Hot spring hydrochemistry on opposite sides of the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico and a geochemical connection between Valles Caldera and Ojo Caliente

Warm and hot springs are present on both sides of the northern Rio Grande rift (RGR). Springs on the western side of the RGR are along faults that extend NE of the Valles Caldera; springs on the east are along faults near Taos, NM. The Valles Caldera is a significant feature near our study site because it had major rhyolite eruptions 1.6 and 1.25 Ma, subsequent rhyolite eruptions lasted until 40-60 ka, and the Caldera now hosts an active magmatically driven geothermal system. The latest volcanism in the Taos Plateau region, near the eastern springs, was older, ~ 2 Ma. We compare spring chemistries using a multi-tracer approach from both spring groups as well as from nearby meteoric springs for comparison. For the western group, we also relate hydrochemistry of western springs to distance from the Valles Caldera. The combined multi-tracer results for Ojo Caliente are interpreted in terms of high CO2 from magmatic sources, high geothermal tracers (Li, B, Na, Cl, Cext, He, Sr), del13C values of -3.5 to -6.8‰, deep circulation through radiogenic basement based on 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.747, and presence of 1.6 to 4.0% mantle derived helium. The eastern springs multi-tracer results show less geothermal input as shown by lower concentrations of CO2 and geothermal tracers, although they have a similar helium isotopic signature of up to ~4% mantle-derived helium. The geothermal tracers at Ojo Caliente hot springs are interpreted to be distal influences of the Valles geothermal system. Volatiles (CO2 and He) as well as small volumes of geothermal water are transported ~60 km along the Embudo accommodation zone and Ojo Caliente fault systems of the Jemez lineament and RGR. These regional basement fault systems provide conduits for vertical and lateral migration of deep gases and solutes to rise and mix with meteoric fluids, verified by mantle helium and endogenic carbon isotopes.Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) award #IIA-1301346Earth and Planetary ScienceMastersUniversity of New Mexico. Dept. of Earth and Planetary SciencesCrossey, LauraKarlstrom, KarlFischer, Tobia

POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF WILDFIRES IN THE RIO GRANDE WATERSHED: PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE OF FUTURE FIRE EVENTS IN THE RISK AREA OF EL RITO WATERSHED

The main goals of this paper were to improve the understanding of the hydro-geomorphic effects of wildfires in the Rio Grande headwaters and identify the El Rito watershed as a fire prone risk area. To achieve the goals the researcher has conducted an extensive literature review about the impacts of wildfires in the Rio Grande watershed and built a system dynamic (SD) model to project the risk of fire occurrences in the El Rito watershed. The Powersim tool was used to simulate the probability of fire occurrence in the study area from 1970 to 2050 following the logit regression equation based on climate change variables and the result showed an increasing trend of the occurrence of fires in a monthly basis. This method will help fire managers make effective decisions by taking actions to improve the efficiency of wildfire suppression efforts during severe fire seasons.Community and Regional PlanningMastersUniversity of New Mexico. School of Architecture and PlanningScruggs, CarolineStone, MarkFleming, Willia

Iconicity effects in translation direction: Bimodal bilingual lexical processing

Second language learners of American Sign Language (ASL) have an unusual preference for translating “forward” into their second language (Nicodemus & Emmorey 2013), in contrast to spoken language bilinguals’ preference for translating “backward” into their first language (Seleskovich, 1976). The typical bilingual preference for backward lexical translation is modeled by Kroll and Stewart (1994) who showed that forward translation uses slower conceptual mediation and backward translation uses faster lexical mediation, but this asymmetry alone fails to explain signed language bilinguals’ forward preference. Prior attempts to explain these conflicting patterns for signing vs. non-signing bilinguals based on the prevalence of iconicity in signed languages are inconclusive (Bosworth & Emmorey 2010, Thompson et al. 2009, 2010). However, these failed to distinguish between language-external (transparency and imageability) and language-internal (iconicity) motivated form-meaning mappings. This dissertation investigates whether language-external and language-internal motivated mappings between form and meaning differentially impact conceptual and lexical activation during translation. Study 1 revisits translation recognition experiments (Talamas et al. 1999, Sunderman & Kroll, 2006) in which participants judge lexical items from two languages and decide if they are equivalent. Results show incorrect translation distractors that are related in both form and meaning to the correct translation inhibit recognition in both novices and experts; however, they parallel semantic distractors for novices, but phonological distractors for experts. Further, language-external conceptual imageability affects novices and experts in a similar manner for unrelated distractors, but not for iconic distractors. Study 2 investigates the interaction of proficiency, imageability, and iconicity during production in forward and backward translation. While both imageability and iconicity facilitate forward translation for novices, they do not facilitate backward translation. Experts, on the other hand, show no facilitation for either measure in forward translation, but do benefit from iconicity in backward translation. In sum, this dissertation provides evidence that language external motivations facilitate conceptual access for novice learners of signed languages and language internal motivations grow in importance with proficiency. This dynamic explains the unusual preference of spoken/signed bilinguals for forward translation at lower levels of proficiency and provides support for a cognitive usage-based model of the bimodal bilingual lexicon.National Science Foundation Visual Learning Visual Language Science of Learning Center Student Review Committee; University of New Mexico Graduate and Professional Student AssociationLinguisticsDoctoralUniversity of New Mexico. Dept. of LinguisticsMorford, Jill P.Wilcox, ShermanWilcox, Phyllis P.Shaffer, BarbaraKroll, Judith F

