Alpha methanol city: IoT-integrated energy independent city concept as a realization of Sustainable Development Goals 2030

Background: Climate change, driven by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, necessitates innovative approaches to achieve sustainability. Indonesia's energy and industrial sectors are significant contributors to these emissions. Traditional CO₂ mitigation strategies, like reforestation, face limitations due to land and time requirements. Thus, technological solutions are critical to address the urgent climate crisis. Methods: This study introduces the Alpha Methanol City (AMC) concept, integrating direct air capture-carbon recycle society (DAC-CRS) systems with renewable energy sources, specifically solar and wind power, alongside IoT and big data technologies. Data were collected through an extensive literature review, analyzing advancements in DAC technology, renewable energy and IoT systems. Theoretical and practical insights were synthesized to propose an energy-independent city model. Findings: The AMC concept processes atmospheric CO₂ into methanol, leveraging renewable energy to reduce operational costs and emissions. IoT and smart grid technologies enable real-time monitoring, optimizing energy use and system performance. SWOT analysis highlighted strengths such as environmental impact and energy independence, alongside challenges like high initial costs and technical complexities. The integration of circular economy principles further enhances AMC’s sustainability. Conclusion: AMC presents a transformative model for urban sustainability by addressing CO₂ emissions and promoting renewable energy adoption. With an implementation timeline of approximately ten years, the concept provides a replicable framework for global sustainable urban development. Novelty/Originality of this article:This study uniquely integrates DAC technology with IoT and renewable energy to create a self-sustaining urban environment. By combining carbon recycling, smart energy management, and circular economy principles, AMC offers a holistic solution to climate and energy challenges, positioning it as a groundbreaking model for sustainable cities

Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production: Environmental impact analysis and POME waste utilization

Background: Indonesia is still an energy importer, especially in the form of crude oil and fuel products to meet the needs of its industrial sector. The reduced production of fossil energy, especially oil, as well as the global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, has prompted the Indonesian government to continue to support the role of new and renewable energy. The production of palm oil-based biodiesel is faced with a number of environmental problems, which may occur from the release of emissions during the production of FFB (Fresh Fruit Bunches), CPO (Crude Palm Oil), and biodiesel. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compile an LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) covering the production of FFB, CPO, and biodiesel; analyze the environmental impact of the CPO bodysel production process which includes CO2 (eq) emissions, acidification and eutrophication; and develop a life cycle concept for biodiesel production from palm oil as a renewable energy. Methods: The method used in this study is a combination of quantitative LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and qualitative. Findings: The results of this study are LCI in 1 ton of biodiesel consisting of NPK fertilizer of 141.1 Kg; herbicide (0.25 Kg); water (1578 m3), diesel oil (25 Kg); fresh fruit bunches of 5.67 tons; electricity of 33.8 kWh, POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) (3,47 m3), CPO needed for biodiesel conversion of 1.17 tons; methanol (0.41 tons), and 0.01 tons of Sodium Hydroxide. The total CO2 emission (eq) of biodiesel production from palm oil is 1489 Kg CO2 (eq), eutrophication is 1.12 Kg PO43- (eq) and acidification is 3.06 Kg SO2 (eq). With the largest contribution of CO2 (eq) emissions in CPO production and the contribution of eutrophication and acidification in oil palm plantations or FFB production (Fresh Fruit Bunches). Environmental hotspot of LCA, CO2 (eq) emissions from palm oil biodiesel production show that 53% mainly comes from POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) waste, other contributors are NPK fertilizers (23%), methanol (18%), and diesel oil (7%). Hotspot eutrophication showed that 61% mainly came from NPK fertilizer, methanol (20%), diesel oil (11%), and POME waste (8%). Hotspot acidification showed that 48% mainly came from NPK fertilizers, methanol (28%), POME waste (13%), and diesel oil (11%). Conclusion: The concept of a biodiesel production life cycle can be applied with the best alternative utilization of POME waste with a priority weighting of 0.357 and a CO2(eq) emission criterion of 0.494. From the optimization of the life cycle of biodiesel production with the use of POME, the potential for emission reduction is 667.2 Kg CO2 (eq). Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study's novel application of LCA evaluates the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from palm oil in Indonesia, identifying critical hotspots in CO2 emissions, eutrophication, and acidification. Additionally, it proposes an innovative optimization approach by utilizing POME to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting a viable path for enhancing the sustainability of biodiesel production

