Duality of tax inflation and its impact on emissions

Economic duality, characterized by the coexistence of different modes of production, consumption, labor markets, taxation, and monetary circulation within the same economy, can significantly impact economic development. In transition economies, duality often leads to underdevelopment, resource mismanagement, and corruption. This research explores the duality of tax inflation and its impact on emissions within such economies, with a focus on the case of Uzbekistan. The study aims to examine how dual monetary systems and tax inflation contribute to economic imbalance and environmental degradation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative analysis of economic policies and quantitative assessment of emission data, the research reveals that dual monetary systems lead to tax evasion and inefficient resource allocation. The findings highlight the need for integrated economic reforms, emphasizing the unification of monetary circulation and the decentralization of financial decision-making. The implications suggest that addressing fiscal imbalances through optimized tax policies is crucial for sustainable economic development and environmental preservation

FINANCIAL MARKETS AND BONDS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS

This comprehensive article provides a detailed analysis of financial markets and bonds, focusing on the structure of financial markets, the characteristics, types, and valuation methods of bonds, their significance in the global economy, and the associated risks. The article distinguishes between money markets and capital markets, highlighting the various instruments traded within each. It delves into different types of bonds, explaining their unique features and uses. Additionally, it discusses the importance of bonds in funding, portfolio diversification, income generation, economic indicators, and risk management. Finally, the article outlines the key risks associated with bond investments, emphasizing the need for informed decision-making in this are

SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING STATE CIVIL SERVICE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

The organization of civil service within local government authorities is critical for effective governance, particularly in the context of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. General Background: This study delves into the legal frameworks governing civil service in district and city administrations, emphasizing the unique characteristics that define the local governance landscape. Specific Background: Given the distinct socio-political context of Karakalpakstan, it is imperative to explore how local and foreign scholars perceive the efficacy and challenges of civil service organization. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing literature on civil service structures globally, there remains a paucity of research specifically addressing the nuances of civil service in Karakalpakstan's local government, creating a significant knowledge gap. Aims: This article aims to elucidate the legal foundations and operational frameworks of civil service in local authorities, while critically analyzing scholarly perspectives on its effectiveness. Results: The findings reveal that local governance in Karakalpakstan is shaped by a blend of national policies and regional practices, highlighting both achievements and areas needing reform. Novelty: This research contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive examination of civil service organization within a specific regional context, which has been largely overlooked in existing studies. Implications: The insights gleaned from this analysis can inform policymakers and practitioners, providing a foundation for enhancing the efficiency and accountability of civil service in Karakalpakstan's local governments, ultimately fostering better governance and public service delivery

THE ROLE OF PRIVATE CLINICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE

In the course of reforms carried out in the years of independence in the field of health care, special attention was paid to the development of private sector activities along with state medical institutions. Strengthening all-round support for the development of the private sector in the health sector, creating the necessary conditions for private medical institutions to provide high-tech quality medical services to the population, expanding foreign investments, and attracting highly qualified specialists to the private medical sector, as well as medical tourism and to develop the export of medical service

DIGITAL STRATEGIES OF EXPANDING THE SCALE OF ATTRACTION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN

In alignment with the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, enhancing the investment climate and bolstering the nation's appeal for investments is a paramount goal, with the aspiration of attracting a total of 120 billion US dollars over the next five years. This ambitious target encompasses 70 billion dollars in foreign investments and aims to concurrently boost the republic's export volume to 30 billion US dollars. Recognizing the pivotal role of digital strategies as a requisite for the rapid advancement of the national economy and the sustenance of robust economic growth, this imperative underscores the necessity to expand the scope of foreign direct investment attraction in Uzbekista

CYBER INTELLIGENCE PRACTICE IN PREVENTING CYBER THREATS AND ITS PRIORITIES

The practice of cyber intelligence is a comprehensive data collection process aimed at identifying, identifying, classifying, and strategizing any threats or risks to information assets. This article aims to describe and explain the current relevance of cyber-intelligence practice in preventing cyber-threats, the methods and techniques of conducting cyber-intelligence, and the basics of technologies. The article contains suggestions for increasing the effectiveness of cyber defense and developing the systemic immune response against various cyber threat

THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN FINANCING SMALL BUSINESSES IN UZBEKISTAN

This scientific article examines the effective use of investments in the activities of small businesses in our country and the issues of improving the structure of investments involved in this sector. The existing problems are identified and the author's views for solving them are substantiated, and a mechanism for coordinating the interests of investors is developed

PRIORITY AREAS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FREE ECONOMIC ZONES IN THE WORLD ECONOMY

Free Economic Zones (FEZs) have emerged as pivotal platforms for driving innovation, economic growth, and global competitiveness. This article explores the priority areas of innovation within FEZs, emphasizing the key sectors where innovation is most pronounced. Through an analysis of technology and digital transformation, sustainable and green technologies, life sciences, advanced manufacturing, logistics, and education, this study identifies the critical areas where FEZs contribute to the global economy. The findings suggest that these zones are increasingly focusing on high-tech industries, sustainable development, and skill enhancement, making them central to the future of economic policy and business strategy. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers and businesses on how to leverage FEZs for sustained innovation and economic growth

GENDER EQUALITY: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

General Background: Gender discrimination has been a pervasive issue throughout history, significantly hindering women and girls from reaching their full potential in various spheres of life. Specific Background: Despite progress towards gender equality, women continue to face systemic barriers in education, employment, and political participation, contributing to ongoing disparities and inequalities. Knowledge Gap: While existing literature addresses the historical roots and contemporary challenges of gender discrimination, there is a need for comprehensive strategies that promote gender equality and respect for all individuals, regardless of gender identity. Aims: This article aims to explore effective methods for building a society that values and respects all individuals, highlighting the importance of gender equality in fostering inclusive environments free from violence and discrimination. Results: The discussion reveals that addressing gender discrimination requires multi-faceted approaches, including policy reforms, educational initiatives, and community engagement, to dismantle barriers and promote equitable opportunities. Novelty: This article emphasizes the critical need for a holistic understanding of gender equality, integrating historical perspectives with contemporary strategies to advance social justice. Implications: The findings underscore the urgency of collective action to eliminate gender-based discrimination, ultimately contributing to a more just and equitable society where all women and girls can thrive free from inequality and violence

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN

The article coordinates water resource management, water distribution, water monitoring, support of water resource-related activities at the state level, nature protection policy, develops and implements national strategies and programs for the implementation of established tasks on sustainable use of nature, Environmental Protection, the effectiveness of the organization of the water resource use system is estimated not only by economic, but also by, ways to organize a system of use by indicators of environmental and social efficiency of the use of water resources are indicate