Thin film AlSb carrier transport properties and room temperature radiation response

Theoretical predictions for AlSb material properties have not been realized using bulk growth methods. This research was motivated by advances in molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth technology to produce high-quality thin-film AlSb for the purpose of evaluating transport properties and suitability for radiation detection. Simulations using MCNP5 were performed to benchmark an existing silicon surface barrier detector and to predict ideal AlSb detector behavior, with the finding that AlSb should have improved detection efficiency due to the larger atomic number of Sb compared with Si. GaSb diodes were fabricated by both homoepitaxial MBE and ion implantation methods in order to determine the effect on the radiation detection performance. It was found that the radiation response for the MBE grown GaSb diodes was very uniform, whereas the ion-implanted GaSb diodes exhibited highly variable spectral behavior. Two sets of AlSb heterostructures were fabricated by MBE methods; one for a Hall doping study and the other for a radiation response study. The samples were characterized for material quality using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nomarski imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), I-V curve analysis, and Hall effect measurements. The Hall study samples were grown on semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrates and contained a thin GaAs layer on top to protect the AlSb from oxygen. Doping for the AlSb layer was achieved using GaTe and Be for n- and p-type conductivity, respectively, with intended doping densities ranging from 1015 to 1017 cm-3. Results for net carrier concentration ranged 2×109 to 1×1017 cm-3, 60 to 3000 cm2/Vs for mobility, and 2 to 106 Ω-cm for resistivity, with the undoped AlSb samples presenting the best values. The radiation detector samples were designed to be PIN diodes, with undoped AlSb sandwiched between n-type GaAs substrate and p-type GaSb as a conductive oxygen-protective layer. Energy spectra were measured from 241Am, 252Cf, and 239Pu sealed sources, with good peak resolution and signal to noise response. Both GaSb PN diodes and AlSb PIN diodes exhibited larger pulses for smaller surface area samples, in good agreement with voltage-capacitance relationships for junctions. Microwave photoconductive decay (MW-PCD) measurements were performed on the Hall samples to determine the effect of doping on the minority carrier lifetime. Contrary to expectations, more heavily doped samples presented with longer decay times, some as large as hundreds of microseconds. There also appeared to be multiple exponential decay curves, potentially associated with different decay mechanisms. Collectively, the studies presented here reinforce the predicted nature of AlSb with respect to radiation detection.EngineeringDoctoralUniversity of New Mexico. Dept. of Chemical and Nuclear EngineeringHecht, AdamBalakrishnan, Ganeshde Oliviera, CassianoSharma, Ashwan

Reclaiming the Land: Indigenous Articulations of Environmentalism at Bears Ears

This thesis explores how an inter-tribal coalition in Southern Utah is strategically mobilizing environmental ethics in order to guarantee access to tribal homelands. Facing serious threat from Anglo communities in Utah who use race and religion to produce themselves as the authentic local population, the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition forges new kinds of alliances with environmental groups and appropriates conservation and preservation ethics in order to reclaim the land. Indigenous articulations of environmentalism at Bears Ears disrupt the colonial temporal and spatial logics that undergird dominant American imaginaries of wilderness and antiquity, reattaching Native peoples to the land by centering Native American relationships to the natural world as indispensable to the future of preservation and conservation in the U.S. I employ a critical indigenous studies lens to critique how tribal governments contending with settler colonial politics of recognition strategically engage environmentalist rhetoric and align with conservation groups to assert an authentic indigeneity and guarantee their access to the land.American StudiesMastersUniversity of New Mexico. Dept. of American StudiesGoldstein, AlyoshaHolscher, KathleenDebenport, Eri

