TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE: THE ROLE OF HYDROGEL IN CULTIVATING A GREENER AND MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

Hydrogels have become a revolutionary innovation in farming, tackling major issues like lack of water, declining soil health, and wasteful use of fertilizers. These incredibly absorbent materials can hold up to 400 to 1500 times their weight in water, greatly increasing soil water levels and cutting down on the need for watering, particularly in arid regions. They enhance the soil structure, enabling it to retain water and support plant growth more effectively. Hydrogels not only aid in water retention but also improve nutrient delivery to plants, making them highly efficient tools for modern agriculture. This review explores the latest advancements in hydrogel applications for sustainable agriculture and their role in reducing environmental impact, enhancing productivity, and addressing climate-resilient farming

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE (KAP) REGARDING CHILDHOOD OBESITY AMONG MOTHERS RESIDING IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS

Childhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health issue, necessitating effective strategies to foster awareness among mothers who play a crucial role in their children's dietary habits and lifestyle choices. Research underscores that understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers regarding childhood obesity is vital for developing preventive measures and interventions.Studies reveal that a substantial number of mothers possess inadequate knowledge about childhood obesity. For instance, a study conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, found that only 1% of the surveyed mothers had adequate knowledge about controlling childhood obesity, while the majority exhibited moderate understanding (Deepika et al., 2020). Similarly, in a study conducted in Tanzania, awareness about obesity and its implications was limited among parents, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions (Muhihi et al., 2015). Proper knowledge about dietary practices, exercise, and obesity-related health risks is essential, as mothers often influence their children's eating behaviors and physical activities (Hudaib et al., 2024). &nbsp

Studies on Development of Ready-to-Serve (RTS) Beverage From Guava (Psidium gujava L.), Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)

The Gauva( Psidium guajava L.), Aonla( Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) have nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic values. The present research was conducted at the Post Graduate Laboratory of the Department of Post Harvest Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during the year 2023–2024. In the present studies, guava juice, aonla juice, ginger juice and fennel seed water extract were blended in different ratios viz., 86:5:5:4 (T1), 72:10:10:8 (T2), 58:15:15:12 (T3), 44:20:20:16 (T4), 30:25:25:20 (T5) for the preparation of RTS. Tenpercent of blend comprising 86 percent guava juice, 5 percent aonla juice,5 percent ginger and 4 percent fennel seeds was found best on 9- point Hedonic Scale for the preparation of results RTS with 13 percent TSS, 0.3 percent acidity and 70 ppm So2 than other blend combinations. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), non-reducing sugars, and organoleptic quality declined with storage period whereas TSS, acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, and browning increased with storage period. The RTS retained its organoleptic qualities upto 3 months, In results acceptable quality of the showed that guava, aonla, ginger and fennel seed can be used to make palatable RTS that can be stored 3 months with acceptable score

MEGALIN: Unveiling its Multifaceted Role in Organ Function and Disease Pathogenesis. MEGALIN STRUCTURE

Megalin is a large transmembrane glycoprotein was discovered in early 1980s as a autoantigen in Heymann nephritis [1], and then it was characterized as a large glycosylated receptor (gp330) of 600 kDa (4655 amino acids) associating its important role in renal functions. It is also known as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2).[2-4] Megalin consists of a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail, a member of LRP2 family of proteins. The single transmembrane domain consists of 23 amino acids, and the receptor with an intracellular C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of 209 amino acids. The cytoplasmic domain of megalin involved in regulating receptor trafficking and endocytosis. [5-7] Whereas extracellular domain consists of 4 clusters of cysteine-rich complement-type repeats that are involved in ligand binding

An IoT-Enabled Real-Time System for Detection and Analysis of Toluene using Machine Learning

Background / Objective: According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports, Toluene is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that is released by industries and vehicles causing serious health concerns, including brain damage and respiratory problems. To reduce health risks, maintain regulatory compliance and help the regulatory agencies to frame the future policies, toluene concentrations must be accurately and consistently monitored. However, traditional detection methods, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), lack real-time monitoring capabilities and are very expensive from installation and maintenance point of view. Methodology: The presented work suggests a portable, low-cost, real-time toluene detection system that integrates inexpensive sensors with IoT architecture for real-time data Collection and monitoring on the Amazon Web Service (AWS) cloud platform. The system deals with Machine learning (ML) based analysis for trend identification and interpretation. Findings: The strong correlation between VOC grade and Toluene concentration (0.98) shows that the developed device is highly capable of detecting the toluene concentration. The dataset can be useful to the external agencies for the pollution audit in industrial settings. Novelty / Improvement: The device is developed using the low cost and portable sensors, collects the real time data using the AWS cloud. Therefore, this device can be easily installed in industrial settings that can ensure increased workplace safety and regulatory compliance by providing an affordable and scalable environmental monitoring solution

STUDIES ON FOLIAR FEEDING EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS ON QUALITY AND YIELD OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) CV. SHWETA

