INVESTISSEMENTS DIRECTS ETRANGERS ET INEGALITE DE REVENUS EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

This article generally aimed to demonstrate how Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) influences income inequality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 1985 to 2020. Thus, to achieve this objective, the study used an analytical approach, supported by econometric tools, while using an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), following the new cointegration approach of Pesaran et al. (2001). The documentary technique made it possible to collect all the essential data. In light of the results obtained after data analysis, the following major finding was drawn: FDI does not constitute a catalyst for the reduction of income inequalities in the DRC. This situation is justified by the challenges faced by foreign investors, the opportunities and policies that could promote the attraction of these investments in the country.

"CAUSAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NET STABLE FUNDING AND BANK INVESTMENT: A STUDY ON A SAMPLE OF IRAQI PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS FOR THE PERIOD (2017–2020)"

This study aims to measure the causal relationship between Net Stable Funding, represented by its indicators (Net Stable Funding Ratio, Loans to Total Deposits Ratio, and Cash to Total Deposits Ratio) as explanatory variables, and Bank Investment, represented by its indicators (Bank Investment to Total Deposits Ratio, and Bank Investment to Total Assets Ratio) as dependent variables. The research investigates the direction of this relationship using the Granger Causality test for short-term data and the Toda-Yamamoto causality approach for long-term data. Additionally, the correlation between the research variables is measured using the statistical software EViews 10 The study population consists of Iraqi private commercial banks. A sample of ten private banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange was selected due to their financial contribution to the development of the Iraqi banking sector. The research hypothesis was tested using a descriptive-analytical method based on the banks\u27 annual reports for the period from 2017 to 2020

AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF CONSUMER EXPERIENCES OF FRESH-PRODUCT E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS: BASED ON TIME, CONVENIENCE AND PERCEIVED PRICE, EXEMPLIFIED BY COMMUNITY GROUP SHOPPING

This paper examines the consumer experiences of representative E-commerce platforms for fresh products and groceries in mainland China using the framework of the nine factors of business activities. The paper breaks down the analysis into three major attributes of consumer experiences: waiting time, convenience and perceived price level, which isolate the specific factors that affect consumer behaviour and, hence, the channels in which E-commerce managers could engage to improve their performances. This paper summarises the consumer experience by conducting anonymised large-scale online questionnaires and analyses the empirical data using descriptive statistics. The paper has spotted the shortcomings and inefficiencies in the operation of these e-commerce platforms and proposed targeted optimisation strategies to improve consumer experiences based on the empirical evidence and justified their feasibility. This paper aims to benefit both sides of the online grocery market by delivering more affordable prices and greater satisfaction to consumers and improved brand loyalty and core competitiveness to the E-commerce companies

"THE ROLE OF NON-MONETARY RECOGNITION IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION "

Employees are valued as the human capital of any organisation. Employees who are motivated and fulfilled are more likely to accomplish their responsibilities well. Employees who lack motivation are more likely to Employees that put forth minimal effort, create low-quality work, shun the workplace, and even leave for better possibilities. Motivated employees tend to be more determined, inventive, and competent. Motivated workers exhibit contentment, dedication, and enthusiasm at work, leading to optimal retention, loyalty, and harmony. These characteristics greatly enhance the organization\u27s growth and development. This research aims to assess the influence of non-monetary incentives on employees with the help of many literatures review

POLITIQUE FISCALE, INSTITUTIONS ET INVESTISSEMENTS DIRECTS ETRANGERS EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

This article, which discusses "fiscal policy, institutions, and FDI in the DRC," aimed to explain how the effects of fiscal policy, interacting with the quality of institutions, have impacted FDI in the DRC from 1990 to 2022.It is important to note that debates exist regarding the link between fiscal policy and foreign direct investment, the multiplicity or proliferation of taxes and low FDI rates in the DRC. These debates motivated the realization of this study, the results of which reveal that fiscal pressure is one of the key factors in the attractiveness of FDI in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Hence, the need to solidify its fiscal policy through an improvement in indicators of institutional quality, including business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, and regulatory quality

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: AN IMPERATIVE FOR EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA

This research empirically examines the impact of organisational environmental change on employee job satisfaction within private universities in North-Central Nigeria. Specifically, it explores the impact of regulatory changes, market competition, and funding pressures on employee satisfaction. Adopting a descriptive survey research approach, responses were collected from 528 participants drawn from seven private universities using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed through multiple regression analysis to ascertain the relationship between employee satisfaction and organisational change. The findings reveal that regulatory change significantly contributes positively to employee satisfaction (0.4000, 0.0145), implying that effective management of regulatory policies enhances job security and workplace stability. Market competition also significantly and positively affects satisfaction (0.4961, 0.0033), indicating that increased competitive pressures compel universities to improve employee welfare, thereby leading to greater satisfaction. Financial pressures negatively and significantly impact employee satisfaction (0.2759, 0.0118), suggesting that financial demands result in uncertainty, delayed salaries, and decreased job morale. These results support organisational justice theory by highlighting the importance of procedural, distributive, and interactional justice in organisational change management. The following recommendations are proposed for private universities based on these results: sustaining transparency in regulatory changes, maintaining competitive and fair reward systems, and involving employees in financial decision-making to enhance job satisfaction despite environmental pressures

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USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF CRUDE OIL SHOCKS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN QATAR

This study aims to analyze the impact of crude oil price shocks on the profitability of the banking sector in Qatar. The research focuses on a sample of four banks listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2023. Using an econometric model based on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, The research investigates the impacts of oil price fluctuations. GDP growth, and loan loss provisions on return on assets (ROA), a metric used to quantify bank profitability. The results reveal that oil price shocks have a significant positive impact on bank profitability, highlighting the sector\u27s dependence on oil revenues. Additionally, GDP growth positively influences profitability, while loan loss provisions show a negative effect. The study underscores the importance of diversifying income sources and improving credit risk management to enhance the resilience of the banking sector against oil price fluctuations

VOLATILITÉ DU TAUX DE CHANGE ET LES INVESTISSEMENTS DIRECTS ETRANGERS EN RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO DE 1985 À 2020

This research aimed to assess the existence of a link between exchange rate volatility and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. To do this, it used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model, using annual data from 1985 to 2020, a period of 36 years. The results reveal that in the short term, exchange rate volatility has a positive and statistically insignificant effect on FDI. However, in the long term, the effect of exchange rate volatility becomes negative and statistically insignificant on FDI in the DRC during the period under review

ACORDOS DE LENIÊNCIA NO BRASIL: AVANÇOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA UMA NEGOCIAÇÃO CONJUNTA

This paper has as its objective the analysis of the lenience agreement institute in Brazil, in way of turning him more attractive and efficient to companies and persons that intend to collaborate with competent authorities. To realize this objective, the paper suggests an enhancement in the institutional design to negotiate and celebrate lenience agreements to an extent that allows the companies and executives to solve their legal issues in a single negotiation, avoiding the necessity to discuss a same fact or conduct with a plurality of entities. To resolve this problem, the paper exposes an overview of the lenience agreement in Brazil\u27s legal system, as well as the advances and setbacks regarding the initiatives of joint negotiations of this institute. Lastly, the paper proposes an interinstitutional cooperation to allow a unified and convergent negotiation with all of Brazil\u27s lenience agreements programs, in a way of ensuring more efficiency and legal security to the signatory of the agreement