03 August 1939 SAN MIGUEL County Specimen Collection Data

Specimen collected 03 August 1939. Original Locality: Arroyo Pecos at E edge of Las Vegas. Locality: Arroyo Pecos at E edge of Las Vegas.Catalog number: MSB783; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 44; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB797; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 54; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1044; Taxa: Semotilus atromaculatus; Common name: creek chub; Count of specimens: 4; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1432; Taxa: Gila nigrescens; Common name: Chihuahua chub; Count of specimens: 58; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1453; Taxa: Campostoma anomalum; Common name: central stoneroller; Count of specimens: 42; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1466; Taxa: Campostoma anomalum; Common name: central stoneroller; Count of specimens: 278; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1554; Taxa: Semotilus atromaculatus; Common name: creek chub; Count of specimens: 38; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1632; Taxa: Gila pandora; Common name: Rio Grande chub; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1815; Taxa: Platygobio gracilis; Common name: flathead chub; Count of specimens: 64; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2102; Taxa: Catostomus commersonii; Common name: white sucker; Count of specimens: 87; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2130; Taxa: Catostomus commersonii; Common name: white sucker; Count of specimens: 28; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2149; Taxa: Catostomus commersonii; Common name: white sucker; Count of specimens: 5; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB3404; Taxa: Campostoma anomalum; Common name: central stoneroller; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB3409; Taxa: Campostoma anomalum; Common name: central stoneroller; Count of specimens: 3; Standard length

28 July 1940 LINCOLN County Specimen Collection Data

Specimen collected 28 July 1940. Original Locality: Rio Hondo 1 mile below Tinnie. Locality: Rio Hondo 1 mile below Tinnie.Catalog number: MSB775; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 27; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB909; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 545; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB957; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 133; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1636; Taxa: Gila pandora; Common name: Rio Grande chub; Count of specimens: 41; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1657; Taxa: Gila pandora; Common name: Rio Grande chub; Count of specimens: 37; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1768; Taxa: Gila nigrescens; Common name: Chihuahua chub; Count of specimens: 3; Standard length

08 June 1953 SANDOVAL County Specimen Collection Data

Specimen collected 08 June 1953. Original Locality: Jemez Creek, 1 mile above mouth of Guadalupe Creek. Locality: Jemez River, 1.0 mile above mouth of Guadalupe River.Catalog number: MSB878; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 3; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2091; Taxa: Oncorhynchus mykiss; Common name: rainbow trout; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length

24 August 1949 GRANT County Specimen Collection Data

Specimen collected 24 August 1949. Original Locality: Gila River at Redrock. Locality: Gila River, at Red Rock, on NM State HWY 464.Catalog number: MSB405; Taxa: Ictalurus punctatus; Common name: channel catfish; Count of specimens: 11; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB448; Taxa: Ameiurus melas; Common name: black bullhead; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1254; Taxa: Meda fulgida; Common name: spikedace ; Count of specimens: 52; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1513; Taxa: Agosia chrysogaster; Common name: longfin dace; Count of specimens: 265; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2010; Taxa: Gila robusta; Common name: roundtail chub; Count of specimens: 6; Standard length

04 November 1949 BERNALILLO County Specimen Collection Data

Specimen collected 04 November 1949. Original Locality: Albuquerque, North Second Street drain, 5400 block. Locality: Alameda Drain, at the 5400 block of north Second Street, NM State HWY 47, just south of Montano Road.Catalog number: MSB329; Taxa: Gambusia affinis; Common name: western mosquitofish; Count of specimens: 3; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB877; Taxa: Rhinichthys cataractae; Common name: longnose dace; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1153; Taxa: Hybognathus amarus; Common name: Rio Grande silvery minnow; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1189; Taxa: Platygobio gracilis; Common name: flathead chub; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1590; Taxa: Cyprinus carpio; Common name: common carp; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB1863; Taxa: Macrhybopsis aestivalis; Common name: speckled chub; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2167; Taxa: Carpiodes carpio; Common name: river carpsucker; Count of specimens: 1; Standard length:Catalog number: MSB2646; Taxa: Pimephales promelas; Common name: fathead minnow; Count of specimens: 8; Standard length