Planificación presupuestaria y mantenimiento de obras: Desafíos y estrategias

Abstract

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0238 Budget planning is fundamental for the efficient maintenance of infrastructure as it ensures adequate resource allocation and mitigates financial risks. This narrative review examines key challenges associated with poor planning, identifying factors such as cost underestimation, lack of initial diagnostics, and limited adoption of advanced technologies. Globally, methodologies like risk management and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have proven effective, while in Latin America, financial constraints and weak interinstitutional coordination remain critical barriers. In Ecuador, issues such as cost overruns, the absence of preventive plans, and limited technical oversight are prominent. The review suggests that strategies like continuous training, preventive maintenance, optimization methodologies such as PERT and CPM, and the integration of advanced technologies can significantly enhance resource management efficiency and ensure infrastructure sustainability. This multidimensional approach is essential to addressing current challenges and optimizing the functionality and longevity of civil works. Keywords: risk management, sustainability, optimization methodologies, technical oversight, infrastructure.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0238 Resumen La planificación presupuestaria es clave para el mantenimiento eficiente de obras, ya que permite una adecuada distribución de recursos y la mitigación de riesgos financieros. Este análisis narrativo revisa las principales problemáticas asociadas a la falta de planificación, identificando factores como la subestimación de costos, la ausencia de diagnósticos iniciales y la limitada implementación de tecnologías avanzadas. A nivel global, metodologías como la gestión de riesgos y el uso de Building Information Modeling (BIM) han demostrado ser efectivas, mientras que en América Latina, las restricciones financieras y la débil articulación interinstitucional persisten como barreras críticas. En Ecuador, los problemas incluyen sobrecostos, falta de planes preventivos y limitada supervisión técnica. La revisión sugiere que estrategias como la capacitación continua, el mantenimiento preventivo, el uso de metodologías de optimización como PERT y CPM, y la integración de tecnologías avanzadas pueden mejorar significativamente la eficiencia en la gestión de recursos y garantizar la sostenibilidad de las infraestructuras. Este enfoque multidimensional es clave para enfrentar los desafíos actuales y optimizar la funcionalidad y longevidad de las obras civiles. Palabras clave: gestión de riesgos, sostenibilidad, metodologías de optimización, supervisión técnica, infraestructura. Abstract Budget planning is fundamental for the efficient maintenance of infrastructure as it ensures adequate resource allocation and mitigates financial risks. This narrative review examines key challenges associated with poor planning, identifying factors such as cost underestimation, lack of initial diagnostics, and limited adoption of advanced technologies. Globally, methodologies like risk management and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have proven effective, while in Latin America, financial constraints and weak interinstitutional coordination remain critical barriers. In Ecuador, issues such as cost overruns, the absence of preventive plans, and limited technical oversight are prominent. The review suggests that strategies like continuous training, preventive maintenance, optimization methodologies such as PERT and CPM, and the integration of advanced technologies can significantly enhance resource management efficiency and ensure infrastructure sustainability. This multidimensional approach is essential to addressing current challenges and optimizing the functionality and longevity of civil works. Keywords: risk management, sustainability, optimization methodologies, technical oversight, infrastructure. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025