Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoformulation Containing Phytoconstituent of Cardiospermum halicacabum Extract

Abstract

he study aimed to formulate and evaluate polymeric nanoparticles containing phytoconstituents of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. was incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles using the solvent evaporation technique. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as the biodegradable polymer, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as a stabilizer. Five different formulations (F1–F5) were prepared by varying polymer and stabilizer concentrations. Evaluation parameters included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. The stability of the optimized batch (F3) was assessed under accelerated storage conditions. Results: Formulation F3 was optimized, showing the smallest particle size (165 ± 4 nm), low PDI (0.280), and high zeta potential (-28.3 mV), indicating good physical stability. It also showed superior entrapment efficiency (75.6%) and maximum drug release (85.2% at 24 h). Antioxidant studies confirmed free radical scavenging potential of the extract. Stability studies revealed minimal changes in physicochemical parameters over time. Conclusion: The nanoformulation of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. significantly enhances its stability and drug delivery potential. The developed system holds promise for further in vivo studies and future use in the effective management of diabetes