. Lokacije B i C u mesecu maju, mereno na 1.53 i 2.34 m dubine, pokazuju još aktivniju pojavu jaraka (erozije) na površini. Lokacije F i G su degradirane obradom do pojave jaruga i biće intenzivnije ako se ništa ne uradi na vreme. Implementacija rešenja koja se preporučuju, kao što je ravnanje i tanjiranje površine puteva, sadnja vegetacionih pokrivača i pravilna informacija lokalnih stanovnika korisnika ovih površina, neophodna je za poboljšanje i održavanje životne sredine

Analiza performansi agregata traktor - sadilica rizoma kurkume

A field performance analysis of a developed prototype tractor-drawn turmeric planter is presented. The experiment was randomized in a factorial design of three planter levels of rhizome lengths (30, 45 and 60 mm) and operational speeds of 8, 10, and 12 kmh-1. An average mass of 3 kg of wholesome turmeric rhizomes were introduced into the hopper of the planter and planted in 90 m2 of experimental plot. During field evaluation of the machine, the effective field capacity, field efficiency, missing index, multiple index and planting depth were considered; whereas laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the planter’s seed rate, percentage rhizome bruise wheel slippage and fuel consumption. Results obtained show that the maximum seed rate was 0.283 th-1. The maximum percent bruised turmeric rhizome was found to be 30.08%. The mean effective field capacity varied between 0.63 - 0.96 hah-1, at operational speeds of 8 and 12 kmh-1, respectively and 45 mm rhizome length. The mean field efficiency was obtained to be 65.8%. The maximum wheel slippage of 4.37% and fuel consumption of 3.8 lha-1 were obtained at the machine speeds of 8 kmh-1 and 12 kmh-1, respectively; whereas the minimum wheel slippage of 3.14% and fuel consumption of 2.2 lha-1 were obtained at the machine speeds of 12 kmh-1 and 8 kmh-1, respectively for the range of the studied turmeric rhizome length. The highest and lowest percentage turmeric rhizome miss index of 35% were recorded for turmeric rhizome length of 30 mm at a speed of 10 kmh-1 and 8 kmh-1, respectively. An average planting depth of 68 mm was obtained. The numerical optimization approach was adopted to obtain an optimal operational parameters of 12 kmh-1 speed and 45 mm turmeric rhizome grading size with an overall desirability index of 0.73. An economic evaluation was calculated using the principle of payback period which was obtained to be very small (1.64 years) compared to the life of the planter of 17 years. Prospects for future works were suggested.Rad prikazuje ispitivanja terenski razvijenog prototipa sadilice za kurkumu (Curcuma Longa Linn). Ispitivanja su randomizirana u faktorskom dizajnu sa tri različite dužine rizoma kurkume od 30, 45 i 60 mm, i radnih brzina agregata traktor – sadilica je 8, 10 i 12 kmh-1. U ispitivanju je prosečna masa od 3 kg celih rizoma kurkume ubačena u spremište – levak sadilice i posađena na 90 m2 eksperimentalne površine. Tokom terenskog ispitivanja mašine-sadilice razmatrani su: efektivni učinak, statistička greška, višestruki indeks i dubina sadnje rizoma kurkume. Laboratorijska ispitivanja su obavljena kako bi se procenila potrebna količina materijala rizoma za sadnju, % proklizavanja točkova traktora i količina potrošenog goriva. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je maksimalna količina utrošenih rizoma kurkume bila 0,283 th-1. Utvrđeno je da maksimalni % modificiranog rizoma kurkume iznosi 30,08 %. Srednji efektivni učinak varirao je između 0,63 - 0,96 hah-1, pri stvarnoj operativnoj brzini rada agregata od od 8 i 12 kmh-1, odnosno dužini rizoma kurkume od 45 mm. Dobijen srednji učinak na polju od 65,8%. Maksimalno proklizavanje točkova traktora bilo je od 4,37%, a potrošnja goriva od 3,8 lha-1 dobijeni su pri brzinama agregata od 8 kmh-1 odnosno 12 kmh-1. Najmanje proklizavanje točkova traktora je 3,14% i potrošnja goriva 2,2 lha-1 dobijeni su pri brzinama agregata od 12 kmh-1 i 8 kmh-1. Najviši i najniži % prolaska rizoma kurkume kroz aparat sadilice je 35% , a konstatovan je za dužinu rizoma od 30 mm pri brzini agregata od 10 kmh-1 odnosno 8 kmh-1. Dobijena prosečna dubina sadnje rizoma kurkume je od 68 mm. Numerički optimizacijski pristup usvojen je da bi se dobili optimalni operativni parametri rada agregata brzine od 12 kmh-1 i veličine dubine sadnje rizoma kurkume od 45 mm sa ukupnim indeksom ostvarljivosti od 0,73. Ekonomska procena isplativosti izračunata je primenom načela povrata investicije, koja je dobijena kao vrlo mala (1,64 godine) u odnosu na mogući vek sadilice od 17 godina. Predloženi su zadaci i mogućnosti za buduće radove

