From Dorms to Dining Tables: How Social Support Influences PCOS Management in College Students

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted condition that affects both physiological and psychological well-being, ultimately affecting the quality of life. This study aims to explore the importance of family support in the management of socio-emotional symptoms of PCOS in college students, particularly by comparing the experiences of students living with family and those who live independently in and around the college campus.The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) provided quantitative data for this mixed-methods study, while in-depth interviews provided qualitative insights. Emotional health, body hair, weight, infertility, and irregular menstruation were all evaluated by the PCOSQ. 34 college students with PCOS were included in the sample. 10 participants also participated in semi-structured interviews, which uncovered themes like the relevance of peer and community connections in lowering emotional isolation, the usefulness of family support, and challenges in independently managing PCOS-related stress. When taken as a whole, the results provide a thorough picture of young adult PCOS.The results revealed noteworthy findings where students who lived with family members reported significantly higher quality of life scores. Participants living with family underscored the value of consistent shared responsibility for health management and highlighted access to nutritious home-cooked meals, which positively impacted their physiological symptoms. In contrast, those residing independently appreciated their autonomy and, while facing challenges in practical support, reported receiving greater emotional support from friends and dorm mates than from family. The integration of quantitative and qualitative data provided a nuanced understanding of how familial social support affects the management of PCOS.These findings highlight the profound impact on how important social support, particularly from family, is in helping college students manage PCOS. To improve mental health and general quality of life, future initiatives should concentrate on family-centered interventions, peer support networks, and focused resources for independent learners

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEAF TRICHOME IN DIVERSE HABIT OF SOME CASSIA SPECIES

Epidermal trichomes areoften seen in the surface view of the leaf lamina. They are diverse structure and functions. Trichome plays crucial role in the identification of plantsThey may be unicellular or multicellular and are further classified on the basis of absence or presence of glands.They aredefendant for plants against plant against natural hazards such as herbivores, plants from extreme high or low temperature, drought, ultraviolet (UV) radiations, pathogen attacks andreduce excessive transpirationWang et, al. (2021).In the present study 6 Species belonging to the genusCassia were selectedit include two herb speciesC.absus L.,C. uniflora Mill., inshrub C.occidentalis L., C. alata L. and in tree C. siamea Lamk.,C. surattensis Burm. In these species diversity of trichomes,their structuralmorphological differences were studied.This review provides reference towards Taxonomic, Anatomical Study, Phylogeny and relationship among species of Cassia genus

Comparative studies on efficacy of the Leishman-Giemsa stains, Hematoxylin-Eosin & Papanicolaou stains for cytological diagnosis of oral lesions

Oral potentially malignant disorders are the precursors of oral cancers in India. Severealcoholism, use of tobacco like cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, betel nut chewing and humanpapilloma virus (HPV) are the most common risk factors for oral potentially disorder andmay also occur due to poor dental care and poor diet. The incidence of oral cancer is highest inIndia, South and Southeast Asian countries.Papanicolaou (PAP) stain is the routine and universal stain for the cytological procedure and iseasy and quick to perform for screening programs. The Leishman-Giemsa (LG) is an easy, cost–effective one-step technique. It needs less time and less infrastructural support. TheHematoxylin-Eosin stains are used routinely in Histopathological procedures. These newerstains like, LG are not much been utilized in oral exfoliative cytology. Hence, the present studywas designed to carry out the qualitative evaluation of cytological smears of patients with pre-malignant lesions using three different stains that are H&E, PAP, and LG. This is to ascertain theefficiency and reliability of these stains in evaluating cellular and nuclear atypia and correlatingthe cytopathological and histopathological grade

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR NOCTURNAL ASTHMA USING FICUS RELIGIOSA

Up to 75% of asthmatics experience nocturnal asthma, marked by early morning flare-ups due to increased bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Conventional continuous-release medications often fail to provide optimal control during these critical hours. This study aims to develop a Chronomodulated Pulsatile Drug Delivery System (PDDS) using the Pulsincap platform for targeted drug release in sync with circadian rhythms. The system incorporates Ficus religiosa (peepal tree) extracts, known for their anti-inflammatory properties, particularly due to their quercetin content, offering a natural therapeutic approach with minimal side effects.The PDDS features a hydrogel plug to ensure delayed drug release, timed to coincide with peak asthma symptoms. The formulation was optimized through ex vivo pharmacological assessments, stability tests, and in vitro drug release studies, demonstrating effective and consistent drug release at the desired time. The results revealed significant anti-asthmatic potential, stable performance under various conditions, and enhanced symptom control. By combining chronotherapy with herbal medicine, this system improves asthma management by reducing side effects and boosting patient adherence. Moreover, the PDDS platform offers broader potential for treating other circadian-related conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension, paving the way for tailored, time-specific therapies with improved clinical outcomes

DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF HONEY-FLAVOURED YOGURT SUPPLEMENTED WITH PAPAYA AND GRAPE PULP

The demand for functional dairy products enriched with natural bioactive compounds has increased in recent years. This study aimed to develop honey-flavoured yogurt supplemented with papaya (Carica papaya) and seedless black grape (Vitisvinifera) pulp, and to evaluate its sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological characteristics during refrigerated storage. Yogurt samples were prepared using fresh cow’s milk, starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and traditional yogurt culture), fruit pulp (10%), and honey at varying concentrations (5–9%). Sensory evaluation was conducted using a 9-point hedonic scale, while physicochemical properties (fat, protein, moisture, total solids, acidity, and pH) and microbial safety (coliform, yeast, and mould count) were also assessed. Results indicated that the formulation containing 10% fruit pulp and 9% honey (S2) achieved the highest sensory acceptability, particularly in terms of colour, flavour, and textur

