CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) PSYCHOLOGICAL, BEHAVIOURAL AND INTERPERSONAL IMPACTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS: A REVIEW

Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the world, it is causing widespread concern, fear and stress all of which are natural and normal reactions to the changing and uncertain situation that everyone finds themselves in. WHO takes the impact of the crisis on people’s mental health very seriously and is monitoring the situation together with national authorities while providing information and guidance to governments and public. The current study was carried out to indicate that COVID-19 has negative psychological, behavioural and Interpersonal problems other than mortality. A review of the studies performed in other parts of the world showed that COVID-19 has caused several psychological impacts, including increased anxiety, stress and depression. By an increase in the prevalence rate of COVID-19 and its resulted restrictions, the level of stress, depression and anxiety increases, as well; therefore, raising public awareness of the disease and providing positive psychological programs in the media aimed at controlling stress can reduce anxiety in society

IMPACT AND INFECTION OF SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) IN INDIA: CURRENT STATUS

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an RNA virus, and the trade impact of the epidemic for India. In humans, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur via respiratory secretions. Nosocomial transmission has been described as an important driver in the epidemiology of SARS, MERS and has also been documented in COVID-19. In India, totally were recorded (59662, and 182142), such as active cases (39834, and 89995), cured (17846, and 86983) death rates (1981, and 5164) at 10th and 30th May 2020. The case report provides an insight into the COVID-19 current situation and represents a picture of the current state of the art in terms of public health impacts

OVERVIEW ON CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an important public health emergency of international concern. Firstly COVID-19 was isolated from Wuhan market in China at 7 Jan. 2020. As of this time, there is no known effective pharmaceutical treatment; although it is much needed for patient contracting severs form of the disease. This virus causes respiratory infection in human including sneezing, coughing, cold and pneumonia while in animal it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. COVID-19 is transmitted human to human or human to animal via airborne droplets. This disease can be diagnosis on the basis of travel history from infected areas, common symptom or by laboratory confirmations. WHO advised to avoid public place, close contact to Coronavirus infected persons, wearing mask, sanitizing hands and maintain social distancing for prevention. It’s also advised infected pensions keep in quarantine center for 14 days or separate from other family member to single separate room, implementation of contact, droplet precaution, and airborne precaution, keep physical distances. Some countries are also using lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine drugs for treatment of Coronavirus but these are not efficient in cure of this disease. The aim of the systematic review of literature is to summarize the evidence regarding COVID-19, symptoms, pathogenesis and prevention/treatment

TRIGLYCERIDES VARIATIONS AMONG THE BLOOD OF ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC PEOPLES FROM DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA

Diabetes is a set of various disorders characterizes by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, due to the insufficiency of insulin and/or impaired effectiveness of insulin action. It is observed that every population in this world suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and other forms of glucose intolerance, mainly Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT). The present study estimates the Triglycerides variations among the blood of alcoholic and non-alcoholic peoples from different states of India. The study includes North Indian states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. Plasma Triglycerides level in female and male subjects of Bihar were found 182.63±32.24 and 143.52±11.18 respectively. The mean of Plasma Triglycerides Level in Uttar Pradesh Control nonalcoholic subjects was found to be 235.46±9.46 years. The difference in Plasma triglycerides in Rajasthan Control alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects were 120.00±0.00 years (Mean ± SE) and 166.68±10.76 (Mean ± SE) respectively

MAGNITUDE OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY AMONG HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WORKING ON COVID-19 AT DILLA REFERRAL HOSPITAL DILLA, ETHIOPIA

Background: In Ethiopia, Corona confirmed cases are increasing from time to time, and health care professionals were front line exposed risky groups for infection. The mental health of the health professional is vital for better care and treatment outcome patients. This study aimed to determine the health care professional’s current mental health status and associated factors in response to the pandemic. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey using a consecutive sampling technique was employed from April 5-10, 2020. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was the assessment tool used to determine current anxiety symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regressions at 95% CI and p< 0.05 were used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Results: This study enrolled a total of 326 respondents, and the overall prevalence of GAD was 40.2%. Variables associated with General anxiety disorder were being female, family size 3+, nurses, working in out-patient and emergency service, and ≤ 3years working experience at 95% confidence interval, p< 0.05. Conclusions: This study found that more than one-third of the respondents had a general anxiety disorder in response to the pandemic, and identified groups of the participants were female, nurses, family size 3 +, and ≤ three years of working experience. So there should be immediate psychological intervention and training for an identified group of peoples to promote the mental health status of health professionals for better and quality health service. &nbsp

MATHEMATICS OF COVID-19 IN INDIA AND THEIR POSSIBLE CONTROL BY Allium sativum (L.)