Strategi masyarakat pesisir Margolinduk dalam penanganan banjir rob serta implikasi terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan

Margolinduk Village is one of the coastal villages on the north coast of Central Java which is worst affected by the tidal floods in Demak Regency. The various losses felt by the people of Margolinduk Village due to tidal floods have not reduced the resilience of the people to stay put. So that various handling efforts are deployed by the community in order to survive. However, so far there has been no research that examines the strategies of the Margolinduk Village community in dealing with tidal floods. Therefore, this research aims to find out the strategies used by the Margolinduk Village community in dealing with tidal floods and the implications for attitudes toward caring for the environment. Community efforts to deal with tidal floods should lead to concern for the environment. However, this attitude of caring for the environment must be proven by measuring indicators of caring for the environment. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The number of samples used in this research was 30 people taken by purposive sampling. The Margolinduk Village community's strategy for dealing with tidal floods is by raising house buildings and looking for other alternative jobs. Even though the education level of the people of Margolinduk Village is still relatively low, the attitude of caring for the environment of the people of Margolinduk Village is in the very good category. Thus, what is found in this research is that attitudes that care about the environment do not always arise because of the knowledge taught at school. Direct experiences or individual impacts due to tidal floods have deep emotional and practical dimensions, thus playing a crucial role in shaping changes in attitudes and behavior towards greater environmental awareness

The study of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste utilization into particle board

This research discusses related to one of the processing of waste, especially HDPE waste. HDPE waste is another alternative besides wood to make particle board. HDPE particle board takes advantage of these properties to provide a strong and durable alternative. The use of HDPE particle board provides significant benefits in the context of sustainability and the environment. In the manufacture of particle board in this study there were differences in temperature variations, so the variable in this study was temperature. Sample A has a temperature of 130° and sample B has a temperature of 160°. The particle board is pressed for 20 minutes using a hot press machine using 1 x 1 m molding. Testing of this HDPE particle board includes testing of physical properties, namely in the form of Density and chemical testing in the form of Acidity resistance and Alkalinity resistance. The standards in this study refer to SNI 03-2105-2006 regarding Particle Boards, SNI 01-7201-2006 regarding Plywood and block boards with beautiful paper faces, and ASTM D543. The density test showed a value of 0.90 gr/cm3 in the average sample A and 0.75 gr/cm3 in the average sample A. The results of the ANOVA analysis on the Density test showed that there was a significant difference between each sample and each treatment. the results of the t-Test showed that the treatment of sample A did not meet the standard, while the treatment of sample B met the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard. The acidity and alkalinity resistance were tested visually with the results that the temperature at 130° was more susceptible to reaction than the temperature at 160° Objectives: To find out the result of Density test, Acidity, and Alkalinity resistance of HDPE Particle Board is it already fulfill the standard ; To determine the temperature that has the most significant impact on the performance of HDPE Particle Board. Method and results: 1) Process of making the Particle Board, the process are include material preparation, material weighing, shredding, cleaning, drying, and pressing. 2) Sample Testing, the treatment that used is about variation of temperature. Variable that be used in this study consist of Density, Acidity, & Alkalinity. 3) Data Analysis, by using ANOVA Single Factor and t-Test. Conclusion: The results of Density test by t-Test analysis showed that the treatment of sample A did not meet the standard, while the treatment of sample B already fulfill the SNI 03-2105-2006. In Acidity and Alkalinity resistance there are indicators according to SNI 01-7201-2006 in the form of softening and open cracks in several samples. Density test results show the variable B (160°) is at 0.75 gr/cm3 and already fulfil the standard. Visual test results of Acidity and Alkalinity resistance show the variable B (160°) is more resistant to the effects of acids and bases. So that the optimal variable is at a temperature of 160°.&nbsp