A Study on Serum Testosterone Levels in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Males in a Tertiary Care Centre at Ariyur, Puducherry

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus is on a rise each year that rises the complications caused by the metabolic disorder. The complications include the microvascular and macrovascular ones. It was estimated that in the year 2019, 1.6 million died due to diabetes mellitus and is expected to only increase in the upcoming years. Studies had reported lower levels of testosterone among males suffering from type II diabetes than those who had no diabetes.Aim and objectives:The present study was done to compare the testosterone levels between those with type II diabetes mellitus and who were normal. The secondary objective was to correlate serum total cholesterol with the glycaemic status.Methodology:This cross sectional study carried out in a tertiary care hospital at Puducherry for a period of one year. Diabetic and non-diabetic males who were above 18 years of age attending to the outpatient department and inpatients were the study participants.Results and Discussion:Serum Testosterone was found in lower range among Type 2 Diabetic Males when compared to non-diabetic males which was statistically significant. The serum testosterone levels were also negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and HbA1C levels, respectively

Navigating Role Conflict and Emotional Strain: A Qualitative Study on the Psycho-Social Challenges of Special Educators in Inclusive Education

Special educators working in inclusive education settings face significant psycho-social challenges, particularly in managing role conflict and emotional strain. Balancing responsibilities such as teaching, advocacy, and providing emotional support to students with disabilities often leads to role ambiguity and stress (Forlin, 2019). Through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this research explores how these challenges impact educators’ emotional well-being and professional satisfaction. Findings reveal that role conflict and emotional exhaustion are prevalent, with educators frequently overwhelmed by the competing demands of their roles (Hughes et al., 2021). Coping strategies, including peer support, self-care, and professional development, were identified as vital in managing stress and maintaining well-being (Miller et al., 2020). This study highlights the need for greater institutional support to address these challenges, emphasizing the importance of policies that promote emotional resilience and professional satisfaction among special educators, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of inclusive education (Lindsay, 2020)

Analyzing the long-term effects of beta-blocker therapy on cardiac function and mortality rates in post-myocardial infarction patients: A Systematic Review

Background:Beta-blockers are foundational in the management of myocardial infarction (MI). However, their long-term utility in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%) remains uncertain in the modern reperfusion era.Objective:To systematically review and synthesize contemporary evidence evaluating the impact of long-term beta-blocker therapy on mortality, reinfarction, and hemodynamic outcomes in post-MI patients with preserved ejection fraction.Methods:A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews evaluating long-term beta-blocker therapy in post-MI patients with LVEF ≥50%.Results:Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority found no significant mortality benefit associated with long-term beta-blockers in patients without heart failure. Subgroup analyses showed potential benefits in individuals with elevated heart rate or hypertension. Several studies emphasized the short-term utility of beta-blockers, particularly within the first year post-MI.Conclusion:In the era of modern revascularization and medical therapy, the routine continuation of beta-blockers in MI survivors with preserved EF may not confer long-term survival benefits. A tailored, patient-centered approach should guide therapy decisions

To identify the trend of agroclimatic variabilities of eastern U. P.

This study analyzes the annual trends of maximum temperature,minimum temperature, and rainfall across the agroclimatic zones—NEPZ,EPZ, and Vindhyan zone—of Eastern Uttar Pradesh from 2004 to 2023.Linear trend analysis indicated a consistent rise in both maximum andminimum temperatures, while rainfall exhibited a declining trend across allzones. The Mann-Kendall test was employed to determine the statisticalsignificance of these trends at the district level. Results revealed thatmaximum temperature trends were significantly increasing in Ayodhya,Mirzapur, and Sonbhadra, while minimum temperature trends weresignificant in Kushinagar and Sonbhadra. Rainfall trends showed significantincreases only in Varanasi and Sonbhadra, with other districts showing nostatistically significant changes. The findings suggest emerging climaticshifts that may impact agriculture, requiring climate-resilient strategiestailored to district-specific trends

Regulatory Frameworks for Orphan Medical Device: A Comparative Review of USFDA and EU Approaches

Approval and development of medical products dealing with rare illnesses, referred to as orphan devices, present special regulation and clinical issue because of small patient requirements, significant development expenses, and low commercial appeal. The paper entails a comparative evaluation of the regulatory standards implemented by the United States food and drug administration (USFDA) as well as the European Union (EU) in dealing with these challenges. The USFDA has now created specific methods to accelerate orphan devices with their Humanitarian Use Device (HUD) and Humanitarian Device exemption (HDE) programs, which have more relaxed standards of clinical evidence and ease of entry of an orphan to the market by utilizing Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved use. By comparison, the EU covers the subject of orphan devices with the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) 2017/745, not giving them a specific orphan pathway, which requires a stricter procedure of conformity assessment and increased amount of premarket clinical evidence. This paper presents the definitions, the approval methods, post-marketing surveillance requirements, and challenges peculiar to each of the regions. Although the US system focuses on faster access among limited data, the EU system prefers high safety and performance requirements. The review comes to the conclusion that harmonization, or mutual learning of these regulatory systems, may promote both innovation and patient safety especially concerning the SMEs and patients with rare medical conditions