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the betacoronavirus genus. Betacoronaviruses infect mammals, are zoonotic pathogens, and can cause severe respiratory disease in human being. Till date there are no drugs or vaccine to control the infection of this pandemic disease. The present comprehensive review is therefore an effort to give detailed information about Allium sativum (Garlic) against nCoronavirus. The ayurveda and other traditional system of medicine in India described garlic and other medicinal herbs are used against various epidemics time-to-time. Alternatively, a number of literature noted that compounds extracted from garlic and other group of alliums such as allicin, diallytrisulfide, azoene and quercetin exhibit antiviral activity

MEASUREMENT OF FASTING BLOOD SUGAR, SERUM TOTAL PROTEIN, SERUM ALBUMIN, SERUM TOTAL BILIRUBIN, SERUM DIRECT BILIRUBIN, AND LIVER FUNCTION PARAMETERS FOR CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

Leukemia is a common malignancy of childhood. Leukemias are group of malignant disorders of the haematopoietic tissues that are characteristically associated with increased numbers of leucocytes in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood. The aetiology of leukemia is unknown but several lines of evidence do suggest that the disease is a result of interactions between several factors for example: viral infections, ionizing radiations, chemicals and genetic factors. The incidence of ALL varies, and depends on age, sex and race. Antineoplastic agents (cytotoxic drugs) are used in the treatment of malignant diseases when radiotherapy and surgery are not possible or they are not effective. This study aims to evaluate some of biochemical parameters in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The results indicated that the value of parameters tested varies according to type of test (i.e. some higher than normal, some less than normal). Matrials & Methods: Eighteen pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia children were included in this study. All were subjected to γ-tocopherol, methotrexate, vincristine, and 6-mercaptopurine chemotherapy treatment. Serum fasting glucose, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were measured using autoanalyser device. Results: Of eighteen pediatric patients, two (11.11%) were hypoglycemic (22.00±1.00mg/dL), two (11.11%) with high direct bilirubin (0.50±0.00mg/dL), six (33.33%) with low total protein (3.83±0.85gm/dL), eight (44.44%) with low albumin (2.47±0.41gm/dL), four (22.22%) with low alkaline phosphatase (20.50±11.83U/L), six (33.33%) with high alanine aminotransferase (136.66±37U/l)., and ten (55.56%) with high aspartate aminotransferase (238.60±39.15IU/L). Conclusions: malignancy of disease and chemotherapy treatment negatively affected biochemical levels included in this study, liver function, and nutritional status of patients.&nbsp

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF PLANTS Acalypha indica (L.) AND Cocculus hirsutus (L.) FROM PRAKASAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

oai:ojs.mbimph.com:article/1367Objectives: The present study report the phytochemical analysis of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanolic extracts of leaf, stem bark and root of Acalypha indica (L.) and Cocculus hirsutus (L.) plants. Methods: Plants material used were collected from Kadaparajupalle at Dornala Mandal, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The authentication of the plant species was done by the taxonomist. The plant part extraction was done by using soxhlet apparatus. The preliminary phytochemical screening of this extracts was conducted by following the standard methods for the presence of the alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids & steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, coumarins, quinones, resins, and glycosides. Results: Results indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids & steroids, tannins, anthocyanidins, phenolic compounds, coumarins, quinones, resins and glycosides in all the plant extracts and could be used for the treatment of wounds and burns. Conclusion: The presence of high alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids of the plant extracts suggest their antioxidant potential and justifies their therapeutic action which could be used for the drug formulation