OKULLARIN ÖRGÜT YAPISIYLA ÖĞRETMENLERİN DUYGUSAL BAĞLILIKLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE MESLEKTAŞ LİDERLİĞİNİN ARACILIK ROLÜ

İlişkisel tarama modelindeki bu araştırma, Siirt ili merkez ilçede ortaöğretim okullarında çalışan yönetici ve öğretmenlerin algılarına göre okulların örgütsel yapıları ile öğretmenlerin duygusal bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkide meslektaş liderliğinin aracı rolünün incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın evren Siirt’te 2020-2021 yılında 27 lisede görev yapmakta olan 510 öğretmen ve 105 yöneticiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada örnekleme seçimi yapılmamış evrenin tamamına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada ölçme araçları olarak “Örgütsel Yapı Ölçeği-Okul Versiyonu, Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği ve Okul İklimi Ölçeğinin Meslektaş Liderliği Alt Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma ve Pearson korelasyon analizlerinin yanı sıra path (yol) analizi teknikleriyle incelenmiştir. Araştırma, okulların örgütsel yapısının daha çok mekanik örgüt yapısına benzediğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, örgütsel yapı ile okul iklimi ve örgütsel bağlılık arasında anlamlı ve orta kuvvette pozitif ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Araştırmada merkezîleşme ve tabakalaşma alt boyutlarının duygusal bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinde meslektaş liderliğinin kısmi aracı role, formalleşme alt boyutunun duygusal bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinde ise meslektaş liderliğinin tam aracı role sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre araştırmada okulların örgütsel yapısının meslektaş liderliği üzerinden öğretmenlerin duygusal bağlılıklarının oluşmasında önemli değişkenlerden biri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla okul yöneticilerine öğretmenlerin duygusal bağlılıklarını artırmak amacıyla meslektaş liderliğine ilişkin uygulamaları artırıp teşvik etmeleri önerisinde bulunulabilirThis relational survey model research aims to examine the mediating role of collegial leadership in the relationship between the organisational structures of schools and teachers' emotional commitment according to the perceptions of administrators and teachers working in secondary schools in the central district of Siirt province. The population of the study consists of 105 administrators and 510 teachers in 27 secondary education institutions in Siirt city centre in the 2020-2021 academic year. No sampling selection was made in the study and the entire population was reached. ‘Organisational Structure Scale-School Version, Organisational Commitment Scale and Colleague Leadership Subscale of School Climate Scale’ were used as measurement tools in the study. The data of the study were analysed with arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation analyses as well as path analysis techniques. The study revealed that the organisational structure of schools is more like a mechanistic organisational structure. In addition, significant and moderately positive relationships were found between organisational structure, school climate and organisational commitment. In the study, it was determined that collegial leadership had a partial mediating role in the effect of centralisation and stratification sub-dimensions on affective commitment, and collegial leadership had a full mediating role in the effect of formalisation sub-dimension on affective commitment. Accordingly, the study concluded that the organisational structure of schools is one of the important variables in the formation of teachers' affective commitment through collegial leadership. Therefore, it can be suggested that school administrators should increase and encourage practices related to collegial leadership in order to increase teachers' affective commitment

Impact of Psychological Factors on Early vs. Late-Onset Psoriasis: A Comparative Analysis

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly impacts psychosocial well-being. This study compared the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of early-onset (<40 years) and late-onset (≥40 years) psoriasis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 190 patients with psoriasis categorized as early-onset (n=135) and late-onset (n=55). Data on demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, and psychosocial factors were collected. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) assessed psychological impact and quality of life. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, t-tests, and correlation analyses. Results: Early-onset patients were more likely to have a family history of psoriasis (43.7% vs. 16.4%, P<0.001), while pustular psoriasis was more common in the late-onset group (27.3% vs. 11.1%, P=0.006). A significant positive correlation was observed between DLQI scores and HADS-Total, HADS-Anxiety, and HADS-Depression scores (P<0.001). Psychological stress was reported as a disease trigger by 63.1% of patients, with a higher proportion in the early-onset group (P=0.025). Although initial comparisons revealed no significant difference in DLQI or HAD scores between groups, an additional analysis limited to chronic plaque psoriasis revealed significantly higher anxiety and total HADS scores in the early-onset group (P=0.002 and P=0.035, respectively), suggesting a stronger psychological burden when clinical subtype is controlled. Conclusions: Early-onset psoriasis patients are more likely to report stress as a trigger and have a family history, while late-onset patients exhibit higher rates of pustular psoriasis and increased body mass index. Early-onset patients with chronic plaque psoriasis experience greater psychological burden, particularly anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of age of onset in tailoring psychosocial support and treatment strategies in psoriasis care

