UNIVERZALNA JURISDIKCIJA KAO GARANCIJA VLADAVINE PRAVA U MEĐUNARODNIM KRIVIČNIM POSTUPCIMA

This article explores the essential role of universal jurisdiction in enforcing state responsibilities under the ‘aut dedere aut judicare’ mandate, which requires the integration of international crimes into national laws. It posits that universal jurisdiction is a fundamental requirement, not merely an option, for states to effectively meet their international obligations. This necessity extends beyond criminalizing international offences, providing the jurisdictional foundation for international criminal cooperation. The paper examines how universal jurisdiction reflects states’ prescriptive jurisdiction, enabling adjudicative jurisdiction in accordance with due process principles. By emphasizing the critical role of universal jurisdiction in domestic law, the article illustrates how it aids states in adhering to their ‘aut dedere aut judicare’ obligations. This adherence is crucial for national criminalization of international crimes and facilitating effective cross-border legal cooperation, reinforcing justice, accountability, and the rule of law globally. Ultimately, incorporating universal jurisdiction into domestic legislation is vital for states to uphold international legal standards and due process, for operationalizing international cooperation in adjudicating international crimes, and fulfilling state responsibilities in line with the general theory of legal process.Ovaj članak istražuje suštinsku ulogu univerzalne jurisdikcije u sprovođenju državnih obaveza prema načelu „aut dedere aut judicare“, koje zahteva integrisanje međunarodnih zločina u nacionalne zakone. Autor je stava da je univerzalna jurisdikcija osnovni zahtev, a ne samo opcija, kako bi države efikasno ispunile svoje međunarodne obaveze. Ova potreba se proteže dalje od kriminalizacije međunarodnih delikata, obezbeđujući osnovu za jurisdikcijsku saradnju u međunarodnom krivičnom pravu. Rad ispituje kako univerzalna jurisdikcija odražava propisnu jurisdikciju država, omogućavajući sudsku jurisdikciju u skladu sa principima pravičnog postupka. Naglašavajući ključnu ulogu univerzalne jurisdikcije u domaćem pravu, članak ilustruje kako ona pomaže državama da se pridržavaju svojih obaveza prema načelu „aut dedere aut judicare“. Ovo pridržavanje je ključno za nacionalnu kriminalizaciju međunarodnih zločina i omogućavanje efikasne prekogranične pravne saradnje, jačajući pravdu, odgovornost i vladavinu prava na globalnom nivou. Na kraju, uključivanje univerzalne jurisdikcije u domaće zakonodavstvo je od vitalnog značaja za države da poštuju međunarodne pravne standarde i pravičan postupak, omogućavajući međunarodnu saradnju u suđenju za međunarodne zločine, i ispunjavajući državne obaveze u skladu sa opštom teorijom pravnog postupka

REŠAVANJE SPOROVA U VEZI SA NAZIVOM INTERNET DOMENA I NOVA REŠENJA U ZAKONODAVSTVU EVROPSKE UNIJE

This paper aims to analyze the importance and position of the norms governing the rights of trademark owners in relation to domain name registrations. The entire framework is regulated by rules adopted independently by companies that provide services of internet infrastructure, names, and numbering. On the other hand, legislators sometimes must interfere to improve that framework. UDRP rules are 25 years old now, and they serve the purpose for that long period, but relevant improvements are welcome. Although not adopted by the legislator, these rules contain an essential part of the norms that govern the functioning of critical Internet infrastructure and the rights of users.Cilj ovog rada je analiza značaja i položaja normi koje regulišu prava titulara žigova u vezi sa registracijom naziva domena. Čitav okvir je regulisan pravilima koja samostalno donose kompanije koje pružaju usluge internet infrastrukture, imena i numeracije. S druge strane, zakonodavci ponekad moraju da intervenišu kako bi poboljšali taj okvir. UDRP pravila već dvadeset pet godina služe svojoj nameni u tom dugom periodu, ali relevantna poboljšanja su dobrodošla. Iako ih nije doneo zakonodavac, ova pravila sadrže suštinski deo normi koje regulišu funkcionisanje kritične internet infrastrukture i prava korisnika

