Book Review: Robert J. Jarvis, The Neglected Amendments of the U.S. Constitution: Text, History, and Interpretation

This essay offers an engaging review of the casebook, The Neglected Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, by Professor Robert Jarvis. While most lawyers, and many nonlawyers, could readily identify many of the “big twelve” constitutional amendments, few are familiar with the other fifteen. This book focuses on the neglected fifteen, arguing they deserve sustained attention as historically and politically important today. Topics include several amendments potentially going in play, such as the Twenty-second limiting the president to two terms, Twenty-fifth on presidential succession and disability, Twenty-seventh on congressional pay raises, and the Ninth on rights retained by the people. The review argues that this book matters now precisely because these overlooked provisions continue to shape contemporary constitutional debates in ways we often fail to recognize

Project 2025 and Due Process After \u3ci\u3eDobbs\u3c/i\u3e

Project 2025 supporters have been appointed to prominent federal offices in the second Trump Administration. This includes, most notably, the Office of Management and Budget, for a key strategy of implementing the Project’s goals is manipulation of federal funding. This Essay explores what this might mean for women’s rights and suggests a legal theory with which to challenge Project initiatives. Project 2025 repackages a platform that is fully anti-feminist. It is not a new platform. It is the same set of tools that has been used against feminism since the movement’s inception. It expansively seeks policy changes for abortion, contraception, the nuclear family, single motherhood, childcare, child support, no-fault divorce, sex education, and women’s employment. Women have been here before—in the late 1890s when patriarchy responded to first-wave feminism, in the post-World-War-II era when men wanted their jobs back, and in the 1970s and 1980s in response to second-wave feminism. But now opponents of women’s rights use the guise of federal funding and incrementalism to erode women’s rights and return women to the constraints of a subordinate domestic role. This Essay exposes the anti-feminist policies urged by the Project and then explores a strategic use of due process doctrine to legally challenge the

How Do Religious Beliefs, Practices, and Experiences Impact Mental Health?

The following literature review discusses the influence religious practices, beliefs, and experiences impact mental health. The discussion will revolve around three main religions: Catholocism, Judaism, and other denominations of Christianity. Negative and positive influences of religion on mental health were found and discussed

Adult Human Rib Variation of Symmetry Among Many Populations

Human rib morphology is a central focus within the exploration of ribcage biomechanical properties and thoracic traumas, with the use of anatomical models being crucial in clinical, academic, and forensic settings. Despite the significance, there is little existing research on bilateral asymmetry of the ribcage, and many models use the assumption of symmetry between right and left rib pairs. This study investigates morphological right and left rib pair asymmetries using high-resolution imaging and 3D reconstruction techniques among a diverse population of sex, age, and populations. Symmetry was tested using three variables: pitch, radius of curvature, and roll among rib pairs two through ten. Statistically significant differences (p-value \u3c 0.05) revealed asymmetries between most tested rib pairs among all three variables. This study establishes a foundation of asymmetry within the human rib pairs to be considered for future thoracic training models, orthopedic prosthetics and procedures, and biomechanical simulations

Are A.I. Lawyers a Legal Product or Legal Service?: Why Current UPL Laws are not up to the Task of Regulating Autonomous A.I. Actors

The rise of automation, particularly with the advent of large language models, presents a significant potential for the legal profession. While automation has traditionally focused on manual and repetitive tasks, A.I.\u27s evolution now allows machines to handle complex, thought-intensive work involving decision-making. This shift underscores a pressing issue: the American legal system lacks a clear definition of the practice of law. This becomes especially critical as A.l, an autonomous actor, begins to take on roles that were previously exclusive to human practitioners. One company that exemplifies the advanced capabilities of modern A.I.-powered technology is Pactum Al Pactum\u27s autonomous negotiation software is already in use by major corporations like Walmart and Maersk to automate their contract negotiation processes, from vendor selection to making offers and counter-offers. The capabilities of Pactum Al demonstrate the potential for A.I. to handle complex legal tasks traditionally performed by humans. However, they also underscore the regulatory challenges posed by these technologies. The current UPL laws, designed with human actors in mind, are ill-equipped to address the nuances of autonomous legal tools. This Article puts forward three key recommendations for the effective regulation of A.I.-powered tools in the legal space. First, it suggests that regulators should facilitate collaboration between attorneys and A.I. developers, ensuring that the former can work with A.I without risking UPL violations. Second, it stresses the importance of establishing a clear boundary between legal and non-legal work for autonomous systems. Finally, it proposes that regulations should strike a balance between consumer protection and the promotion of innovation in the legal tech industry. By addressing these areas, the legal profession can help A.I. technologies successfully and safely integrate into society while upholding the integrity and effectiveness of legal practice