Selekcija poljoprivredne mehanizacije i poboljšanje poljoprivrednih operacija u jugoistočnoj Nigeriji: Pregled

A review of agricultural field machinery selection and utilization for improved farm operations in South-east Nigeria was conducted. Proper selection and utilization of machinery effortlessly would boost up and optimize farm production by minimizing unnecessary breakdown/failure, energy and power losses and mismatching of implements to prime movers. These could only be achieved with the aid of performance data of the various field machinery. The review indicated that average performance efficiency of disc plough in South–East Nigeria was 87.11 %, whereas harrow, ridger, rotovator and planter were 86.32 %, 86.78 %, 87.14 % and 86.81 %, respectively. The review further revealed that most studies were focused on a few soil types with few field implements. It was also observed from the review that data obtained for performance of various field machinery vary from one region to another and from one soil type to the other due to variation in ecological soil conditions. Most studies reviewed did not consider the energy and power requirements of the machinery in operation. More so, variations in agro-ecological soil types and conditions require studies of different agricultural zones/areas to obtain data of the performance characteristics of agricultural field machinery that would guide farmers and users of agricultural field machinery in the selection of appropriate machines for their agricultural field operations in order to increase their production at reduced costs. Field test results of some farm machineries were also presented. Prospects for future work were suggested.Prikazan je pregled odabrane primene i korišćenja poljoprivrednih mašina na terenu za poboljšanje rada farme u jugoistočnoj Nigeriji. Pravilnim odabirom i upotrebom mehanizacije bez napora bi se povećala i optimizirala poljoprivredna proizvodnja minimiziranjem nepotrebnih kvarova, gubitaka energije i neusklađenosti uređaja sa pogonskim motorima. To se može postići samo uz pomoć podataka o performansama različitih mašina na terenu. Pregled je pokazao da je prosečna efikasnost rada plugova u jugoistočnoj Nigeriji bila 87,11 %, dok su drljača, kultivator, rotofreza i sadilica imale efikasnost od 86,32%, 86,78 %, 87,14 % i 86,81 %, respektivno. Pregled je dalje utvrdio da je većina studija bila usredsređena na nekoliko tipova zemljišta sa nekoliko polja. Iz pregleda je takođe uočeno da podaci dobijeni za upotrebu različitih terenskih mašina variraju od jednog do drugog regiona i od jednog tipa do drugog tipa zemljišta, zbog variranja ekoloških uslova. Većina razmatranih studija nije uzela u obzir zahteve mašina za energijom i snagom. Varijacije u agroekološkim tipovima i uslovima zemljišta zahtevaju studije različitih poljoprivrednih zona/područja kako bi se dobili podaci o karakteristikama rada poljoprivrednih mašina na terenu, koji bi usmerili poljoprivrednike i korisnike poljoprivredne mehanizacije u odabiru odgovarajućih mašina za njihovo određeno poljoprivredno zemljište. A tako određenim operacijama na terenu povećava se i njihova proizvodnja uz smanjene troškove. Takođe su predstavljeni rezultati terenskih ispitivanja nekih mašina na farmama. Predložene su perspektive za budući rad