KRIVIČNOPRAVNI OKVIRI I OBLICI ISPOLJAVANJA ŠPIJUNAŽE

The author researches criminal law aspects and appearance forms of espionage. After the theoretical determination of the phenomenological limits of espionage, the author's attention is methodologically directed to the legal solutions of the criminal legislation of Germany, France, Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Russian Federation, Japan, India, Egypt, the United States of America and Brazil. Then the author's research focus shifts to the national criminal legislation that includes the phenomenon of espionage as an illicit, illegal and incriminated activity. The analysis of the criminal offense of espionage, in this work, implies its normative positioning and determination in relation to other illegal activities from the group of criminal offenses against the constitutional order and security of the Republic of Serbia. The author directs the final research steps towards getting to know the international forms of the espionage phenomenon in accordance with the given normative guidelines. Therefore, the international forms of espionage will be shown in the sphere of political, military and economic interests of the Republic of Serbia being connected to the matter of its security and defense. In the very concluding thoughts, the author reflects on the need to amend the criminal law provisions which, in the normative system of national legislation, determine the existence of the criminal act of espionage in relation to its conceptual boundaries and modalities.Autor u radu istražuje krivičnopravne aspekte i pojavne oblike fenomena špijunaže. Nakon teorijskog određivanja sledi analiziranje špijunaže kroz zakonske odredbe Nemačke, Francuske, Italije, Velike Britanije, Švedske, Švajcarske, Ruske Federacije, Japana, Indije, Egipta, Sjedinjenih Američkih Država i Brazila, kao i kroz norme domaćih zakona. Autor finalne istraživačke korake usmerava ka upoznavanju međunarodnih pojavnih oblika špijunaže u skladu sa zadatim normativnim odrednicama, dakle u sferi političkih, vojnih i ekonomskih interesa Republike Srbije, odnosno u pogledu posledica po njenu bezbednost i odbranu. U zaključku rada autor predlaže proširivanje bića krivičnog dela špijunaže, u Krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srbije, u odnosu na njene pojmovne granice i modalitete pojavnih oblika

ARBITRAŽNI SPORAZUMI U UGOVORIMA KOJIMA SE USPOSTAVLJAJU BEZBEDNOSNI INTERESI – PERSPEKTIVA MOLDAVSKOG ZAKONA -

Moldova is a Model Law jurisdiction in statute, but it still has work to do to become a fully Model Law complaint jurisdiction in practice. Still, the availability of and friendliness to arbitration ensures a legal framework favourable to international trade, and especially to international lending to the Moldovan economy. A key factor is the recognition of asymmetric dispute resolution agreements in loan agreements and in supporting security agreements.U kontekstu arbitraže, Moldavija je država model zakona, kako u smislu zakonskog okvira, tako i u praksi. Dostupnost i otvorenost prema arbitraži obezbeđuje pravni okvir povoljan za međunarodnu trgovinu, a posebno za međunarodno kreditiranje moldavske ekonomije. Ključni faktor je priznavanje asimetričnih sporazuma o rešavanju sporova u ugovorima o zajmu i u podršci sporazumima o bezbednosti

