Sum Uncertainty Relations: Uncertainty Regions for Qubits and Qutrits

We investigate the notion of uncertainty region using the variance based sum uncertainty relation for qubits and qutrits. We compare uncertainty region of the qubit (a 2-level system) with that of the qutrit (3-level system) by considering sum uncertainty relation for two non-commuting Pauli-like observables, acting on the two dimensional qubit Hilbert space. We identify that physically valid uncertainty region of a qubit is smaller than that of a qutrit. This implies that an enhanced precision can be achieved in the measurement of incompatible Pauli-like observables acting on the 2-dimensional subspace of a qutrit Hilbert space. We discuss the implication of the reduced uncertainties in the steady states of Λ, V, Ξ types of 3-level atomic systems. Furthermore, we construct a two-qubit permutation symmetric state, corresponding to a 3-level system and show that the reduction in the sum uncertainty value - or equivalently, increased uncertainty region of a qutrit system – is a consequence of quantum entanglement in the two-qubit system. Our results suggest that uncertainty region can be used as a dimensional witness

Novel Functional Matrix Method using Standard Basis of Polynomial Linear Space

This paper has developed a novel functional matrix using the standard basis of (n+1) dimensional polynomial linear space to solve second-order singular initial and boundary problems. The linearly independent polynomials properties are used to convert the differential equations into algebraic equations with suitable solvers that can efficiently solve. Seven numerical examples are considered to demonstrate this technique's applicability and efficiency. The obtained results are compared favorably with the exact solutions. Also, we proved some theorems on convergence, exact solutions, and uniform convergence

Women Information Technology Professionals: Digital Sisterhood

This study is an exploratory study of the sisterhood circles among women professionals of the information technology industry. It focused on how the medium of technology helped the women to relate to others, form relations of trust and bond as allies in the virtual world over their common concerns in the real world. Adopting a phenomenological perspective, the research aimed to study the experiences of women sisterhood networks and its impact on their professional lives

Comparative study of phytochemicals and bioactivities of the leaf extracts of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis

Curcuma species are known for their medicinal properties, and it is essential to evaluate under-explored species for their phytocomposition and their practical applications. The present work evaluated the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimitotic, and antiproliferative properties of aqueous methanolic extract from leaves of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis. Quantitative phytochemical assays revealed higher amounts of phenols (11.00 ± 0.29 mg GAE / g DW), flavonoids (8.80 ± 0.03 mg QE / g DW), tannins (3.30 ± 0.02 mg CE / g DW) and saponins (53.23 ± 0.02 mg DE / g DW) in C.amada extracts compared to C. karnatakensis. Aqueous methanolic extract of C. amada exhibited higher radical scavenging activity for DPPH (IC50= 127.70 ± 4.05 μg / mL), Ferrous ion chelation (IC50= 287.83 ± 6.38 μg / mL) and CUPRAC antioxidant potential value of 6.33 ± 0.06 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW. C. karnatakensis exhibited higher ABTS radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 96.97 ± 1.58 μg / mL. Further, GC-MS analysis of extracts identified several sesquiterpenoids in both species having significant biological activities. The two extracts exhibited mild antimitotic and antiproliferative properties against Allium root cells and yeast cells. C. amada leaf extract showed higher anti-inflammatory properties than C. karnatakensis. This is the first comprehensive report on leaf phytocomposition, which could be exploited for pharmacological utilization

Photocatalytic and photosensitization reactions of surface modified W⁶⁺ and N^3‒ doped TiO₂ with curcumin/potassium curcuminate molecules