Osnovna obrada zemljišta u višegodišnjim zasadima sa rotacionom ašovom

Basic soil tillage in perennial plantations is still present in agro-ecological conditions of R.Serbia despite the tendency for grassing the inter-row space. The reasons for this include arid climatic conditions, as well as the lack of an irrigation system requiring great investments. Mechanical soil tillage provides some advantages over the procedures of soil grassing. These advantages primarily relate to the rational distribution of moisture in the soil, prevention of the development of harmful rodents, better aeration of soil as well as an effective application of organic fertilizers. The paper presents comparative exploitation surveys in soil tillage with a conventional plough, subsoilers and rotary hoes in perennial plantations. The exploitation testing covered determination of working depth, working speed, pulling resistance, front and rear wheel load, performance and fuel consumption. The results of the survey show that apart of having better tractor static load distribution when it is in aggregate with the rotary hoe, this combination has a potential of lowering the fuel consumption. This aggregate has 17% lower fuel consumption compared to the subsoiler usage and 29% lower consumption compared to the plough usage. The main conclusion is that the performance indicators of the working methods described should be analysed in further research. To-date experience shows that the operation of the rotary hoe compared to the standard plough results in lower intensity of the soli mixing and lower intensity of plant residues incorporation in the soil.Osnovna obrada zemljišta u višegodišnjim zasadima i pored tendencija zatravljivanja međurednog prostora još uvek je prisutna u agroekološkim Republike Srbije. Razlog za to su aridni klimatski uslovi kao i nedostatak tehničkih sistema za navodnjavanje za čije korišćenje su potrebne velike investicije. Mehaničkom obradom zemljišta ostvaruju se određene prednosti u odnosu na postupke zatravljivanja. Te prednosti pre svega se odnose na racionalnim raspolaganjem sa vlagom u zemljištu, sprečavanje razvoja štetnih glodara, bolja aeracija zemljišta, kao i efikasno unošenje organskih đubriva. U radu su prikazana uporedna eksploataciona istraživanja pri obradi zemljišta klasičnim plugom, razrivačem i rotacionim ašovom u višegodišnjim zasadima. Ispitivanjima su obuhvaćeni parametri: dubina obrade, vučni otpor, oterećenje prednjih i zadnjih točkova, brzina kretanja, učinak i potrošnja goriva. Rezultati istraživanja u ovom radu pokazuju da pored bolje statičke raspoređenosti opterećenja traktora u radu agregata traktor - rotacioni ašov u odnosu na obradu oranjem i razrivanjem, značajne su i uštede u potrošnji goriva po jedinici površine. Potrošnja goriva kod obrade rotacionim ašovom je manja za oko 17 % u odnosu na podrivanje i do 29 % u odnosu na oranje klasičnim plugom