ZAKON O ARBITRAŽI I ARBITRAŽNA PRAKSA U ALBANIJI: KARAKTERISTIKE, IZAZOVI I PERSPEKTIVE

Arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, has gained significant traction worldwide. This is primarily due to its consensual nature, the involvement of non-governmental adjudicators, as well as its efficiency, flexibility and confidentiality. In Albania, international arbitration remains a promising avenue for resolving commercial and investor-state disputes, especially considering the country’s efforts towards a consolidated market and deeper integration into the regional and global economy. However, the arbitration landscape, particularly the domestic one, is not without challenges as Albania pursues to attain an effective rule of law. This paper provides an overview of the rules of arbitration under the Albanian domestic law, as well as the applicable international law. It then explores the current state of arbitration practice in Albania, the various perceptions among the pertinent political, business and legal communities, the challenges this practice encounters, and perspectives for its progress.Arbitraža je, kao alternativni mehanizam rešavanja sporova, doživela značajnu ekspanziju širom sveta. Razlog za to je prvenstveno konsensualna priroda arbitraže, učešće “nevladinih” sudija, kao i efikasnost, fleksibilnost i poverljivost arbitraže kao takve. U Albaniji, međunarodna arbitraža je i dalje obećavajući put za rešavanje trgovinskih i sporova između države i investitora, posebno ako se imaju u vidu napori zemlje na konsolidovanju tržišta i postizanju dublje integracije u regionalnoj i globalnoj ekonomiji. Međutim, i u oblasti arbitražne, i to posebno domaće, postoje određeni izazovi, imajući u vidu nastojanja Albanije da osigura efikasnu vladavinu prava. U ovom radu dat je pregled pravnog okvira za arbitražu prema albanskom domaćem zakonu, kao i prema važećem međunarodnom pravu. Nakon toga biće analizirano trenutno stanje arbitražne prakse u Albaniji, različite percepcije te prakse i izazovi koji postoje u toj oblasti, kao i perspektive za unapređenje iste

IZAZOVI I PERSPEKTIVE ARBITRAŽE U JUGOISTOČNOJ I CENTRALNOJ EVROPI – SRBIJA

With the adoption of the Law on Arbitration in 2006 (hereinafter referred to as the LA), Serbia has joined the ranks of the countries that have provided for the issue of arbitration in a modern and comprehensive manner. However, over the course of almost two decades of application of this Law, certain ambiguities and lack of clarity have come to surface. This paper aims to addresses only a number of those, focusing on the arbitration agreement, arbitrability, and the appointment of the arbitral tribunal. The author starts from the assumption that fundamental solutions and dilemmas of arbitral decision-making are centred around the issue of arbitrability, and therefore attaches central importance in this paper to the said issue. The author acknowledges the flexibility of the solutions adopted in the Law, nevertheless advocating for an even broader interpretation and extension of the concept of arbitrability to include the so-called grey area disputes.Usvajanjem Zakona o arbitraži 2006. godine (u daljem tekstu: LA), Srbija se pridružila redovima zemalja koje na moderan i sveobuhvatan način posvećuju pažnju pitanju arbitraže. Međutim, tokom skoro dve decenije primene ovog zakona, na površinu su izašle određene nejasnoće i dileme. Predmet ovog rada tiče se nekih od nejasnoća pomenutog Zakona, sa fokusom na sporazumu o arbitraži, arbitrabilnosti i imenovanju arbitražnog suda. Autor polazi od pretpostavke da se osnovi rešavanja dilema arbitražnog odlučivanja svode na pitanje arbitrabilnosti, te stoga u ovom radu pridaje centralni značaj tom pitanju. Iako autor ne negira činjenicu fleksibilnosti rešenja usvojenih u Zakonu, ipak se zalaže za još šire tumačenje i proširenje koncepta arbitrabilnosti, tako da on obuhvati i sporove iz takozvanih sivih zona