Green awareness and green product: A direction for sustainable consumption

Various parties are trying to prevent and overcome this problem in various ways. People are beginning to receive news, invites, education, and ads to raise their awareness of environmental sustainability. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the damaging effects that their purchases have on the environment. With green awareness increasing among consumers, they take steps to support the sustainability of the environment, one way is to use environmentally friendly products or green products. This study aims to find out how trends in research on how green awareness encourage consumer interest in buying and using green products. Descriptive bibliometric analysis is the research methodology employed. The Scopus database was utilized by researchers to locate data. Through four refinement procedures (identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion), 102 publishing data were acquired. The VOS Viewer tool will be used to examine the data. Compared to previous years, 2022 has published the most articles (28 publications). Citation trends related to green awareness and green products occurred in 2016 with 456 citations. China is the most influential nation in this field, with 29 publications and 14 connections to international collaboration.  Research on Green Products and Green Awareness is centered on 1) consumption, green consumption, and manufacturer; 2) green purchase behavior, green purchase, and environmental knowledge; 3) policy maker, TPB, and perception

Mitigating environmental pollution from tofu industry wastewater: Case of Suyanto Tofu Factory, Mojokerto

Background: This research investigates the impact of tofu industry wastewater on the aquatic environment at the Suyanto Tofu Factory, Mojokerto. The tofu industry produces liquid waste that contains high pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), so it has the potential to pollute local rivers. Although the Suyanto Tofu Factory has wastewater treatment facilities, these facilities are currently not functioning, indicating an urgent need to design a new wastewater treatment plant. In this context, the research aims to determine the volume of wastewater produced, analyze BOD, COD, TSS and pH levels in wastewater, and design sustainable wastewater treatment facilities for the tofu industry. Methods: The method used is planning the design Constructed Wetland system with water hyacinth plants . This method is expected to minimize the environmental impact of tofu wastewater, protect the surrounding aquatic ecosystem, and comply with environmental regulations. Findings: This research found a wastewater treatment plant model using a pond system Sanita (Constructed Wetland ) which can reduce tofu waste effectively and sustainably is very important to maintain water quality and river ecosystems around the Suyanto Tofu Factory. Conclusion: The liquid waste at the Suyanto tofu factory has high levels of acidity and organic pollutants, with a pH of 3.91, TSS of 1050 mg/L, BOD of 2063 mg/L, and COD of 5135 mg/L. The factory uses a wastewater management design involving Sanita Pond processing with Eichhornia crassipes plants, effectively reducing the organic content in the waste. Novelty/Originality of this Study: By proposing a Constructed Wetland system for tofu industry wastewater treatment, this research introduces an innovative, sustainable solution tailored to local conditions, potentially revolutionizing waste management practices in small-scale food industries

The potential of ecoenzymes on vegetative and generative growth in curly chili plants (Capsicum annuum)

Background: Red hot chili (Capsicum annum) is one of the important commodities for the community. The use of inorganic fertilizers in chili cultivation in the long run can disturb the soil balance. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to maintain and improve soil aggregation, so that soil particles more easily bind organic matter. One important effort is to apply organic fertilizer to the soil. One alternative liquid organic fertilizer that can be used is Ecoenzyme (EE). EE is the result of fermentation of organic kitchen waste such as leftover fruit and vegetable peels, molasses and water. This study was conducted to obtain the optimal concentration of EE on the growth and chlorophyll levels in Capsicum annum plants. Methods: There were 6 treatments in this study, namely E0 (no treatment as negative control), E1 (goat manure with soil: husk: fertilizer ratio of 1:2:1 as positive control), and different concentrations of EE, namely, E2 (EE 1 ml/1 liter of water), E3 (EE 5 ml/1 liter of water), E4 (EE 10 ml/1 liter of water) and E5 (EE 15 ml/1 liter of water). Findings: The results of significance data analysis with Duncan at the 5% level showed that treatment E1 was significantly different from the other treatments and treatment E4 showed different results but not significant with other EE treatments based on vegetative and generative growth parameters. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the optimal concentration of EE to increase growth and chlorophyll levels in curly chili plants at a dose of EE 10 ml/1 liter of water. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The novelty of this investigation lies in its examination of the effects of ecoenzyme, an organic liquid fertilizer derived from fermented kitchen waste, on the growth and chlorophyll content of curly chili (Capsicum annuum) plants. This research is unique as it applies ecoenzyme to a horticultural crop that has not been extensively studied in this context, offering insights into sustainable agriculture practices and nutrient recycling

Structure of the macrozoobenthos community in Buai River, Pulau Tengah, Keliling Danau District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province

