History of Pakistan and Literary Narrative: An Exploration of Historical Consciousness in “Jahanabad ki Galiyan”

This research paper presents a critical analysis of Asghar Nadeem Syed’s novel “Jahanabad ki Galiyan”, examining it through the lens of historical consciousness. Set against the backdrop of General Zia-ul-Haq’s Martial Law in Pakistan (1977-1988), the novel explores the far-reaching consequences of this era on Pakistani society. Through its narrative, the novel delves into the intersection of politics, history, and culture, revealing the complexities of a nation’s experience under authoritarian rule. The novel’s canvas simultaneously encompasses various facets of the Pakistani landscape, including the political upheavals, social transformations, and cultural shifts that occurred during the Martial Law era. By employing a range of literary devices, including narrative, character development, and symbolism, the novel creates a nuanced and multifaceted portrayal of life in Pakistan during this period. This study will analyze how the novel portrays the impact of Martial Law on Pakistani politics, media, and interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, it will examine the ways in which the novel employs historical consciousness to blur the boundaries between past, present, and future, creating a nuanced understanding of Pakistan’s complex history. By exploring the intersections between history, politics, and literature, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Martial Law era and its ongoing impact on Pakistani society

Evolutionary Analysis of Urdu TV Drama

The establishment of Pakistan Television was a new chapter in the tradition of Urdu drama as producers and writers went beyond the tradition of stage dramas to present the realities of life to the audience by utilizing the new techniques of electronic media. Najma Farooqui's "Nazrana" was the first drama to appear on the screen, after which other writers played their role in strengthening the tradition of Urdu drama. Nowadays PTV has been replaced by many private channels and the dramas aired on these channels are also leading to the reformation of the society to some extent

India through the Eyes of a Turkish Diplomat and Dukhter-i Hindu

 Abdulhak Hamit Tarhan, born on February 5, 1851, in Istanbul, was a Turkish poet, playwright, and diplomat. He lived through various literary and political periods, including the Tanzimat era of the Ottomans, newly established constitutional periods, and the early years of the Republic of Turkiye. His works played a significant role in the emergence of modern literature. Tarhan’s curiosity led him to explore India before his journey there. However, due to his wife Fatma Hanım’s illness, he decided to become the consul in Bombay. When he arrived in India, he hoped for his wife’s recovery, but unfortunately, her condition worsened, and she passed away. This event marked a turning point in Tarhan’s life, disrupting the order he had struggled to maintain. During the time when India was under Islamic rule, it was known as a center of knowledge and education. Tarhan’s letters reflected this rich historical and cultural background. He described Bombay’s beauty, the high cost of living, the mountain-surrounded plains of Pune, and the enchanting Malabar Hill with its coconut trees. Tarhan’s impressions of India captured both its natural beauty and his personal experiences. Additionally, Tarhan’s literary work “Duhter-i Hindu” (Daughter of India) transported readers to India’s mystical atmosphere, colors, and captivating scenery. Despite the challenges of adapting it to the theater, the written narrative left a powerful impression. Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan’s exploration of India, his personal experiences, and his literary works provide valuable insights into the country’s culture, history, and natural beauty. In this study, we will examine the impressions of Abdülhak Hamid, who served as the Ottoman ambassador in India for three years, through his letters. Additionally, we will provide information about his work titled “Duhter-i Hindu,” which reflects the imagination of a Turk who has not yet seen India.&nbsp

The Postmodern Novel, Deconstruction and Indeterminacy

The influence of post-modernism is evident across various genres of Urdu literature, including poetry, ghazals, fiction, and novels. This paper seeks to examine and interpret the impact of post-modern philosophy and its stylistic trends on the language of the Urdu novel. The novel, as a genre, has been selected for this study due to its intrinsic connection with lived experience, serving as a dynamic reflection of society. In contemporary literature, the novel is regarded as one of the most potent social instruments, offering an unparalleled medium for articulating nuanced thoughts and ideologies. Through a critical analysis of linguistic and narrative techniques, this paper explores how post-modernism has reshaped the language and structure of Urdu novels, reinforcing their role as a mirror to evolving cultural and philosophical paradigms

Origins and Evolution of Ecocriticism: Anyalytical Study

While Western academia embraced ecocriticism in the late 20th century, Urdu literary circles only began engaging with ecological perspectives in the 2010s. This nascent discipline has since flourished, with universities incorporating ecocritical studies, scholars translating Western theories, and researchers producing original Urdu works on environmental literature. Notable contributions include Aurangzaib Naizi's pioneering books Ecocriticism: Theory and Practice and Urdu Literature: An Ecological Perspective, which established foundational frameworks. Pakistani scholars like Abdullah Naem Rasool (Urdu Poetry: An Ecological Review) and Dr. Ashraf Javed Malik (Urdu Nazm: An Ecological Perspective) have expanded the discourse through genre-specific analyses. From India, Nasreen Ahsan Fatihi's Ecofeminism and Contemporary Urdu Short Story offers a gender-sensitive approach, while Sabeen Ali's journal Deedban provides a platform for ongoing ecocritical debates. This rapid institutionalization reflects Urdu academia's responsiveness to global ecological concerns while developing indigenous critical paradigms. The discipline's growth demonstrates how Urdu scholarship is both absorbing international theoretical models and cultivating its own ecocritical traditions to reinterpret literary heritage through an environmental lens. As climate change urgency grows, Urdu ecocriticism promises to yield increasingly sophisticated analyses of nature-culture intersections in South Asian literature