KVAZIDELIKTI, FRANCUSKI GRAĐANSKI ZAKONIK I REINTERPRETACIJA RIMSKOG PRAVA

The dichotomy within the Roman law of civil wrongs started with Justininian’s Institutes of 533AD. Civil wrongs were split into two different classes: delicts and quasi-delicts. The French Civil Code of 1804. took over the Roman model and the division on delicts and quasi-delicts (which applied until the legislative reform of 2016). The discussion in France that formed the basis of the articles under the heading “Delicts and Quasi Delicts” proceeded on the basis of Roman law. However, French division was based on the reinterpreted Roman rules by the seventeenth and eighteenth-century French scholarship, particularly by Domat and Pothier. Understanding what delict is and what is quasi-delict differ in the definitions of these distinguished French legal writers resulting in the apparent confusion of the code’s drafters. Although some Roman rules, after the discussion, were rejected as inappropriate, such as noxal surrender of dependent persons and animals or the concept of threatened damage, the impact of Roman law was still dominant. To understand French rules as they are till present, is not possible without an appreciation of the Roman rules. In the words of Alan Wotson “One can say that Roman law was not received, but it nonetheless was the initial factor-the dominant factor-in determining the shape of the French rules in the Code Civil.”Francuski Građanski zakonik (CC) po ugledu na Justinijanove Institucije usvojio je terminologiju delikti i kvazidelikti, kao i dihotomnu podelu nedozvoljenih radnji. Tokom vekova rimsko pravo delikata i kvazidelikata je reinterpretirano, a posebno važnu ulogu u tome su imali Hugo Grocije, zatim francuski pravnici Žan Doma i Rober-Žozef Potje, koji su svojim definicijama i sistematizacijama presudno uticali na sadržaj i oblik normi koje su usvojene. Iako rimska pravila nisu neposredno usvojena, a neka su i odbačena, rimsko je pravo bilo inicijalni i dominantni faktor u oblikovanju pravila u francuskom CC-u, na šta posebno ukazuje Alan Votson. Tako je ostalo do danas, iako je 2016. godine reformom CC-a napuštena terminologija delikti i kvazidelikti kao i dihotomna podela nedozvoljenih radnji

UPRAVLJANJE IREGULARNIM MIGRACIJAMA ZAPADNOBALKANSKOM RUTOM I PRAVO NA AZIL – KLJUČNI IZAZOVI I PRAKSA

The author highlights the complexity of controlling irregular migration from the perspective of the policies of the European Union and other European countries, as well as the current challenges faced by the competent authorities in the Republic of Serbia in the field of asylum. The armed conflicts in Syria and the threat to the lives of the civilian population have led to massive irregular migration along the Western Balkans route. Using statistical methods, content analysis, comparative analysis and formal-logical analysis, data on irregular migration and asylum in the Republic of Serbia and certain EU and regional countries from 2015 to 2023 were processed. The hypothesis was confirmed that the persons who express the intention to apply for asylum in Serbia are mostly irregular migrants from Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Pakistan and Iran who enter economically developed EU countries and whose ultimate goal is to obtain the right to asylum in Germany and other developed EU countries. The paper analyzes the challenges faced by law enforcement authorities regarding illegal entry, residence, transit, and exit from the Republic of Serbia, as well as the challenges in the practical implementation of the right to asylum.Autor ukazuje na kompleksnost problema kontrole iregularnih migracija sa aspekta politike Evropske unije i drugih evropskih zemalja i na aktuelne izazove postupanja nadležnih organa u Republici Srbiji u oblasti azila. Oružani sukobi u Siriji i ugrožavanje života civila doveli su do masovnih iregularnih migracija zapadnobalkanskom migratornom rutom. Primenom statstičke metode, analize sadržaja, komparativne i formalno-logičke analize, obrađeni su podaci koji se odnose na iregularne migracije i azil u periodu 2015–2023. u Republici Srbiji i pojedinim državama Evropske unije i regiona. Potvrđena je hipoteza da su lica koja izraze nameru da traže azil u Srbiji najčešće iregularni migranti iz Avganistana, Sirije, Iraka, Pakistana i Irana u tranzitu ka ekonomski razvijenim državama EU, pri čemu je njihov krajnji cilj ostvarivnje prava na azil u Nemačkoj i drugim razvijenim državama EU. U radu se analiziraju izazovi u praksi postupanja policijskih organa sa aspekta nezakonitog ulaska u Republiku Srbiju, nezakonitog boravka, tranzita i napuštanja njene teritorije, kao i izazovi u praksi postupka ostvarivanja prava na azil