Uticaji procesa reinžinjeringa elektroopreme traktora na konkurentsku prednost

The central role and the most important role, excluding the instability and occurrence of crisis business that come from outside the company have processes in the company. In order to maintain a position in a competitive market, it is necessary to define and implement business reengineering business processes in the enterprise. Given that modern technologies have an irreplaceable position in all business processes, it is necessary for manufacturers to adapt to emerging situations. In modern business conditions, tractor and engine manufacturers should provide alternative combinations of replacement of existing tractor equipment with suitable, which supports different applications using the same or new sensors. This implies extensive testing of samples of electrical equipment prior to installation, according to prescribed procedures and methodology. On the basis of the obtained results and defined technical-functional characteristics, an assessment of the usability of the examined sample and the system as a whole is formed. As business processes of reengineering require subprocesses and new procedures, the necessary laboratory tests and experimental research are carried out. Companies that use their resources best use their resources with their processes, achieving a competitive advantage that results in superior value creation. The results obtained lead to the acquisition of additional values ie the design of a new or redesigned product with a modern electrical appliance and a modern design. Advanced technologies for tractor electrical equipment aim to contribute to the overall quality of the tractor and enable the operator of the tractor to be efficient, comfortable, safe and safe in traffic. This paper gives a part of the exploitation research of the existing electrical equipment and laboratory testing of the functionality of the modern steering column with the associated sensor. The aim of these tests is to search for the alternatives of the electrical equipment components. The contribution of this type of test is uncertain as it ensures the quality of agricultural tractors and increases the competitive advantage. At the same time, it allows manufacturers of electrical equipment to improve the characteristics of their products.Centralno mesto i najvažniju ulogu, izuzimajući nestabilnosti i pojave kriznog poslovanja koji dolaze izvan preduzeća, imaju procesi u preduzeću. Kako bi se zadržala pozicija na konkurentnom tržištu, neophodno je definisati i inplementirati poslovne procese reinženjeringa u preduzeću. Obzirom da savremene tehnologije imaju nezamenjivu poziciju u svim procesima poslovanja potrebno je da se proizvođači prilagode novonastalim situacijama. U uslovima savremenog poslovanja, proizvođači traktora i motora treba da obezbede alternativne kombinacije zamene postojeće elektroopreme traktora odgovarajućom, koja podržava diferentne aplikacije upotrebom istih ili novih senzora. To podrazumeva opsežna ispitivanja uzoraka elektrooprema pre ugradnje, po propisanim procedurama i metodologiji. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata i definisanih tehničko-funkcionalnih karakteristika formira se ocena upotrebnog kvaliteta ispitivanog uzorka i sistema u celini. Kako poslovni procesi reinženjeringa nalažu podprocese i nove procedure, sprovode se neophodna laboratorijska ispitivanja i eksploatacijona istraživanja. Preduzeća koja svojim procesima na najbolјi način upotrebljavaju svoje resurse ostvarujući konkurentnu prednost koja rezultira superiornim kreiranjem vrednosti. Dobijeni rezultati vode prema sticanju dodatnih vrednosti, odnosno projektovanju novog ili redizajniranog proizvoda sa savremenom elektroopremom i modernim dizajnom. Napredne tehnologije kod elektroopreme traktora imaju za cilј da doprinesu ukupnom kvalitetu traktora a rukovaocu traktora omoguće efikasnost, komfornost, sigurnost u radu i bezbedno kretanje u saobraćaju. Ovaj rad daje deo eksploatacionih istraživanja postojeće elektroopreme i laboratorijskih ispitivanja provere funkcionalnosti savremenog stuba upravlјača sa pripadajućim senzorom. Cilј ovih ispitivanja je traženje altrenativnh komponenti elektroopreme. Doprinos ovakvog načina ispitivanja je nesumlјiv jer obezbeđuje kvalitet polјoprivrednih traktora i povećava konkurenstsku prednost. Istovremeno omogućava proizvođačima elektroopreme da pobolјšavaju karakteristike svojih proizvoda

