Microbial Biodegradation of Plastics: A Sustainable Approach to Pollution Control

Plastic pollutants caused by synthetic materials do not naturally break and are difficult to take out which is why it has become a global problem. Landfills and incinerators damage the environment, so seeking sustainable solutions matters a lot today. Natural processes with microbes can break plastics apart so they are safe for the environment. It goes into detail about studies that investigate plastic breakdown by microbes, listing the species involved and the methos they employ and also explaining any variables that affect their work. A number of studies indicate that progress in genetics and microbial fields has led to faster decomposition of toxins. The material covers the obstacles including the slow breakup of plastic, possible harm from environmental changes and the difficulty in spreading the practice. With the use of studies and different experiments, the research looks for methods to apply microbial biodegradation for handling pollution. Researchers in biodegradation investigate the ways that microbial enzymes as hydrolases and oxygenases assist biodegradation as well as what environmental factors benefit it the most. At the closing, we review possible solutions for plastic pollution that involve synthetic biology, biotechnology and government laws. It shows that having microbes biodegrade plastic as this is a major pathway for addressing plastic waste and encourages people to find solutions with scientific exploration and engineering methods

THE ART OF INDIVIDUALIZED HOMEOPATHY IN TREATING ADJUSTMENT DISORDER: INSIGHTS FROM A CASE SERIES

Every society's progress and productivity, as well as a healthy and happy life, rely on good mental health. Homoeopathy prioritizes mental wellness in the treatment of both physical and mental illnesses. The Homoeopathic approach to health is mostly linked to its understanding of the mind in general. They commonly believe that the body and mind are inextricably linked and have a direct impact on one another. Homoeopaths base almost all of their prescriptions on the ill person's bodily and psychological symptoms. Psychological symptoms are frequently used to guide the selection of the appropriate medicine

Comparison of Combination Product Regulations: Challenges and approval pathway in the US and Europe

A complex regulatory issue related to the combination products, which combine drugs, device, or biologics, is found in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). In this review, this paper compares their unique regulatory systems that involve, among other things, classification and approval channels. The Office of Combination Products (OCP) at the FDA regulates in the US based on Primary Mode of Action (PMOA), whereas in the EU, there is not a single definition but on the Medical Device Regulation (MDR), Medicinal Products Directive, frequently a Notified Body Opinion (NBOp) is required, under MDR Article 117. Though their products present greater therapeutic efficacy and patient adherence, there are obstacles such as PMOA determination, intercenter cross-coordination, and Notified Body capacity which present challenges to the products. Subsequent regulatory development should aim at harmonization, integration of digital health, real-world evidence and possible EU centralization as a way to simplify development and make it safe

Linguistic comedy across contexts: Twain’s dialect, Leacock’s hyperbole, Narayan’s subtle irony

This research paper explores the nuanced deployment of linguistic strategies to generate humor inthe select works of Mark Twain, Stephen Leacock, and R.K. Narayan. Situated within a cross-cultural framework, the study investigates how each writer crafts a unique comic vision throughdialectal variation, hyperbolic expression, and understated irony. Drawing on representativetexts—Twain’s The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Adventures of HuckleberryFinn, Leacock’s Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town and Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich,and Narayan’s Malgudi Days and The Guide—the paper undertakes a comparative textual analysisto identify linguistic markers that produce comic effect. The study is structured into five sections.The introduction situates the authors within their respective cultural and literary traditions,emphasizing the centrality of language in their humor. The literature review outlines key theoriesof humor, such as incongruity, superiority, and relief, alongside relevant studies in stylistics andsociolinguistics. The methodology section adopts a qualitative approach using discourse analysisand pragmatic tools, including Gricean maxims and speech act theory. The analysis and discussionsection examines how Twain’s use of regional dialect and idiomatic speech, Leacock’s satiricalverbosity and comic inflation, and Narayan’s minimalist irony reflect cultural specificity whileinvoking universal laughter. The conclusion synthesizes these findings, arguing that linguisticcomedy, though locally inflected, fosters transnational reader engagement and empathy.This papercontributes to humor studies, comparative literature, and stylistic analysis by foregroundinglanguage as a powerful medium of comic expression across literary cultures

BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AS A BIO INDICATOR FOR WATER QUALITY IN TAMASI LAKE TAHSIL BHADRAVATI DIST. CHANDRAPUR

Benthic macroinvertebrates serve as effective bioindicators of water quality due to their sensitivity to environmental changes and their crucial role in aquatic ecosystems.Benthic macroinvertebrates act as biosensors, reflecting changes in water quality and ecosystem stability. Seasonal and spatial variations were analysed alongside key physicochemical parameters. Study area was Tamasi Lake, Tamasi Rt village, located in Bhadravati tehsil of Chandrapur district in Maharashtra, India.This st udy examines benthos diversity in Tamasi lake over a two year period Jan 2023 December 2024 to assess ecological health and water quality. In present investigation total of 44 macro invertebrate species were recorded and identified, from 4 Phylum ,18 Order s and 30 Families from all the study sites. The Phylum Mollusca of macro invertebrates showed their maximum appearance with 17 species, The present study concludes that Benthic community that shows changes in diversity pattern. The diversity of species at all the four sampling sites shows that lake water is suitable for benthic organisms

