Symbolism and Expression: A Study of Creative Meaning Between Disclosure and Concealment: علامتیت اور اظہاریہ: افشا و اخفا کے مابین تخلیقی معنویت کا مطالعہ

This research paper investigates the complex relationship between symbolism and expression within the framework of literary discourse. It explores how symbolic language functions as a medium for expressing hidden, layered, and often ambiguous meanings, situated between the polarities of disclosure and concealment. Drawing from literary theory, psychoanalysis, and aesthetics, the study examines how the symbolic form transforms raw emotion, internal conflict, and subconscious content into communicable artistic expressions. The discussion also engages with the role of symbols in transcending literal representation to evoke deeper, more nuanced interpretations, thus bridging the gap between the creator and the reader. Through critical insights from thinkers such as Freud, Jung, and modern literary critics, the paper highlights the symbolic process as a psychological and cultural necessity in human expression. In doing so, it positions symbolism not as an ornamental device, but as a primary architecture of meaning-making in art and literature. Key Words: Symbolism, Expression, Disclosure, Concealment, Creative Meaning, Literary Semiotic

The Meanings and Definitions of Ishq: An Analysis: عشق کے معنی و مفاہیم:ایک تجزیہ

The Quran has declared divine love as the identity of the believer and the soul of faith. This exceptional position of divine love in the Quran strengthens the argument that the basic concept of purification in the Quran is the love of Allah, not His divine obedience. This obedience is only a necessary consequence of this love. Of course, the extraordinary importance of divine love in religion is an indisputable fact. However, the term 'divine love' is used by Sufism instead of 'divine love'. In order to prove that the basic concept of purification of religion according to the Quran is divine love, two things must be proven: one is that the true meaning of divine love mentioned in the Quran is the same as divine love, and the other is that according to the Quranic statements and styles of speech, this love of Allah is the basic concept of His religion. Is this the real reality? It remains to be seen what the internal evidence of the Quran decides in this regard. The present article presents a complete review of Ishq. Key Words: The Quran, soul of faith, divine obedience, divine love, Quranic statements, Sofias, “Sub-Rus”

Naguib Mahfouz's Novel Writing : The Struggle for Social Justice

    Naguib Mahfouz holds a pivotal position not only in Arabic literature but also in global novel writing, with his works profoundly exploring the theme of social justice. Central to Mahfouz’s narratives is a critique of Egypt's class system, poverty, and exploitation, reflecting broader questions related to human rights, equality, and moral responsibilities. Through his characters and their stories, Mahfouz engages in a literary battle against social injustice, awakening social consciousness not just within the Arab world, but on a global scale. This abstract delves into various aspects of social justice as portrayed in his works, highlighting Mahfouz’s significant influence on both Egyptian and world literature. Mahfouz’s exploration of social justice illustrates that literature is not merely a means of entertainment but can serve as a powerful instrument for social change. His novels have sparked public discourse on issues such as poverty, women's rights, and political reforms, challenging readers to confront the realities of their societies. Mahfouz asserts that the purpose of literature is to reconnect individuals with their human dignity, emphasizing that justice transcends legal definitions and embodies a moral obligation. This research paper concludes that in Mahfouz's novels, the theme of social justice is not just a narrative device; it represents a struggle for human existence itself. His literary creations compel readers to reconsider the essence of justice as an ethical duty, challenging societal norms and inspiring a collective awakening towards a more just world. Ultimately, Mahfouz's legacy is a testament to the profound connection between literature and social responsibility, positioning his works as essential contributions to both Arabic and global literary landscapes Key Words: Naguib Mahfouz, Social Justice, Literature, Human Rights, Moral Obligation, Social Change Nove