Automatizacija i digitalizacija u poljoprivredi

The fourth industrial revolution, which has begun couple of years ago, covers not only "smart" and interconnected machines and systems. It also coincides with further discoveries in various areas, from determining the genome sequence to nanotechnology and from renewable sources to quantum computing. The correlation between these technologies and their interaction in the physical, digital and biological field is what makes the fourth industrial revolution significantly different from the previous ones. The events should be faster, more extensive and radical, which will require the transformation of entire systems through (and within) countries, businesses, industries and society as a whole. We are already talking about switching from financing innovative projects to Comprehensive Innovation Ecosystems (AKIS). The paper describes some important research work from the field of automatization and digitalization of Slovenian agriculture.Četvrta industrijska revolucija, koja je započela pre nekoliko godina, danas pokriva i "pametne" i međusobno povezane mašine i sisteme (u poljoprivredi) . Takođe se poklapa sa daljim otkrićima u različitim oblastima, od određivanja sekvenci genoma do nanotehnologije i iz obnovljivih izvora do kvantnog računarstva. Korelacija između navedenih tehnologija i njihove interakcije u fizičkoj, digitalnoj i biološkoj oblasti čini ono što četvrtu industrijsku revoluciju znatno razlikuje od prethodnih. Događaji bi trebali biti brži, opširniji i radikalniji, što zahteva transformaciju čitavih sistema kroz (i u okviru) pojedinih zemalja, biznisa, industrije i kompletnog društva. Danas se već govori o prelasku sa finansiranja Inovativnih projekata (IP) na sveobuhvatne inovativne ekosisteme (AKIS). Rad opisuje danas važne istraživačke radove iz oblasti automatizacije i digitalizacije poljoprivrede u Republici Sloveniji

Antropometrijska procena sedišta traktora za muškarce i žene u državi Abia (Nigeria)

The anthropometric body dimensions of the tractor operators in Abia state (Nigeria) where studied to obtain a database for their anthropometric body dimensions to enable the designers of tractors and agricultural equipment operated in sitting positions improve on their design in order to optimize their usage, enhance posture and comfort of the users and maximize output. Result revealed that the male agricultural workers have average hand length, hand breadth, arm reach from wall, elbow height, elbow rest height, grip strength, internal and external grip diameters, hand circumference, forearm length and forward grip reach of male agricultural workers are 161.05cm, 49.1cm,143.75cm,38.25cm,19.55cm, 8.65cm, 85.75cm,104.25cm, 24.9cm, 41.6kg, 4.7cm, 7.35cm, 7.35cm, 49.9cm and 75.2cm respectively while in that same order the female agricultural workers recorded 150.55cm,38.9cm,138.6cm, 36.45cm, 18.15cm, 7.2cm, 82.35cm, 100.4cm, 22.25cm, 40.25kg, 4.0cm, 6.7cm, 19.55 and 75.15cm respectively. Also result showed that the sitting height, sitting eye height, sitting shoulder height, hip breadth, knee height, buttock knee length, functional leg length, foot length of the male agricultural workers are 80.75cm, 81.8cm, 68.5cm, 54.0cm, 33.0cm, 55.8cm, 49.7cm, 65.0cm, 57.05cm, 48.65cm, 95.25cm, 32.55cm, 14.35cm, and 66.05cm respectively; and the female in the same arrangement had 85.8cm, 65.59cm, 65.07cm, 41.38cm, 29.14cm, 49.14cm, 44.97cm, 56.06cm, 47.86cm, 36.58cm, 80.51cm, 27.53cm, 3.35cm and 79.19cm respectively.Antropometrijske procene dimenzije korisnika karoserije traktora (muškarci i žene) u državi Abia (Nigeria) su proučavane zbog dobijanja baze podataka za dimenzije karoserije kako bi konstruktori traktora i poljoprivredne opreme bolje dizajnirali mesto (sedište i kabinu) gde operateri rade u sedećim položajima. Dizajneri traktora tako mogu da poboljšaju svoj dizajn i optimiziju njegovu upotrebu i poboljšaju držanje i udobnost korisnika mašine za najveći učinak u radu. Rezultat istraživanja je pokazao da poljoprivredni radnici (muški) imaju prosečnu dužinu ruku, širinu ruku, dohvat ruku od zida, visinu lakta, visinu oslonca za laktove, čvrstoću držanja, unutrašnji i spoljni prečnik držanja, obim šake, dužinu podlaktice i opseg dohvata napred, imao je vrednosti 161.05cm, 49.1cm, 143.75cm, 38.25cm, 19.55cm, 8.65cm, 85.75cm, 104.25cm, 24.9cm, 41.6kg, 4.7cm, 7.35cm, 7.35cm, 49.9cm, odnosno 75.2cm. Istim redosledom parametara, žene poljoprivredne radnice imale su vrednosti: 150,55 cm, 38,9 cm, 138,6 cm, 36,45 cm, 18,15 cm, 7,2 cm, 82,35 cm, 100,4 cm, 22,25 cm, 40,25 kg, 4,0 cm, 6,7 cm, 19,55 i 75,15 cm. Takođe je rezultat ispitivanja pokazao da: visina sedenja, visina preglednosti, visina kukova, visina kolena, dužina kolena, funkcionalna dužina nogu, dužina stopala muških poljoprivrednih radnika iznosi: 80,75cm, 81,8cm, 68,5cm, 54,0cm, 33.0cm, 55.8cm, 49.7cm, 65.0cm, 57.05cm, 48.65cm, 95.25cm, 32.55cm, 14.35cm, i 66.05cm, respektivno. Kod žena, isti raspored parametara ima vrednosti: 85,8cm, 65,59cm, 65,07cm, 41,38cm, 29,14cm, 49,14cm, 44,97cm, 56,06cm, 47,86cm, 36,58cm, 80,51cm, 27,53cm, 3,55cm, odnosno 79,19cm, respektivno

