SOME REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN NIGERIA

Some regulations made under the powers of the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency pursuant to its Act provides for Cleaner Production Technologies in most industries which have impact on air, water and plant existence within Nigeria. The Regulations have identified polluter pays principles and effective investment in up to date technologies as strategies to getting pollution free environment mould into environmental plans of new licensees in Pharmaceutical, soap, detergent and chemical related industries. Every person or body must ensure it does not contribute to the pollution of the environment beyond what the ecosystem can absorb. Pollution is the alteration of the natural use of environmental resources as to make it lose or change its natural, biological, chemical and physical essence beyond the capacity of the environment to absorb. There are activities which are contrary to natural existence of the environment but which does not distort the composition or nature of environmental resources. This article adopted doctrinal methodology and data sourced from regulations. It was found that environmental pollution may not be overcome by mere subsidiary legislation. It was recommended that enforcement of the Regulations plus synergy in areas of technical assistance and pollution remediation equipment acquisition and utilization among related agencies will go along-way at solving pollution issues around production facilities industries in Nigeria

DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE BANKING IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

This article explores the development of online banking in the Republic of Uzbekistan, highlighting its significant impact on the modernization of the banking sector and the enhancement of financial inclusion. The article discusses the key drivers behind the adoption of online banking, including consumer demand and the proliferation of mobile technologies. Furthermore, it examines the role of private and state-owned banks in expanding digital banking services and their efforts to educate and protect user

GUARANTEES OF HUMAN AND CITIZEN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN THE CONSTITUTION THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

The article presents the concept and significance of guarantees of human and citizen rights and freedoms, the state's provision of rights and freedoms, the protection of rights and freedoms through the courts, as well as thoughts and theoretical analyses regarding guarantees of equal rights between women and men, and scientific observations

THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The article discusses modern reforms aimed at the development of the banking sector in Uzbekistan. The key indicators of this sector are evaluated in dynamics, and problem loans from both commercial banks with state participation and private ownership are analyzed. The analysis revealed that frequent changes in tax legislation and currency policy represent a significant obstacle to the further development of the banking system of Uzbekistan. This can lead to fluctuations in the profitability of financial instruments at the initial stages and in the future contribute to the intensification of crisis processes in the economy. The results of the study can be useful for making strategic decisions on the development of countries with economies in transition

KEY ISSUES OF INCREASING FINANCIAL LITERACY IN THE UZBEKISTAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM BASED ON ADVANCED FOREIGN EXPERIENCES

This article is devoted to the consideration of important issues of increasing the level of financial literacy in the educational system of Uzbekistan, especially in school education, and to the study of advanced foreign experiences. In the article, the financial literacy programs of different countries are analyzed and ways of their adaptation to the conditions of Uzbekistan are studied. Emphasizing that financial literacy has a positive effect on the economic stability and well-being of the population, the research notes the need for public and private sector cooperation, the organization of special courses and training in educational institutions, as well as the use of modern technologies and interactive methods. Proposals and recommendations developed on the basis of foreign experience are of great importance in the formation of practical programs aimed at increasing financial literacy in the school education system of Uzbekistan

THE JUDICIAL MECHANISM IN RESOLVING AIR CONSUMER DISPUTES: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN THE IRAQI SYSTEM

This study addresses the judicial mechanisms available for resolving consumer disputes in the field of air transport in Iraq, through a critical analysis of the challenges hindering the protection of passenger rights when disputes arise with airlines. Given the rapid developments in the global air transport sector, the judiciary becomes a vital tool for ensuring justice and protecting consumer rights. However, the Iraqi judicial system faces several challenges that hinder the swift and fair achievement of justice in this field. The main challenges consumers face in air transport include high litigation costs, the complexity of legal procedures, long waiting periods in courts, and the difficulty of proving fault against airlines, especially due to the lack of complex technical evidence. Furthermore, the lack of legal awareness among passengers about their rights makes it more difficult for them to claim compensation or defend their rights in court.  These problems have been exacerbated by Iraq's failure to adopt the 1999 Montreal Convention, which strengthens consumer protection in the field of international air transport. The study aims to assess these mechanisms and offer solutions to improve the efficiency of the Iraqi judicial system in line with international standards. The study is based on a review of the relevant legal provisions

THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF ETIOLOGY, EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

General Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases that significantly impact patients' quality of life and present substantial healthcare challenges globally. Specific Background: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary literature regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of UC and CD. It highlights the prevalence of these conditions both worldwide and specifically in Uzbekistan, emphasizing their clinical significance. Knowledge Gap: Despite advancements in understanding these diseases, challenges persist in the early diagnosis and management of UC and CD, particularly due to the absence of standardized diagnostic tests for assessing intestinal inflammation. Aims: The objective of this review is to synthesize current knowledge on the interplay between UC and primary sclerosing cholangitis, explore therapeutic options available internationally, and identify effective pharmacological agents used to achieve and maintain remission. Results: The findings reveal critical insights into the epidemiological trends of UC and CD, the complex relationship between these diseases and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the varied therapeutic strategies employed in different countries. Novelty: This review uniquely addresses the underexplored relationship between UC and primary sclerosing cholangitis while providing a focused discussion on therapeutic modalities that may enhance patient outcomes. Implications: The insights gained from this analysis underscore the need for improved diagnostic methods and tailored treatment approaches to better manage UC and CD, ultimately informing clinical practice and guiding future research in this area

DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES

The article highlights the features of managing the innovative activities of enterprises in order to increase competitiveness. The positive factors influencing the innovative activity of enterprises are analyzed, and the indicators that determine the effectiveness of innovation management are determined. The main tasks of managing innovation activities that serve the development of the enterprise are identifie

EXAMINING SOME INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN NIGERIA

Institutions are established to uphold certain programmes of government which are helpful for development of the human society. The control of pollution activities of individuals and corporate organizations are some of the concerns of modern day world. Diligence and compliance with rules will assist institutions perform optimally. However, innovation and technology can aid in carrying out functions and achieving set goals efficiently. This paper focuses on institutional framework on environmental pollution in Nigeria. To prevent destruction of environmental resources through pollution, institutions like the NESREA and National Council for Climate Change are established. Statute like National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act 2007 as amended and Climate Change Act 2021 created institutions to promote anti-pollution campaign. It was found that environmental pollution can be curtailed and climate change curbed if the institutions perform their duties with patriotism. It was recommended that Agencies like NESREA and National Council for Climate Change should synergise in areas of technical assistance and pollution remediation equipment acquisition and utilisation

THE PROBLEM OF TERRORISM IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

To date, taking into account the existing parameters of international terrorism, it has become characterized by a long-term and sustainable nature. The processes of further development of international terrorism and the constant increase in the degree of its social danger for all humanity are expected to largely depend on the possibility of maintaining and the intensity of the impact of its existing features, as well as on the positive potential of the world community aimed at minimizing them. The article states that the achievement of the goals of terrorist acts is ensured through psychological influence also on persons who are not direct victims of terrorist violence. The choice of such victims is carried out more within the framework of their symbolic than actual meaning. The author has determined that currently the main problem is the qualitative strengthening of the negative potential of the current system of international terrorism based on the use, to varying degrees, of high technologies for the mass destruction of humanity. At the same time, it should be recognized that it does not yet have any complete character from the position of complete mastery by subjects of international terrorism of key actually existing similar technologies, which may indicate further attempts to fully master them. It is concluded that within the framework of the formation of theoretical prerequisites for the fight against international terrorism, it is relevant to focus on assessing the extent to which the policy and strategy of the fight against terrorism in the system of international relations are capable of identifying the operational and strategic capabilities of terrorists