Legal Challenges Faced By New Muslims in Sindh and Its Solution

A Large number of people convert to Islam in Sindh. Statistics reflect the increasing amount in different regions of Sindh. Faith conversions stimulate a number of issues which are sometimes very critical and sensitive. Sindh has 30 Districts and 6 Division where Interviews were conducted. The basic aim was to highlight the legal issues faced by neo-converts after they accept Islam. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative methodology. Legal Challenges exist in every society.  Neo Converts after accepting Islam often face hindrances like fake FIRs hurdles, Police Harassment and Imprisonment, have to acquire Sanad e Islam, face undue constraints in acquiring CNIC, domicile making and changing names in educational documents. Marital problems and child custody also comes into play. The Government and Society should be on one page for New Muslims together to stop fake FIRs, police harassment and facilitation in important documents. Keywords: Neo Converts, Islamic Conversion In Sindh, Legal Confrontation and its Solution, Legislation for New Muslims

Existentialism In Urdu Poetry : اردو شاعری میں وجودیت

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that originated in the 19th century with thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. These figures emphasized the significance of individual existence, freedom, and personal responsibility in response to the decline of religious certainty and the advent of modernity. Existentialism asserts that individuals must create meaning in their lives through their choices and actions, while negotiating the existential weight of human freedom and the burden it entails. The concept of freedom in existentialism grants individuals the ability to shape their own lives, yet this freedom also brings with itself a great deal of anxiety and uncertainty. According to existentialist thought, humans are free to choose their paths, but with this freedom comes the responsibility to face the consequences of their decisions. It is this tension between freedom and responsibility that defines the human condition. The article further discusses how existentialism addresses the challenges of human existence, including the search for identity, the confrontation with mortality, and the pursuit of authenticity. By accepting the inherent uncertainty of life and embracing personal responsibility, individuals can create meaningful and authentic lives. In conclusion, existentialism highlights the importance of self-awareness, personal choice, and the courage to confront life’s uncertainties. It encourages individuals to find purpose in their existence through their actions and decisions, ultimately leading to a more profound understanding of the human experience. Existentialism has been explored in Urdu literature across various themes and genres. This article thoroughly examines the presence and articulation of the existentialist thought in the works of prominent Urdu poets such as Allama Iqbal, Noon Meem Rashid, Meeraji, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi, and several others from the Urdu literary canon. Keywords: Existentialism, freedom, human experience, meaning, Urdu Poetry, Allama Iqbal, Noon Meem Rashid, Meeraji, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmed Nadeem Qasm

A Comparative Study of the Fiction Writing of Surendra Prakash and Nand Kishore Vikram: سریندر پرکاش اور نند کشور وکرم کی افسانہ نگاری کاتقابلی مطالعہ

The strong reaction of the pioneers of modern story after 1960 against the traditional, superficial, monotonous and shallow demonstration of realism of their predecessors was, on the one hand, forcing them to abandon plot, character, unity of impression and modernity, while on the other hand, the tourism of new styles was provoking them to break away from the fixed linguistic rules. In this crowd of modern fiction writers, Surendra Prakash and Nand Kishore Vikram has the distinction of being the one who rejects the importance and meaning of the ancient tradition of fiction, nor does he reject the references and questions of life and time, but fully maintains his role as a pioneer in breaking the concept of progressive brand realism and changing the earth and sky of Urdu fiction. While adopting and experimenting with a different world of experiences, a unique world of observations, a unique habitat of characters, the blurred paths of mythology, and new flavors of language and expression in his stories, Surendra Prakash does not forget the traditions of storytelling. Key Words: Surendra Prakash, Nand Kishore Vikram, ancient tradition of fiction, 1960, impression and modernity, Urdu fiction

Dowry in Ancient Semitic Societies – Historical perspectives on dowry customs in Mesopotamia, Canaan, and Arabia

Dowry has played a crucial role in shaping marriage customs in ancient Semitic societies, including Mesopotamia, Canaan, and pre-Islamic Arabia. This paper explores the historical perspectives on dowry practices in these regions, analyzing their economic, social, and legal significance. Using historical records, legal codes such as the Code of Hammurabi, and religious texts, the study examines how dowry functioned as a form of financial security, a tool for alliance-building, and a reflection of patriarchal structures. The research also investigates the ways in which dowry customs varied across different Semitic cultures and how they influenced later religious and legal traditions. By contextualizing dowry within its historical framework, this paper provides insights into its evolution and enduring impact on marriage practices in Semitic societies. Key Words:&nbspDowry, Ancient Semitic Societies, Mesopotamia, Canaan, Arabia, Marriage Customs, Legal Codes, Patriarchy, Economic Security, Gender Roles, Social Histor