Uticaj metoda sušenja na funkcionalne osobine jam (Dioscorea sp.) brašna

The effect of drying method on functional properties of five different yam flour varieties namely, white yam, purple yam, yellow yam, water yam and three leaves yam were studied using oven, solar and sun drying method. The functional properties were determined using AACC approved method. Results revealed that White yam recorded wettability range of 173.22 – 181.31 secs while the purple yam had wettability range from 151.69 to 201 secs, the three leave Yam, had wettability range from 138.41 to 190.20 secs, the water yam and yellow yam recorded wettability range from 143.62 to 182.11 secs and 153.42 to 174.34 secs respectively. Result also indicated that white yam recorded water absorption capacity (WAC) range from134.32 to 146.11, while purple yam had WAC range from 134.32 to 145.46; three leave Yam, water yam and yellow yam recorded from 129.56 to 138.11, from 133.58 to 163.21 and from 128.34 to 143.88 respectively. Furthermore, white yam, purple yam, three leave yam, water yam and yellow yam respectively recorded swelling power range from 11.84 to 12.63, from 11.14 to 11.82, from 11.28 to 12.66, from 12.19 to 12.38 and from 11.68 to 11.96. The three leave yam recorded the highest water absorption capacity which makes it likely to have least shelf life stability as compared to others because of the ability of absorbing water from a humid atmosphere. Results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the effect of drying methods on the functional properties of the yam varieties showed significant difference at 5% and 1% probability level while the yam varieties did not show any significant different on the functional properties of the yam flour varieties.Uticaj metode sušenja na funkcionalna svojstva pet različitih tipova brašna od Jam (Yam): belog, ljubičastog , žutog, vodenog i tri lišća, proučavan je metodom sušenja u peći i na suncu. Funkcionalna svojstva su određena metodom odobrenom od AACC. Rezultati ispitivanja su pokazali da je Beli tip Jam (Yam) ima opseg vlažnosti (WAC) od 173.22 do 181.31 secs, dok je ljubičasti varijetet Jam (Yam) imao opseg vlažnosti od: 151.69 do 201 secs. Tri preostala varijeteta jama, imali su respektivno raspon vlažnosti: 138.41 do 190.20 secs, a vodeni i žuti jam imaju zabeležen opseg vlažnosti od 143.62 do 182.11 secs i od 153.42 do 174.34 secs. Rezultat istraživanja je takođe pokazao da beli Jam (Yam) beleži kapacitet upijanja vode (bubrenje) (VAC) u opsegu od 134.32 do 146.11 secs, dok je ljubičasti Jam (Yam) imao VAC opseg od 134.32 do 145.46. Napušteni varijeteti ove kulture: vodeni i žuti Jam (Yam) imale su vrednosti: 129.56 do 138.11; 133.58 do 163.21, i 128.34 do 143.88 secs. Pored toga, beli jam, purpurni jam, žuti jam su zabeležili respektivno raspon vlage bubrenja od: 11.84 do12.63; 11.14 do 11.82; 11.28 do 12.66; 12.19 do 12.38 i od 11.68 do 11.96. Tri tipa brašna od Jam (Yam) kulture ostvarila su najveću sposobnost apsorpcije vode, zbog čega je verovatno da će imati najmanju stabilnost u odnosu na druge zbog sposobnosti apsorpcije vode iz vlažne atmosfere. Rezultati analize varijanse (ANOVA) o uticaju metoda sušenja na funkcionalna svojstva različitih varijeteta kulture Jam (Yam) pokazali su značajnu razliku na nivou verovatnoće od 5% i 1%, dok varijeteti kulture Jam (Yam) nisu pokazale značajne razlike u funkcionalnim svojstvima varijeteta brašna