The Trends of Functionalist Translations and Christiane Nord's Function and Loyalty Approach

The renowned German translation expert, Christiane Nord, has played a pivotal role in promoting functionalist approaches to translation. Under the direct guidance and supervision of iconic German translation scholars Katharina Reiss and Hans J. Vermeer, Nord recognized the significance of target-oriented aspects and the functionalist perspective of translational action. However, her most notable contribution to the functionalist paradigm lies in her practical and pragmatic approach. Nord successfully addressed the gaps present in functionalist approaches in general, and Skopos Theory in particular. This article provides a brief overview of the evolution of functionalist approaches to translation while exploring Christiane Nord's significant contributions. Special attention is given to her groundbreaking function + loyalty concept, which bridges the theoretical and practical dimensions of translation studies. Nord's work not only refines existing theories but also offers translators a concrete and ethical framework to balance functional objectives with loyalty to the original text. Her contributions continue to influence and reshape modern translation practices. &nbsp

A Stylistic Study of Mushtaq Ahmed Yousufi's Literary Corpus

Mushtaq Ahmed Yousufi stands as a towering figure in Urdu prose, elevating it to unparalleled heights of brilliance and sophistication. His works are a masterful blend of intellectual depth, self-reflection, and literary artistry, enriched by a distinctive style of humor—subtle yet profound, rooted in wit, wisdom, and philosophical insight. Yousufi’s prose transcends mere entertainment; it is a refined interplay of irony, linguistic elegance, and existential contemplation, making him a unique voice in Urdu literature. This article explores Yousufi’s unparalleled literary craftsmanship, shedding light on his authorial genius and the distinctive traits that define his oeuvre. Through critical analysis, it examines the stylistic nuances, rhetorical finesse, and thematic richness that characterize his writings. By delving into his use of satire, wordplay, and profound observation, the study illuminates how Yousufi redefined Urdu prose, leaving an indelible mark on its evolution. Ultimately, this exploration seeks to deepen the appreciation of his work, offering fresh insights into his enduring legacy as a literary virtuoso

Patriotism in the Poetry of Azerbaijani poet Ulvi Bunyadzade

Ulvi Bunyadzade, a prominent figure in Azerbaijani literature, stands out as an emblematic poet known for his profound dedication to the themes of freedom and independence. His poetic works, infused with deep emotion and nationalistic fervor, resonate with the aspirations and struggles of the Azerbaijani people. This research article explores Bunyadzade's life, literary contributions, and the socio-political context that shaped his oeuvre. It examines the ways in which his poetry reflects the collective yearning for liberty and the resistance against oppression, employing symbolic imagery and powerful language to inspire a sense of unity and resilience. Through a detailed analysis of his key works, the study underscores Bunyadzade's role as a voice of resistance and a beacon of hope in the literary tradition of Azerbaijan. This exploration sheds light on how his poetic legacy continues to influence contemporary literature and inspire new generations with its universal call for freedom and justice

Tahzeeb-e-Niswan and Female Tareekh Goi

Tareekhgoi (chronogram), a revered art among classical Urdu poets, ingeniously encoded dates within poetic verses using Arabic numeral values of letters. Historically, when formal record-keeping was scarce, these chronograms served as mnemonic devices for significant events. Mastery of Tareekhgoi demanded poetic finesse and numerological expertise, leading to the misconception that it was a male-dominated craft. However, with the advent of colonial-era education, women poets defied this notion. Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, a pioneering women’s magazine, became a platform for female voices to excel in Tareekhgoi, publishing hundreds of verses on diverse occasions—from births to cultural milestones. These contributions dismantled gender biases and cemented women’s place in Urdu literary history. This groundbreaking study is the first to analyze the volume, themes, and artistic merit of chronograms published in Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, revealing their expressive range and socio-cultural significance. By documenting this overlooked legacy, the research paves the way for future scholarly exploration of gendered literary traditions in Urdu.“Tehzeeb-e-Niswan” was a magazine, which was dedicated to women's writings and encouraged new female writers or poets. Empowered by this magazine, women started getting their standing in poetry and literature and there came a time when the women who wrote in the magazine “Tehzeeb-e-Niswan” had become renowned writers and poets of their time. These same women also demonstrated the art of Tarikhgui on the pages of “Tehzeeb-e-Niswan” and wrote hundreds of verses, proving wrong the idea that only male poets could master this art. The article under consideration has examined how many historical verses were published in Tehzeeb Niswan and what was their artistic status. It has also been examined on what kind of different occasions the poets recited verses and how much diversity there was in their expression. This is the first research work on this topic in Urdu, which can open avenues for further research in the future

The Importance of Novelistic Wisdom in Milan Kundera's Critical System

          Milan Kundera is undoubtedly one of the greatest intellectuals of the modern era. His status as a novelist is undeniable, but his second greatness is that he has written openly in his articles and interviews about the evaluation of the novel and its distinction from other disciplines.He has proven, through detailed and credible logical reasoning, that the novel is superior to all other academic disciplines in its identification and exploration of human existence.He distinguishes novel,s wisdom from non-novel wisdom in an argumentative manner. In this article, we have tried to examine his thoughts on what grounds he reaches the conclusion that what is novel,s wisdom.In this article, with the help of Kundera's critical approach, we have tried to reach a conclusion on what basis a novel becomes a high novel and for what reasons it falls from the level of a true novel and falls into the realm of a fake novel