Effectiveness of herbal toothpaste with Ambon Banana tree sap extract (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) on inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans serotype-d (omz-176) bacteria

Background: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Ambon banana stem sap extract against Streptococcus mutans serotype-d (OMZ-176) and to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of toothpaste formulated with Ambon banana stem sap extract, along with its antibacterial activity against S. mutans serotype-d (OMZ-176). Methods: This study involved the extraction of Ambon banana stem sap, its phytochemical and antibacterial testing, and the formulation of herbal toothpaste. Quality tests included homogeneity, viscosity, pH, foaming, and spreadability. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and ANOVA to assess effectiveness and product quality. Findings: The research employed an experimental method on a laboratory scale. Ambon banana stem sap extract inhibited the growth of S. mutans at concentrations of 600 mg/mL and 700 mg/mL, with inhibition zone diameters of 9.405 ± 0.0613 mm and 10.623 ± 0.0044 mm, respectively. Toothpaste containing Ambon banana stem sap extract at a concentration of 600 mg/mL exhibited characteristics of a creamy color, thick consistency, homogeneity, a pH of 9.4, foam height of 0.8 cm, viscosity of 196.58 dPa·s, and a spreadability of 3.65 cm. Meanwhile, toothpaste with a 700 mg/mL extract concentration had a brownish color, thick consistency, homogeneity, a pH of 9.43, foam height of 0.5 cm, viscosity of 196.65 dPa·s, and a spreadability of 3.38 cm. Both toothpaste formulations at 600 mg/mL and 700 mg/mL were effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans, with inhibition zone diameters of 13.6233 ± 0.8519 mm and 11.565 ± 0.8674 mm, respectively, categorized as strong inhibition. Novelty/Originality of this Study:This study presents an innovative approach to oral health by using Ambon banana stem sap as a fluoride alternative, showing strong antibacterial properties and offering a safer, natural option for effective oral care

The potential of ingestible sensors combined with family involvement interventions for medication supervision in Tuberculosis patients: A literature review

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease that remains the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases globally. A major challenge in eliminating TB, despite it being preventable and curable, is the low adherence to treatment. This literature review aims to provide insights into the potential of ingestible sensors combined with family involvement interventions for medication supervision in TB patients, ensuring that medications are actually swallowed and addressing a key limitation of the previous DOT method. Methods: This study used a literature review method with the keywords "family engagement intervention", "digestible sensor", and "tuberculosis [MeSH]" to search databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Inclusion criteria included in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, cohort studies, comparative analysis studies, and reviews published in the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria included incomplete studies, inaccessible papers, and non-English/Indonesian texts. After applying these criteria, 35 journals and 1 book were selected for review and analysis. Findings: Ingestible sensors have shown over 80% effectiveness in monitoring medication adherence by providing real-time data for precise treatment adjustments. When combined with family involvement, these interventions address psychosocial barriers like stigma and lack of support, further improving adherence. This synergy significantly reduces non-compliance, prevents drug resistance, and enhances treatment outcomes for TB patients. Conclusion: Ingestible sensors combined with family involvement offer a more effective approach to TB treatment by ensuring medication is swallowed and providing psychosocial support, reducing risks of transmission, relapse, and drug resistance. However, equitable access and adequate infrastructure, supported by government and societal cooperation, are crucial for the successful implementation of this system globally. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study explores the innovative use of ingestible sensors combined with family involvement to improve TB treatment adherence, offering a novel contribution to TB management

Analisis kinerja petugas puskesmas Baumata dan Naibonat terhadap pencapaian standar pelayanan minimal kesehatan di kabupaten Kupang

Performance is the level of achievement of the implementation of an activity, program, or policy within an organization. The SPM reports of Baumata and Naiboant Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) indicate that there was no significant improvement in the years 2020 and 2021. The achievement trend displayed fluctuation. The insignificant improvement is also reflected in several indicators showing a decline. This study aims to analyze the impact of the performance of Community Health Center staff on the achievement of Health Sector SPM in Kupang District. The method used in this research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach, with the population in this study being all staff of Baumata and Naibonat Community Health Centers, totaling 75 people. The sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling, where all populations are used as samples. Data were analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression test, indicating that work motivation, organizational support, and competence variables have a significant relationship with the performance of staff at Baumata and Naibonat Community Health Centers with sig. p values of 0.03, 0.01, and 0.000 (p < 0.05), respectively. Therefore, work motivation, organizational support, and staff competence need to be improved for better service in achieving the designated SPM targets