A Reflective Case Study of Leadership Models in the Fight for Abortion Access

This Essay presents a reflective case study on divergent leadership models in the fight for abortion access. Just as scholars study what is happening regarding abortion access, it is equally important to study how people advocate for supportive laws and policies, where they advocate, and who they center in the advocacy, so that tactics remain effective in a rapidly evolving legal, political, and social landscape. This Essay analyzes the “I Stand with Planned Parenthood” advocacy campaign of the 2000s as an example of a centralized and individual leadership model, and it identifies strategic strengths and weaknesses of that approach. This campaign was emblematic of abortion access leadership models before Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, models which dominantly centered prominent national legal organizations, such as Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). This Essay juxtaposes the “I Stand with Planned Parenthood” advocacy campaign with the state ballot initiative advocacy efforts of the post-Dobbs era. The expansive successes of these ballot initiatives caught national attention because of what they accomplished for abortion access. This Essay examines how leaders achieved these successes and who led these efforts through the contrasting lens of a collective leadership model

Is \u3ci\u3eWisconsin v. Yoder\u3c/i\u3e Limited to Its Facts?

Although Wisconsin v. Yoder is over fifty years old and clearly part of the canon of free exercise law, its meaning is surprisingly contested in a case the Supreme Court decided to hear in early 2025, Mahmoud v. Taylor. In Mahmoud, the plaintiffs are parents who balked at their children being exposed to readings and lessons during the school day that ran counter to their religious views on sexual morality. Their main argument is that they should win because Yoder is directly on point. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected this argument holding that Yoder is basically a one-off case and its principles do not apply beyond the contours of that case. Both sides mistake the significance of Yoder for Mahmoud. Yoder is not limited to its facts. It is a case with a holding that applies beyond into cases where parents are compelled to send their children to school, over their religious objections, and where the state asserts a general interest in children attending public schools. But to fashion the rule of Yoder this way is to see how the case may not be as relevant as the plaintiffs in Mahmoud believe. Yoder is neither as narrow as the Fourth Circuit said it was, nor as broad as the Mahmoud plaintiffs want it to be. Far from settling Mahmoud v. Taylor, Yoder might end up being more of a distraction. Whatever side wins in Mahmoud, it won’t win because of Yoder

Methodological and Data-Driven Approaches for Analyzing and Enhancing Campus Camera Coverage at the University of Akron

This Honors Project presents both a methodological and data-driven approach to analyzing, calculating, and enhancing the camera coverage on The University of Akron\u27s (UA) campus using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The project uses spatial crime mapping with camera coverage analysis to support The University of Akron Police Department (UAPD) in determining surveillance gaps and suggesting strategic improvements. The goal is to develop a replicable framework for evaluating and improving camera coverage in crime hotspots using spatial analysis and viewshed analysis. The findings in this project give a usable guide for using data to improve security camera placement according to maps of crime hotspots

Silent Sabotage: Identifying and Preventing Cyber Attacks from Inside Actors

Cyber-attacks are becoming increasingly common and damaging as technology advances each year. Many businesses cannot afford the latest security technologies, and even with the highest security measures, there can still be room for employee error or insider threats that are not taken into account. It is crucial to keep these factors in mind when securing a business network of any size or financial standing.This project will aim to simulate a business environment by first building a small network with three routers and a switch, and implementing some of the common best practices for network hardening from credible organizations like NIST and the NSA. It will also showcase commonly overlooked vulnerabilities when configuring a network, and how they can be exploited or advantageous to threat actors

Cost-Effective Brake Rotor Resurfacing Tool

Brake rotors can develop uneven spots over time, causing vibration and poor braking performance. Commercial brake lathes are effective but often too expensive or complicated for at-home mechanics. This project aimed to create a low-cost tool, around $200–$300, to resurface four rotors in under two hours. We explored two main designs: a pad file system and a motorized endmill powered by a handheld drill. Calculations ultimately showed that the pad file was not viable, so the final prototype produced was the endmill-based design. Our testing showed we were limited by poor stiffness in the endmill and unforeseen loading. Although the prototype did not meet the target performance, we determined the causes for the prototype tool\u27s failure. We formulated two potential ways to revise the design with these failures identified