Primena novih sorbenasa u D-µ-SPE TEhnici pripreme uzoraka za GC – MS analizu PAU u vodi

The aim of this paper is application of novel sorbents in dispersive micro solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) as a technique for sample preparation of water, for the analysis of 16 PAHs by gass chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). D-μ-SPE proved to be an effective technique consuming a small amount of the solvent for the analysis. D-μ-SPE is characterized by its rapidity (7 minutes per sample including all preparation of standard solutions and measuring of sorbents) and cheapness as well. Low values of the detection limit and limit of quantification, acceptable accuracy and precision values propose this method for routine water analysis for the determination of PAHs.Cilj istraživanja ovog rada je primena novih sorbenasa u disperzivnoj mikroekstrakciji čvrstom fazom (D-µ-SPE) kao tehnikom pripreme uzoraka vode za analizu 16 prioritetnih PAU gasnom hromatografijom sa masenom spektrometrijom (GC-MS). D-µ-SPE se pokazala kao efikasna i ekonomična tehnika pripreme uzoraka vode pri čemu se troši mala količina rastvarača za ekstrakciju i koristi jeftin pribor za pripremu uzoraka koja traje 7 minuta (uključujući pripreme standardnih rastvora i odmeravanje sorbenasa). Niske vrednosti granice detekcije i kvantifikacije, prihvatljive vrednosti tačnosti i preciznosti predloženu metodu analize 16 prioritetnih PAU kvalifikujuje za rutinsku analizu vode

Efekat formi i koncentracija azota na rastenje i sadržaj pigmenata Ocimum basilicum L. u kulturi in vitro

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nitrogen on the growth and concentration of photosynthetic pigments of Ocimum basilicum L. cultured in vitro. Six media were used for research, which differed in form and concentration of nitrogen. According to the obtained results, a significant effect on the roots and shoots length, as well as the concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids had a nitrate form of nitrogen in contrast to the combination of nitric and ammonium forms. Based on obtained results, it is recommended cultivation basil plants inmedia withpotassium nitrate.Cilj istraživanja obuhvata utvrđivanje uticaja azota na rast i koncentraciju fotosintetičkih pigmenata bosiljaka (Ocimum basilicum L.) proizvedenog u kulturi in vitro. Za istraživanjeje upotrebljenošesthranljivih podloga, koje su se razlikovale po formi i koncentraciji azota. Prema dobijenim rezultatima, značajniji efekat na rast i koncentraciju hlorofila i karotenoida imala je nitratna forma azota u odnosu na kombinaciju nitratne i amonijačne forme. Utvrđeno je da je u procesu gajenja bosiljka kalijum-nitrat pogodan za oplemenjavanje zemljišta