Analysis of waste generation characteristics as a reference for TPS 3R planning in community-based waste management efforts

Background: Waste management is a critical issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas like Pandansari Lor Village in Malang Regency. Improper waste disposal practices, such as open burning and dumping in rivers, pose environmental and health hazards. This study aims to analyze the waste generation characteristics in Pandansari Lor Village as a baseline for planning a community-based Reduce, Reuse, Recycl waste processing site/Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (TPS 3R). Method: A waste sampling method was conducted following the SNI 19-3964-1994 guidelines to measure the waste generation rate, density, and composition. Findings: Household waste data analysis shows that low-income households generate 39.1% of the total waste, while middle and high income households contribute 28.7% and 32.2%, respectively. The amount of waste per day was recorded at 9.73 kg on Friday for low income households, while for middle and high income households, the highest amount of waste occurred on Monday with 8.56 kg and 9.09 kg, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate fluctuations in waste generation patterns based on income levels, with certain days producing larger amounts of waste. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes a 3R TPS model adapted to rural waste, focusing on organic waste composting and plastic recycling. This model is designed to increase community participation in waste management through community-based education and empowerment

The application of PPE at the Juanda meteorological station (BMKG)

The application of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) is an important step in maintaining employees’ safety and health in their work environment. Even though BMKG is not involved in heavy industrial activities, there are still potential hazards and risks that need to be addressed in carrying out meteorological, climatological, and geophysical tasks. This study aims to describe the importance of implementing PPE in the BMKG environment, especially the Aviation Meteorological Station, where we took a case study at the Juanda Meteorological Station. First, we identify potential hazards that may be faced by BMKG employees, such as radiation risk, potential for hazardous gas explosions or fires, extreme weather conditions, and risks of physical injury. In the face of these risks, the use of proper PPE can help protect employees from hazardous exposures, and gas explosions and prevent injury. Next, we discuss the factors that need to be considered in implementing PPE at the BMKG. This includes a comprehensive risk assessment, identification of appropriate PPE for specific hazards, training of employees on the use and care of PPE, and regular monitoring and maintenance of the PPE used. Therefore, by implementing the Occupational Health and Safety Management System, in this case, the application of PPE, BMKG can ensure that employees have a safe and healthy work environment, reduce the risk of work accidents, and comply with applicable regulations and standards related to work safety

Kesehatan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja kasus kondisi emergensi di tempat kerja

Workplace accidents refer to unintended incidents or events resulting in human loss, disruption of work processes, or property damage in industrial work environments. The impacts of workplace accidents include physical injuries, work-related illnesses, property damage, economic losses, and social consequences. Various steps can be taken to prevent workplace accidents, including the implementation of workplace safety regulations and standards, compliance with safety requirements, provision of safety education and training for workers, safety supervision and inspections, and the formation of a safety culture in the workplace. The Indonesian government has taken steps through various policies to reduce workplace accident incidents. The aluminum industry is one sector with a high risk of workplace accidents. This is due to the aluminum production process involving hazardous stages, heavy machinery use, specialized equipment, and complex chemical processes. One emergency situation that can occur in the aluminum industry is fire, as seen in the case of the fire at PT Aluminium Indonesia's factory in Pergudangan Manis, Curug, Tangerang. This fire was caused by sparks from welding that hit aluminum coils intended for making aluminum foil near the welding site. The author aims to delve deeper into this case, including the risk factors, hazards faced, and ways to prevent and handle such fire incidents. This objective aims to provide a better understanding of workplace accidents, especially fires, in the aluminum industry and how to prevent them

The Impact of iron tablet administration and nutritional counseling: Hemoglobin level improvement in anemic pregnant women

Objective: According to the 2013 Riskesdas, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 37.1%. Data from the Pariaman City Health Office showed that the prevalence of anemia in 2014 was 43.1%. This study aims to determine the effect of iron (Fe) tablets and nutritional counseling on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in the Pariaman City area in 2016. Methods: This study is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The study population consisted of third-trimester pregnant women with anemia, divided into two groups: the Fe tablet group (n=20) and the Fe tablet plus nutritional counseling group (n=20). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Dependent T-Test statistical test. Results: The results showed that the average knowledge score in the Fe group was 0.3, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 1.4. The average change in knowledge scores between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.002). The average attitude score in the Fe group was 2.15, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 2.75. The average change in attitude scores between the two groups was not significant (p=0.205). The average action score in the Fe group was 1.050, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 2.7. The average change in action scores between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.002). The average difference in hemoglobin levels in the Fe group was 0.280, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 0.690. The average change in hemoglobin levels between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.008). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the provision of Fe supplementation and nutritional counseling results in a higher increase in hemoglobin levels compared to Fe tablets alone. It is hoped that nutritionists in the field will be more active in providing nutritional counseling to pregnant women with anemia to increase their knowledge about anemia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes an integrated nutritional intervention model combining Fe tablets with a community-based interactive nutritional counselling program. This model can increase the effectiveness of anaemia control programs in pregnant women by combining supplementation and education