The present investigation entitled “Studies on Foliar Feeding Effect of Nutrients on Quality and Yield of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Shweta” was carried out during the year 2024-2025 at Main Experiment Station, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.&nbsp

INFLUENCE OF TELEREHABILITATION TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASES

Motor, and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Regular practice of exercise can improve their functional capacity and overall quality of life (QOL). Interruption of physical therapy in pandemic severely affected the patient’s QOL. Tele- rehabilitation services (TR), prevents delay of care, improves, maintain, motivates, and satisfies the patient, also boosted the opportunity to apply technology-based solutions to provide health services without interruption. Aim: To find the effectiveness of Tele rehabilitation on functional outcome in clients with Parkinson’s disease. Materials and methods: An observational study was conducted on 11 individuals diagnosed with Idiopathic PD recruited from a private clinic. Unified Parkinson’s Diseases Rating Scale was used to assess the functional status of the patient. Tele rehab training is given for 4 weeks on alternate days for 30 minutes duration under the guidance of an experienced therapist. At the end of the fourth week, the subjects were re-evaluated using the UPDRS scale. Results: Significantly improved UPDRS motor component, as well as total UPDRS score, showed in individuals diagnosed with PD. Conclusions: People with PD, who can’t reach clinical setup easily, will find Telerehabilitation more affordable. It is possible to perform treatment programs for people with PD using the telerehabilitation system

TransFocalCAD: A Hybrid Transformer-CNN Architecture with Multi-Scale Attention for Enhanced Medical Image Detection and Segmentation

Accurate detection and segmentation of medical images are critical for early diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer strong local feature extraction capabilities, while transformers have demonstrated remarkable global context modeling. In this study, we propose TransFocalCAD, a novel hybrid architecture that integrates the strengths of both CNNs and transformers, enhanced with a multi-scale attention mechanism. The proposed model leverages CNN-based modules for capturing fine-grained local features and transformer encoders for understanding long-range dependencies across spatial dimensions. The multi-scale attention framework dynamically refines feature maps at various resolutions, thereby improving contextual awareness and boundary delineation. Extensive experiments conducted on benchmark medical imaging datasets, including CT and MRI scans, demonstrate that TransFocalCAD significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation accuracy, detection precision, and computational efficiency. The results underscore the potential of hybrid architectures with multi-scale attention in advancing the performance of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems

Assessing the Knowledge Levels of Farmers on Paddy Straw Management Techniques as the Survey Based Approach in Central Region of Uttar Pradesh

This Study the knowledge level on Perception of Farmers towards paddy strawmanagement techniques in Central Region of Uttar Pradesh, particularly study wasconducted in four districts namely; Lakhimpur Kheri, Barabanki, Kanpur Dehat andKanpur Nagar during 2024-2025, 320 paddy farmers selected from each district,two blocks were selected randomly. Thus, total numbers of eight blocks wereselected for the study area. From each block, four villages were selected randomly.Thus, total numbers of thirty two villages were selected for the study. From eachvillage, ten farmers were selected randomly. The study aimed to knowledge levelsof various practices related to paddy straw management techniques of mulching,animal fodder, mushroom farming, biofuel and implements paddy straw chopper,zero tillage seed drill, baler etc. The results revealed a generally medium knowledgelevel for Paddy Straw Management Techniques and implements. Thus, total threehundred twenty farmers were selected and personally interviewed with the help ofwell-structured schedule. The study was knowledge of farmers related to paddystraw management techniques. Thus the concluded majority of the respondents hadmedium level (59.68%) of knowledge about paddy straw management technique,(23.13%) were in the low category and (17.19%) were classified in the highcategory

EXPLORING THE ANTHELMINTIC POTENTIAL OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS

Helminth infections represent a significant global health concern, particularly in developing nations, contributing to malnutrition and other ailments. The rise of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics underscores the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and anthelmintic efficacy of crude extracts from Azadirachta indica (AI) and Andrographis paniculata (AP), both individually and in combination, against helminths, with Albendazole serving as the standard reference.Anthelmintic activity, assessed by the time taken for paralysis and death of helminths, demonstrated a dose-dependent effect for all extracts (50, 75, and 100 mg/ml).Albendazole exhibited the most rapid action, inducing paralysis and death at 13±0.5 min and 22±0.4 min respectively, at 100 mg/ml. A. indica extract showed anthelmintic properties, with paralysis at 37±0.6 min and death at 50±0.3 min at 100 mg/ml. A. paniculata extract was more potent than AI, causing paralysis at 24±0.1 min and death at 27±0.1 min at the same concentration. Notably, the combined extract of AI and AP displayed a synergistic or additive effect, significantly enhancing anthelmintic activity. At 100 mg/ml, the combination induced paralysis in 19±0.4 min and death in 21±0.8 min, comparable to Albendazole's efficacy (paralysis at 75 mg/ml: 17±0.9 min; death at 100 mg/ml: 22±0.4 min). These findings suggest that the polyherbal combination of A. indica and A. paniculata is a promising candidate for a viable alternative or complementary therapy for helminth infections, potentially mitigating drug resistance