FINANCING PATTERNS AND THEIR IMPACT ON INSTITUTIONAL DEBT - AN ECONOMETRIC STUDY USING PANEL DATA MODELS

This study aims to identify different financing patterns available to institutions, which can be categorised into three different patterns: self-financing, external financing through banking products and borrowing through the financial market. These patterns were considered as explanatory variables that were tested for their impact on the debt ratio, which was considered as the dependent variable. The study was conducted on a sample of five UAE institutions from 2013 to 2018. For this purpose, the standard econometric modelling approach using panel data models was applied. The statistical results indicated the acceptance of the random effects model at the 1% level of significance, reflecting the existence of a relationship between the explanatory variables representing funding patterns and the dependent variable representing the leverage ratio. In addition, a statistically significant negative effect of self-financing and external financing patterns on the debt ratio was found at the 1% level of significance

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BANK FINANCING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TUNISIA: MULTIVARIATE CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

This study aimed to test the long-term causality relationship between bank financing and economic growth in Tunisia during the period from 1980 to 2020. It employed the Toda & Yamamoto (1995) methodology, which is based on the developed Augmented VAR model. The study concluded that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between bank financing and economic growth. Therefore, bank financing is one of the causes leading to economic growth in Tunisia, aligning with most economic theories like those of Schumpeter (1911), Hicks (1969), Goldsmith (1969), McKinnon (1973), Shaw (1973), Fry (1988), Levine & King (1993), and Levine (1997). According to Patrick (1966), Tunisia is considered to be in the advanced stages of development because financial development follows economic growth and not vice versa (the demand-following phenomenon)

ROLE OF THE CULTURAL SECTOR IN ENHANCING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: A STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES BOUDJEMAA

In this research paper, we sought to address the issue centered on the economic role of the cultural sector. To answer this question, the study was divided into two main sections. The first section deals with the historical development of the cultural economy, while the second presents statistics on the contribution of the European Union's cultural sector to job creation and the relationship between the added value of the cultural sector and the economic growth rate of the European Union. The research concluded that the cultural sector has a moderate contribution to enhancing economic growth rates and in creating jobs

STUDYING THE LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH DURING THE PERIOD Q1 2010-Q4 2021- A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ALGERIA AND EGYPT

The study aimes at search for the relationship between governance and economic growth during the period Q12010-Q42021. The data has been converted to quarterly in order to study the relationship between the variables in the long term. Depending on (the index of effective governance, the rule of law, and administrative corruption) as independent variables, (the rate of economic growth) as a dependent variable, based on the VECM model. The results of the Johnson test showed the existence of a co-integration relationship between the indicators of good governance and economic growth, and the existence of an equilibrium relationship in the long term, while there is a unidirectional causal relationship between the governance effectiveness index and the administrative corruption index in Algeria, and the existence of a unidirectional causal relationship that goes from the effectiveness of governance towards administrative corruption in Egypt and the absence of the relationship in the opposite direction. In addition to the presence of a negative impact of each of the indicators of effectiveness of governance and administrative corruption on economic growth, and from it, the relationship between them is an inverse relationship in both Algeria and Egypt. It was also concluded that there is a positive effect of the rule of law indicator on economic growth, and from it the relationship is a positive relationship

TOWARDS A SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR TERRITORY PLANNING

In this paper, we introduce a multicriteria flexible decision-making system for regional planning. The proposed spatial decision support system integrates several variants which contribute simultaneously to obtain a better territorial context analysis. The suggested Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) mainly employs an improved version of  Electre III as a methodological evaluation approach. Indeed, the classical Electre III method suffers from a few irregularities that can be considerably minimized by the use of optimization methods issued from Artificial Intelligence and Operational Research. The proposed approach has improved the decision quality for territory decision makers in the realisation of regional planning projects and particularly in identifying a surface area that more effectively meets certain criteria

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ISO 45001 STANDARD ON SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN A CERTIFIED ALGERIAN PORT COMPANY -CASE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL DJEN DJEN PORT-

The ISO 45001 relates to sustainable development goals. ISO 45001 management standard focuses on occupational health and safety. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between ISO45001 standards and sustainable innovation management about the implementation of the ISO 56000 standard in the port company DJEN DJEN, Jijel, Algeria. Data was collected using questionnaires from a random sample 26 responds. A quantitative methodology has been chosen and treated by SPSS.v26. The findings imply that the port is already certified of ISO 45001 standard in order to consistently balance the economics with the environment and enhance skills and staff’s involvement in the company