Berbagai genus bakteri pada eksoskeleton lalat di pasar tradisional: Kajian pustaka

The existence of traditional markets is needed to fulfill the needs of life. However, the condition of traditional markets is less clean and even polluted so that it is inhabited by flies. Flies are animals that can become pathogenic agents and one of them is bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the various genus of bacteria in flies in traditional markets. The methods used were literature study and qualitative research. From the results of the review of several articles, it is known that there are three dominant fly species in traditional markets, namely Musca domestica, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis and Chrysomya megacephala. From the three fly species, seven genus of bacteria were found, namely Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Providencia, and Serratia. Some of the bacteria originated from animal feces, meat, fish, polluted water infested by flies as pathogen-carrying agents. The fly species strongly suspected to be the most pathogen-carrying agent was Chrysomya megacephala as it was present in all markets. It can be concluded that in Traditional Markets there are three dominant fly species that carry seven genus of bacteria that can be identified and Chrysomya megacephala is the most pathogen-carrying agent

Biofortified biscuits with indigenous plants: An innovative approach to prevent stunting in early childhood

Background: The increase in human living standards is in line with the demands of public health quality. Stunting in Indonesia has reached 37.2%, placing it in fifth place in the world and becoming one of the five major health problems being addressed by the government. This study aims to find the right biscuit formulation from cassava leaves and cowpea seeds as an effort to prevent stunting. Methods: Making biscuits needs to be preceded by making cassava leaf paste and winged bean seed flour and then determining various formulations. Variations in winged bean seed flour formulation: cassava leaf paste, namely F1 (20:10), F2 (25:15), F3 (30:10). Biscuits are made using the cream method, namely mixing sugar, skim milk, margarine and egg yolks until homogeneous then adding wheat flour, winged bean seed flour, cassava leaf paste, water and leavening agent. The dough is rolled, molded and baked at 170 o C for 30 minutes. Findings: after carrying out organoleptic tests to measure product quality and determine the best formulation, it turned out that F2 was the biscuit formulation that the panelists liked most. Conclusion: The development of stunting prevention biscuits from cassava leaves and winged bean seeds is a potential solution. The next step is to disseminate this product as part of a stunting prevention strategy in the community. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The use of local agricultural resources, specifically winged bean seeds and cassava leaves, to develop a nutritious and affordable biscuit aimed at preventing stunting is an innovative approach that not only addresses the chronic malnutrition problem but also supports local economies by utilizing underutilized crops

Analysis of the adoption process of instant noodle giving behavior to toddlers: A phenomenological study of learn, feel, and do in mothers

Background: Instant noodles given by mother to toddler can be bad for the toddler's health, especially if presented without additional material containing protein, minerals or vitamins. The purpose of this study is to determine the stage of learning, feel and experience by informants in adopting the behavior of giving instant noodles to toddlers. Method: Researchers use qualitative approach methods with phenomenology design. The research data was collected through interviews and observation of 23 informants consisting of mother of toddler, family of toddler and Nutritional Implementer of health center/Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Turikale. The data is then processed using content analysis. Findings: Sources of informant information are personal experiences, friends, television and internet. Informants know the side effects of instant noodles such as allergies, digestive disorders, and addictions. Informants also looked at instant noodles as a practical food, affordable, easy to find, and to increase the appetite of toddlers. Conclusion: Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that at the stage of learning is found the reason for giving instant noodles due to the child's desire factor and belief to the excess of instant noodles, while at the feel of informant stage confident of the danger of instant noodle but not bigger than the child's desire factor, to stage do with the pattern of adoption trial-do is to try some practices such as giving instant noodles that are not berkuah with additional ingredients that informants provide eggs and green mustard greens. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the use of the learn, feel, and do approach to analyze the process of adopting instant noodle-giving behavior in toddlers, focusing on the mother's internal conflict and the trial-do adoption pattern. This study is also unique because it uses a phenomenological method to explore various factors influencing mothers' decisions, including social, economic, and psychological aspects, and identifies diverse sources of information shaping their knowledge and perceptions