ZAKON I PRAKSA TRGOVINSKE ARBITRAŽE I ARBITRAŽE NA OSNOVU SPORAZUMA U POLJSKOJ: NAJNOVIJI RAZVOJ DOGAĐAJA I AKTUELNI TRENDOVI

This paper analyses the recent developments and current trends in the landscape of Polish arbitration. It commences with a brief overview of the legal framework governing arbitration in Poland, followed by a review of the practice of the Polish state courts in post-arbitral cases. It then describes the most relevant Polish arbitral institutions. Next, it proceeds to examine the position of treaty-based arbitration in the Polish context. Each of these sections discusses the challenges and perspectives faced by arbitration in Poland.U ovom članku analiziraćemo nedavna dešavanja i aktuelne trendove u oblasti arbitraže u Poljskoj. Prvo ćemo dati kratak pregled pravnog okvira za arbitražu u Poljskoj, a zatim i pregled prakse poljskih državnih sudova u “post-arbitražnim” predmetima. Nakon toga ćemo posvetiti pažnju najrelevantnijim poljskim arbitražnim institucijama. Na kraju ćemo razmotriti položaj arbitraže na osnovu sporazuma. U svakom od delova biće reči i o izazovima i perspektivama sa kojima se suočava arbitraža u Poljskoj

ARBITRAŽA U REPUBLICI SLOVAČKOJ: SAVREMENI TRENDOVI I PRAVNI IZAZOVI

Arbitration in the Slovak Republic has grown steadily as the preferred commercial dispute resolution method, driven by a robust legal framework under the Arbitration Act aligned with the UNCITRAL Model Law. Despite its increasing popularity, the adoption of arbitration remains relatively slow, hindered by the issues such as judicial interference, limited public awareness, and perceived complexities. Efforts to popularize arbitration include enhancing arbitrator expertise, educating judges, and fostering institutional support. The integration of technology, such as online dispute resolution platforms and virtual hearings, has modernized the arbitration process, improving its efficiency and accessibility. However, the challenges persist. Addressing these challenges requires continued public awareness campaigns, legislative reforms, and stricter oversight to ensure transparency and fairness. By embracing these measures, Slovakia could strengthen its arbitration framework, making it a more attractive venue for domestic and international commercial disputes and fostering a more favorable environment for effective alternative dispute resolution. In this paper, the authors will attempt to summarize the modern trends and legal challenges of arbitration in Slovakia.Popularnost arbitraže u Republici Slovačkoj, kao poželjnog načina za rešavanje privrednih sporova, u konstantnom je usponu, koji je posledica pravnog okvira sadržanog u Zakonu o arbitraži, a koji je ustrojen po uzoru na UNCITRAL Model zakon. Napori da se popularizuje arbitraža uključuju unapređenje stručnosti arbitra, obrazovanje sudija, i podsticanje institucionalne podrške. Razvoj tehnologije, koja je omogućila platforme za rešavanje sporova na mreži i virtuelna saslušanja, modernizovala je arbitražni proces i povećala njegovu efikasnost i dostupnost. Međutim, izazovi još uvek postoje. Rešavanje tih izazova zahteva kontinuirane kampanje podizanja svesti javnosti, kao i zakonodavne reforme, te stroži nadzor u cilju omogućavanja transparentnosti i pravičnosti. Usvajanjem ove mere, Slovačka može da ojača svoj arbitražni okvir, što može da ga učini atraktivnijim mestom za domaće i međunarodne trgovinske sporove i stvori povoljnije okruženje za efikasno alternativno rešavanje sporova. U ovom članku, autori su pokušali da sumiraju savremene trendove i pravne izazove arbitraže u Slovačkoj