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KUA1 and ILR3 Interact in _Arabidopsis thaliana_ to Mediate Plant Development
No full textPlant development relies on cell proliferation, elongation, and differentiation to grow into a mature plant that is capable of competing for and procuring resources (Zluhan-Martínez et al., 2021). Plant hormones (phytohormones) including auxin (indole-3-acetic acid/IAA) regulate development and are tightly controlled by many proteins (Asami & Nakagawa, 2018; Claeys et al., 2014; Woodward & Bartel, 2005). One protein, IAA-Leucine Resistant3 (ILR3), is important in regulating IAA response within A. thaliana and represses the expression for different CCC1-like metal transporters (Rampey et al., 2006). By controlling metal transporters ILR3 is able to alter the metal microenvironment and indirectly effect the function of amidohydrolases, key enzymes in the conversion of storage forms of auxin (IAA-conjugates) and free auxin (Rampey et al., 2006). ILR3 is a bHLH-LZ TF and requires hetero- or homodimerization to function. A Yeast-2-Hybrid (Y2H) screen was used to identify possible dimerization partners of ILR3. One interactor identified, KUA1 (At5g47390), was further characterized through a series of directed screens and spotting assays. KUA1 was found to interact with ILR3 but was unable to interact with ilr3-1, supporting the necessity of the c-terminal region of ILR3 for dimerization. KUA1 has also been seen to address ROS homeostasis through regulating peroxidase expression and plants overexpressing KUA1 accumulate IAA (Lu et al., 2014; Kwon et al., 2013). Analysis of KUA1 interactions with ILR3 support KUA1 in playing a role in Fe and ROS levels in development, contributing to the phenotypic results seen in the gain-of-function ilr3-1 mutant (Kwon et al., 2013; Rampey et al., 2006). Furthermore, these results suggest ILR3 and KUA1 could be working in concert by managing Fe and ROS levels, resulting in altered IAA response and thereby plant development. KUA1 was also observed to interact with other bHLH proteins, suggesting a broader role of KUA1 in other plant processes. This study also identified two other proteins, ASIL1 and AR791, that were seen to interact with ILR3 and KUA1 and suggests the possibility of a protein complex in the regulation of free auxin in plant development
Challenging Elitism in Higher Education and Graduate Employability: A Thinking Piece
Get PDFThis paper critically examines the prevalence of elitism in higher education and the complex challenge it posits for graduate employability. Several sections of this paper explore the concept of elitism through the lens of positional conflict theory and narrow it down to the relative graduate employability challenges that are experienced due to various factors. The current paper contributes to knowledge since the existing pool of literature does not tackle, in isolation, the function of elitism in posing employment challenges for recent graduates and is not expressed in the current conceptualisations selected in this paper. The paper ends with a call for a collective commitment to dismantle elitist structures and empower graduates by fostering a more dynamic educational ecosystem, which is concretised by some recommendations that higher education institutions can implement
Sins of Christendom: Anti-Mormonism and the Making of Evangelicalism
No full textEvangelical criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints dates back to the earliest days of the Church. Nathaniel Wiewora uses the diverse animus expressed by evangelicals to illuminate how they used an imaginary Church as a proxy to disagree, attack, compromise, and settle differences among themselves. As Wiewora shows, the evangelical practice to contrast itself with the emerging faith not only encompassed but also went beyond religious matters. If Joseph Smith was accused of muddling religious truth, he and his followers also faced accusations of immoral economic practices and a sinful regard for wealth that reflected worries within the evangelical world. Attacks on Latter-day Saints’ emotional religious displays, the Book of Mormon’s authenticity, and the dangerous ideas represented by Nauvoo paralleled similar conflicts. Wiewora traces how the failure to blunt the Church’s success led evangelicals to change their own methods and pursue the religious education infrastructure that came to define parts of the movement
Development Under Erasure: Deconstruction in Development Discourse
Get PDFJacques Derrida’s theory of deconstruction has been historically underappreciated in development. Yet Derrida’s critical theory realizes development as an inherently deconstructive field, one which advocates for the Other when disciplines such as economics and international relations overlook them. By examining the history of development through a Derridean lens, we can see how deconstruction was working within some of the development discourse’s prominent shifts leading up to its “impasse” in the 1980s. Heightened critical attention around this time catalyzed a flurry of deconstructive processes in the following years which have reshaped the landscape of development scholarship and practice. The story of the “impasse” itself will serve as a hinge for the essay. After a deconstructive examination of development before and then during the impasse, the essay will consider the deconstructive dynamics that are driving and enlivening five of the (partially) distinguishable post-impasse movements in development. While none of these are perfect or completed, they are structural manifestations of the deconstruction at play in development, and they are moving the field into a closer relationship with its impossible yet necessary goal: to pursue justice for the marginalized. The last of these movements to be analyzed, the “theological turn” in development, undergirds the rest and provides the clearest picture of how deconstruction can help us think constructively about development’s future
Influences of Sex, Morph, and Weather on Roosting Distributions in Overwintering White-throated Sparrows (_Zonotrichia albicollis_)
No full textHabitat choice influences survival by affecting access to resources, shelter from predators, mating opportunities, and numerous other costs and benefits. As such, habitat conservation is crucial, especially for migratory songbirds which are declining primarily due to habitat destruction. White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) are a well-studied migratory songbird, but little is known about their roosting behaviors or how those behaviors are affected by sex, color morph, or weather. To determine this, we tracked White-throated Sparrows to their roosts, determined core home ranges, and analyzed the average distances of roost sites to the home range centroids according to these factors. A logistic regression showed that wind, rain, and barometric pressure were both positively correlated with increased distances to centroid, though the extent varied between individuals. While the mean distances to centroid was 2.1 times greater for females than males and 2.4 times greater for white color morphs than tan, a Wilcoxon rank sum exact test did not produce a statistically significant result for either. This study demonstrates that weather conditions influence roost site selection and indicates a strong likelihood that sex and color morph could influence roosting distributions. As such, sex, color morph, and weather may influence habitat usages, and thus indicate new habitats in need of conservation