Background: Buai River is a river located in the village of Jembatan Merah Pulau Tengah, Keliling Danau District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. Sungai Buai with topographic conditions in the form of a hilly highland area, surrounded by mountains and dense forests so that it has a heterogeneous microhabitat and is still natural for macrozoobenthos. Therefore, a study was conducted on the presence and structure of macrozoobenthos in the Sungai Buai area of Central Island. This study aims to analyze the structure of the macrozoobenthos community based on the composition of the macrozoobenthos species, density, diversity, dominance and distribution of macrozoobenthos in the waters of the Buai River. This research is expected to provide information in the form of scientific data and knowledge about the structure of the macrozoobenthos community in the waters of the Buai River to be used as comparative data for future research. This research was conducted from January to February 2022. Method: The research method used is a quantitative descriptive method, which is to describe and evaluate a symptom or event that appears systematically. Determination of research stations is done by purposive sampling method, which is taken five stations based on environmental baseline. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the composition, macrozoobenthos density, Diversity Index, Dominance Index and Community Similarity Index between stations. Findings: The results showed that there were 5 classes, 11 orders, 26 families and 42 genera. Diversity values ranged from 1,4 to 2,45 which was classified as moderate, the dominance ranged from 0.1 to 0.45, and the similarity of the macrozoobenthic community in Sungai Buai 60.71% - 82.54% the similarity of the macrozoobenthos was relatively the same with little organic pollution. Conclusion: Based on the structure of the macrozoobenthos community in the Buai River, Central Island, it can be concluded that the Buai Pulau Tengah River, Keliling Danau District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province is still classified as very good. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study presents novel findings by revealing the structure of the macrozoobenthos community in a relatively undisturbed highland river surrounded by dense forests, which provide a unique heterogeneous microhabitat. It contributes original data on the species composition, density, diversity, and distribution of macrozoobenthos in this specific region, offering a baseline for future comparative studies

Remote sensing analysis of base cover of the water in Bontosua Island, Pangkajene and Islands Regency

Background: Among the Spermonde Archipelago is strategically important and predominantly medieval islands is Bontosua Island. In order to preserve the health and vitality of the ecosystems, the local communities on this island actively participate in environmental conservation. With the help of this study, the bottom cover of the waters surrounding Bontosua Island, Pangkajene Regency, and the archipelago will be mapped, and the relationships between various types of bottom cover will be ascertained. Methods: From March to September of 2022, the study was carried out. Images from the Sentinel-2A satellite were obtained on July 29, 2021. Using the Lyzenga procedure and the values ki/kj = 0.876875437 and a = -0.280796034, water column adjustment was carried out. The Unsupervised Classification approach was used to classify the images, and the Rapid Reef Assessment (RRA) method was used to verify the bottom water cover in the field. Findings: With a total area of 69.42 hectares, the results revealed seven dominating objects: deep sea, sand, dead coral, dead coral with algae, and coral debris (11.17 ha), living coral (17.32 ha), broken coral (12.73 ha), sand (4.43 ha), seagrass (12.61 ha), and dead coral with algae (11.16 ha). Conclusion: In the waters surrounding Bontosua Island, live coral constituted the greatest portion of the bottom cover, accounting for 25% of the total, while sand made up the least amount, just 6%. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The study on Bontosua Island's water bottom cover is novel due to its use of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery combined with the Lyzenga procedure and Unsupervised Classification approach, offering high-resolution mapping of underwater ecosystems. Additionally, the study's comprehensive classification and verification process through RRA provides detailed insights into the distribution and health of various bottom cover types, contributing to enhanced environmental conservation efforts in the Spermonde Archipelago

Keunggulan pati kulit singkong (Manihot esculenta) sebagai bahan pembuatan edible film ramah lingkungan

The use of plastic packaging is difficult to decompose by microbes, this raises the idea of making edible films in food packaging. Cassava peel starch can be the main component material in making this edible film, because its content can be used as an edible film making material and can reduce cassava peel waste. The aim is to understand and recognize the effectiveness of making edible film from cassava peel starch because the utilization of cassava peel as agroindustrial waste of cassava processing can be useful to reduce the amount of cassava peel waste and the use of plastic. The research method used is the literature study method. Cassava peel is the most effective material for making edible film.  Researchers should conduct further research related to the use of natural materials that can make edible films more durable than before