ASSESSMENT OF ALGERIAN TRADE EXCHANGES IN THE ARAB FREE TRADE AREA

This research paper aims to analyze and evaluate Algerian trade exchanges with various geographical regions, with a focus on bilateral trade with Arab countries within the framework of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area. The study concluded several key findings, including a significant geographic concentration of Algerian foreign trade. Just as exports are directed towards a limited number of clients, imports into Algeria similarly come from a limited number of suppliers. Additionally, Algerian-Arab trade within the free trade agreement is extremely limited, with very low values that do not meet expectation

EFFECT OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE ATTITUDE IN LAFARGE CEMENT PLC CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

This study carried out a review of the effect of change management on employee attitude in Lafarge Cement Plc Cross River State, Nigeria. The study used examined Lewin's theory of behaviour to provide a theoretical foundation for the study.  Primary data was used for the study and they were obtained using structured questionnaire from a sample of 109 senior staff of Lafarge Cement Plc Cross River State. Multiple regression analysis was used for the study and the hypotheses of the study were tested using the probability value of the regression estimates. The findings of the study indicates that innovation management has a positive effect on employee attitude in Lafarge Cement Plc Cross River State, Nigeria and the effect is statistically significant (p<0.005). Resource management has a positive effect on employee attitude in Lafarge Cement Plc Cross River State, Nigeria and the effect is statistically significant (p<0.005). Training was found to have a negative effect on employee attitude in Lafarge Cement Plc Cross River State, Nigeria and the effect is not statistically significant (p>0.005). It was concluded that for change to succeed, the human aspect to change management must be successfully addressed in order to avoid resistance to change. It was recommended among others that the management of the Lafarge Cement Plc Cross River State Nigeria can bring about effective change management in the industry if they utilize the potent power of training, which can be on-the-job or off-the-job training. This is because, training and development of employees equips them with the requisite skills to handle both planned and unplanned change in the industry and give the company competitive advantage

IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF CONSTRAINTS LINKED TO THE INTRODUCTION OF OILSEED CROPS IN ALGERIA. THE CASE OF RAPESEED IN THE WILAYA OF SKIKDA

The aim of this study is to examine the   to introduce rapeseed as an oilseed crop in Algeria, using the Wilaya of Skikda, in north-eastern Algeria, as a geographical focus and identifying the constraints facing this crop as a priority objective. This work is spread over two consecutive agricultural seasons (2021 and 2022), during which we carried out field surveys with farmers and professional and technical support organisations, mainly responsible for guidance and extension. These surveys enabled us to build a database which we analysed and dissected to highlight the current situation of this project, its progress and the stages of its implementation with the participation of all the stakeholders concerned and involved. In this respect, 31 farmers were questioned using questionnaires drawn up for this purpose, targeting those in 2021 and those in 2022 so as to be able to monitor and evaluate this project of great economic importance for Algeria, which wants to reduce at all costs the imports of oilseeds that cost the state a lot of money. Our findings revealed that this highly promising project contains a number of shortcomings and imperfections hampering its success and its implementation in time and space. These are technical and agronomic constraints, as well as institutional and administrative ones, which have meant that projects to introduce rapeseed cultivation in the Wilaya of Skikda are now under threat of abandonment by the farmers and investors who rushed to sign up to the project. Our investigations have shown that the project was carried out in haste, without a prior study being carried out and without the human and material resources being made available to the farmers to bring this project to a successful conclusion, which is now sinking into confusion

THE REALITY OF THE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF ALGERIAN WOMEN: ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL INDICATORS OF EMPOWERMENT

This research paper aims to determine the level of economic empowerment of Algerian women according to international indicators. The study also seeks to answer the main question of whether Algeria has the potential to enhance the level of economic empowerment of Algerian women and whether there is a real and actual will to achieve economic empowerment. To address the subject of the study on the status of Algerian women and their place in work within Algerian society between what reality imposes and what it faces in terms of challenges, both the case study method and the institutional legal approach were used to identify the indicators of economic empowerment in addition to identifying the most important legislation and legal reforms. The study found that there is a contrast between what the legislation and laws stipulate, and the practice and implementation of plans and programs based on gender in accordance with the principle of equal opportunity. The study concluded that despite the government's efforts to enact laws in accordance with the principle of equal opportunity, the reality proves that the efforts to economically empower Algerian women still have a long way to go to achieve this