Impact of Variable Seed Rates and Nutrient Regimes on Leaf area index and Yield Characteristics of Late-Sown Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

The field experiment was carried out at Agronomy farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and technology, Ayodhya during Rabi season 2023-24 and 2024 – 2025. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different seed rates with nutrient management practices on LAI and yield attributes of late sown wheat crop. The experiment followed a split plot design with four treatments in main plot and five treatments in sub plot

APPLICATION OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE TO ANALYSE CURCUMA LONGA PRIMARY TINCTURE AND HIGHER DILUTION

Background: Curcuma Longa,the turmeric is used as a medicine and antiseptic from the ancient time. Here we have tried to recognise curcuma longa in higher dilutions as a nano particle by SEM. Whereas it is neglected and beyond the knowledge of new researcher that in higher dilutions also, we can identify the nano particles of Curcuma Longa. For these we can go through FTIR, SEM , UV Spectroscopy etc. Objective: Through this research work synthesizing the Nanoparticles of Curcuma Longa Primary tincture and 2x potency with the help of Chemical method, Dynamisation is done. Method: Potassium ferricyanide used as a Biocatalyst. The t Primary incture and 2x is analysed by Scanning electron microscope. Result: The Nano particles of Curcuma Longa is identified in Scanning electron Microscope, Primary Tincture as well as 2x. Conclusion: We can conclude that in higher dilution we can identify the particles of Curcuma Longa

The effect of incorporating Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) into fish feed on the hematological parameters, growth, and survival rates of Labeo rohita (fingerlings).

Natural immunosuppressants are compounds that can assist modulate or suppress the immune system; they are produced from plants, herbs, or other natural sources. Medicinal herbs are increasingly being used in aquaculture for their natural immunostimulants and growth-promoting properties. The plant Tulsi, often called holy basil (Ocimum sanctum), is widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, because of its ability of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory qualities. Diets containing O. sanctum at various levels, such as 200mg, 400mg, and 600mg, were utilized as test diets, whereas diet lacking O. sanctum served as the control tank (C). The experiment lasted 60 days, during which time the water quality was monitored every other day. The results showed that the innate immune response was improved when Ocimum sanctum was administered through different diets, primarily in T1, T2, and T3 diets. This boosted the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and total leukocyte count. Over the course of the 60-day trial, growth and hematological markers were examined every 20 days. After 20 days, 40 days, and 60 days, the first, second, and final readings were taken. The current study was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary Tulsi extract on fingerlings of L. rohita’s growth, survival, and hematological levels

The place of pedagogical abilities in pedagogical activity

One of the important aspects in pedagogical activity is pedagogical ability. Pedagogical ability is one of these types of abilities, which determines the suitability of a person for pedagogical activity and the fact that he can successfully engage in this activity. In pedagogical psychology, effective research has been carried out on the scientific interpretation of the place of pedagogical abilities in pedagogical activity. The so-called pedagogical abilities characterize both the mental side of the individual and the emotional-volitional side. All these qualities are interlinked with each other, acting on each other and forming a whole. In psychology, abilities are defined as such: abilities are an individual-psychological feature that is considered a condition for the successful implementation of this activity of an individual and becomes inconsistent in the differences that arise in the dynamics of acquiring the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for this

Testing Modified Gravity with Large-Scale Structure Surveys: Probing Dark Matter and Cosmic Acceleration

The accelerated expansion of the Universe, first discovered through Type Ia supernova observations, has prompted significant investigations into the underlying physics driving cosmic acceleration. While the standard ΛCDM model explains many cosmological observations, it suffers from theoretical challenges such as the fine-tuning of the cosmological constant and discrepancies in the growth rate of large-scale structures. Modified gravity theories offer an alternative framework to explain the observed acceleration without invoking dark energy as a separate entity. This paper examines how large-scale structure (LSS) surveys—including galaxy clustering, weak gravitational lensing, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and redshift-space distortions (RSD)—provide stringent observational constraints on deviations from General Relativity. By analyzing the signatures predicted by modified gravity models such as f(R)f(R)f(R) gravity, scalar-tensor theories, and massive gravity, we assess their consistency with current data and explore their potential to resolve tensions within the ΛCDM paradigm. The results indicate that future surveys like Euclid, DESI, and LSST will play a crucial role in distinguishing between modified gravity and standard dark energy scenarios, offering insights into the nature of dark matter, structure formation, and fundamental physics governing cosmic acceleration