Curcumin and potassium curcuminate molecules were anchored on W6+ and N3‒ doped TiO2 catalyst (WNT) surface by wet impregnation method and were designated as Cur-WNT and K3Cur-WNT. The XPS and FTIR techniques confirm the surface anchoring of curcumin and potassium curcuminate molecules on the surface of WNT through enolate linkage. K3Cur-WNT catalyst possesses multiple charge trapping states involving dopant energy levels, inherently created defect levels/surface states. Hence the mean free path of the photogenerated electrons is decreased in this catalyst by trapping and detrapping events. The energy band positions of valence band (EVB), conduction band (ECB) and Fermi energy (EF) were determined from the electronegativity values of the atoms present in the catalyst sample and also from the valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (VBXPS) studies. Energetically the position of conduction band (CB) and W 5d dopant energy levels were found to be located below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of curcumin and potassium curcuminate molecules in Cur-WNT and K3Cur-WNT samples. This suitable excited singlet energy band position (S1) of sensitizer molecule facilitates the electron transfer process to the CB/W 5d energy levels of the WNT catalyst. The accumulated electrons in CB/W6+ dopant energy level influence the position of EF within the band gap. The observed higher quantum efficiency of K3Cur-WNT sample compared to all the other catalysts can be accounted to the narrowed band gap, generated shallow traps, reduced particle size, enhanced photosensitivity and its higher capability in generating reactive singlet oxygen species. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Organic Reactions Using Clay and Clay‑Supported Catalysts: A Survey of Recent Literature

Clays and modifed or supported clays have become some of the widely used catalysts for a variety of organic reactions, due to their easy structural modifcations and activation, low-cost, eco-friendly nature, ready availability, ability to act as acidic or basic catalyst without being corrosive. The present review is a survey of the literature dealing with most of the important work on clay catalysed organic reactions published during the period 2011–2020, and is a sequel to our previous review covering the literature of 2001–2010. The review consists of various segments starting with introduction that briefy mentions the structure and modifcation of clay minerals, particularly the most widely used montmorillonite, followed by organic reactions such as condensation, addition, substitution, elimination, reduction, oxidation, wastewater remediation, biodiesel synthesis and a few miscellaneous reactions that are accomplished using these catalysts. Among these, biodiesel synthesis and remediation are widely investigated transformations, and fnd practical applications

Awareness and Use of Research Support Tools and Services by Research scholars of Bangalore university library: A Case Study

The study analyses the awareness and use of research support Tools and services by the research scholars of Bangalore University Library. Bangalore University library typically identify research support as a central pillar in its mission. The paper show its mission statements relate to the requirements of researchers themselves, especially in view of reported changes in researchers’ information seeking and sharing in the online environment. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the full time research scholars in Bangalore University Library. This study highlights the awarenessa and use of various research support tools subscribed by Bangalore university library i.e. OPAC, bibliographical databases, discovery tool, spelling checker, , antiplagiarism software, remote access facility, institutional repository The study finds that 100% of the research support services ‘using the E-resource services, Assistance from the library staff at a library service desk, Assistance from the library staff through Ask a Librarian Service(Web form, Chat), guidance in writing Technical reports

Hermite wavelet method for solving nonlinear Rosenau–Hyman equation

In this paper, we present an approximate solution for solving the nonlinear Rosenau–Hyman equation. The method is based on adapting the wavelet technique accompanied with the Hermit polynomials. Convergence analysis for the proposed method is being investigated, proving that the Hermite wavelet expansion is uniformly convergent. A test example is presented for different values of the parameters, and the obtained results are compared to other relevant methods from the literature. The process proves to have the ability to produce accurate results than the other compared methods. Some graphical representations for the problem are drawn to illustrate the behavior of the solution

A Numerical Study on Seismic Characteristics of Stepback Buildings considering SSI Effect

From previous studies it is observed that seismic forces are affecting the behaviour of vertical irregular buildings. Stepback buildings are subset of these vertical irregular buildings. Many of these stepback buildings are constructed due to scarcity of level ground. Past studies reveal that, the stepback buildings failed vulnerably due to seismic effect. Further the effect of soil where these buildings founded also influences the failure of the buildings. Hence in this present study an attempt has been made to observe the behaviour of stepback buildings considering soil structure interaction (SSI) effect using Finite element analysis. Continuum modelling approach has been adopted to analyse these buildings resting on 20°, 25°and 30°ground slopes. Results such as resonance frequency and storey displacements are presented adopting time history analysis for both fixed base and flexible base condition