INCREASING THE SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES OF TETRABENAZINE AT BASIC MEDIUM BY USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNOLOGY TETRABENAZİNİN BAZİK ORTAMDAKİ ÇÖZÜNME ÖZELLİKLERİNİN KATI DİSPERSİYON TEKNOLOJİSİ İLE ARTIRILMASI

Objective: The aim of this study is to use solid dispersion technology to increase the solubility of tetrabenazine (TBZ) at basic medium. The effect of solid dispersions on the solubility of TBZ, which has low solubility in water, was evaluated by characterization studies of solid dispersions. It was concluded that solid dispersion technology was efficient for the increasing the dissolution of TBZ at basic medium. Material and Method: In order to increase the solubility of TBZ, three different solid dispersion formulations were prepared. For this purpose, Soluplus® and Kollidon® VA 64 were used as polymeric carriers and Gelucire® 50/13 was used as surfactant. The solid dispersion formulations prepared using these polymeric carriers and surfactant were named as KD-1, KD-2 and KD-3, respectively. All solid dispersions were obtained by mixing the active substance and polymer in a 1:1 ratio. The preparation process was carried out by solvent evaporation method and acetone was used as the solvent. Solid dispersions were obtained by evaporating acetone under low pressure in a rotavapor and in a 55°C water bath. TBZ quantification method was developed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 230 nm wavelength and analytical method validation was performed. Thermal properties of solid dispersions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the range of 25-250°C; possible interactions between the polymer and the active substance were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effect of solid dispersions on increasing the solubility of TBZ was evaluated by dissolution rate studies in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 media, and the obtained samples were analyzed by HPLC. DDSolver software was used to determine the release kinetics of TBZ from solid dispersion formulations based on dissolution rate data. Result and Discussion: The results of TBZ quantification analysis for solid dispersions showed that the average TBZ amounts in all three solid dispersions varied between 98.31% and 99.19%. Low standard deviation values were observed in all quantification analyses, demonstrating the consistency of the indicating. In thermal analyzes, it was determined that the endothermic peak of TBZ appeared at 130ºC and that solid dispersions transforming into an amorphous structure caused a decrease in the intensity of the endothermic peak. Spectra obtained by FT-IR spectroscopy showed that TBZ has physical or chemical interactions with different carrier polymers. The effect of solid dispersions on increasing the solubility of TBZ was investigated in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 media with dissolution rate studies. TBZ showed rapid dissolution in pH 1.2 medium and was completely dissolved in the first 1 hour. At the end of 24 hours, 98.8% of the drug was dissolved in pH 1.2 medium, while dissolution occurred slower (28.8%) in pH 6.8 medium. Since the solubility of TBZ in pH 6.8 environment is low, the dissolution rate analysis of all prepared solid dispersions was carried out in this environment. It was observed that all prepared solid dispersion formulations increased the dissolution of TBZ in pH 6.8 environment. Especially, the solid dispersion prepared with Gelucire® 50/13 (KD-3) reached the highest dissolution rate (85.6%) at the end of 24 hours. As a result of in vitro dissolution studies, the release kinetics of KD-1, KD-2 and KD-3 formulations were assessed by DDSolver software. According to the evaluation of the results, the most fitted models for all three formulations were determined as Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull kinetics. The parameters of the Korsmeyer-Peppas model for KD-1, KD-2 and KD-3 were calculated as n=0.3351, n=0.3511 and n=0.3015, respectively, and the parameters of the Weibull model were calculated as β=0.4303, β=0.4369 and β=0.5422, respectively. Since the n value is less than 0.5 and the β value is less than 0.75, it is concluded that the release mechanism occurs similar to Fick diffusion and solid dispersion technology is efficient for the increasing the dissolution of TBZ at basic medium

Automated Test Case Output Generation Using Seq2Seq Models

The aim of this paper is to present a creative approach to generate test case outputs for a given input automatically for software testing. Sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model is applied. Our approach aims to address the challenge of creating meaningful test case outputs for input variations in software testing, improving efficiency and accuracy in test automation. With the help of natural language processing techniques, the model is trained on an original dataset of test inputs and their corresponding outputs, predicting the output for a given test case input. We employ evaluation metrics including BLEU, ROUGE, and JACCARD similarity scores to assess the quality of generated outputs, comparing them against reference outputs. Our initial results show that the seq2seq model has a huge potential of producing accurate test case outputs, significantly reducing manual effort in test case generation. This work demonstrates the potential for integrating Recurrent Neural Network techniques into software testing and providing a scalable solution for automated test case output generation