Unspoken Neo-Theoretical Discourses in Urdu Criticism : اردو تنقید میں ناگفتہ نو نظری مباحث

The rapid socio-political, cultural, and intellectual transformations of the late 20th and early 21st centuries have not only reshaped global literary paradigms but also led to the revival and reinterpretation of past ideologies within contemporary contexts. As a result, various neo-theoretical movements—such as Neo-Marxism, Neo-Structuralism, Neo-Colonialism, Neo-Formalism, and others—have emerged, providing fresh lenses for literary analysis. These "Neo" frameworks have been widely debated, critiqued, and applied in Western literary criticism, influencing the evaluation of texts across multiple disciplines. However, Urdu literary criticism has largely remained detached from these developments, engaging only minimally with these renewed theoretical perspectives. The few discussions that do exist are scattered across literary magazines and research journals, lacking comprehensive critical engagement or methodological application within mainstream Urdu literary discourse. This apparent neglect has restricted the theoretical expansion of Urdu criticism, limiting its ability to engage with evolving global critical practices. If these neo-theoretical discourses were systematically studied and incorporated into Urdu criticism, they could potentially open new avenues for critical inquiry, deepen interpretative frameworks, and enrich analytical discourse. Such an endeavor would not only modernize Urdu criticism but also position it within the larger global critical landscape, fostering intellectual exchange and innovation. Keywords: Neo-Ideologies, Literary Criticism, Tradition and Innovation, Neoclassicism, Neo-Realism, Neo-Expressionism, Neo-Romanticism, Neo-Surrealism, Urdu Criticism, Intellectual Influence

Gratitude as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Coronavirus Anxiety and Psychological Well-Being Among Emerging Adults: A Quantitative Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the psychological health of emerging adults, a developmental group already navigating transitional life challenges. Coronavirus Anxiety, characterized by persistent fear and preoccupation with the virus, has been linked to deteriorations in Psychological Well-being. Emerging evidence suggests that positive psychological traits like Gratitude may serve as protective factors in times of crisis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether Gratitude mediates the relationship between Coronavirus Anxiety and Psychological Well-being among emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed. A sample of 300 emerging adults (aged 18–25) residing in Karachi completed self-report measures including the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), and the Psychological Well-being Scale. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression to test the mediation model. Results: Results indicated a significant negative relationship between Coronavirus Anxiety and Psychological Well-being (R² = 0.049, p < .01). The inclusion of Gratitude as a mediating variable enhanced the model's explanatory power (R² = 0.073, p < .01), confirming Gratitude as a significant partial mediator. Conclusion: Gratitude plays a meaningful role in mitigating the adverse psychological effects of Coronavirus Anxiety among emerging adults. Integrating gratitude-based practices into mental health interventions may enhance resilience and well-being in pandemic-affected populations.  Keywords: Coronavirus Anxiety, Psychological Well-being, Gratitude, Emerging Adults, COVID-19, Karachi, Pakistan.   &nbsp

Political philosophy in the Poetry of Abdul Rahim Majzoob : د عبدالرحيم مجذوب پۀ شاعرۍ کښې سياسي فلسفه

Abdul Rahim Majzoob (1935-2021), one of the greatest Pashto poet of the 20th century, was a resident of Lakki Marwat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He was a renowned Pashto poet of his time. Some people also call him the "John Keats" of Pashto poetry. Although he was also a romantic poet, he was a lawyer by profession, and he has published a number of books of prose and poetry. Which are included in the syllabus of different universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.  As we know that philosophy is essential for a civilized society and this philosophy is promoted by writers, we want to see the political philosophy of this great poet, how he wants to preach his nation (Pashtun) through poetry? Key word: Philosophy, political philosophy, Abdul Rahim majzoo