Hunted or something else? Investigating ‘after-impact’ perforations in prehistoric seal scapulae from ˇSventoji, Lithuania

Animal scapulae bearing distinct holes (in some cases, even more than one or two) have been found in several European prehistoric sites and have mainly been associated with the hunter-gatherer-fisher communities. The genesis of such holes is usually interpreted unambiguously, i.e. they are considered to be associated with hunting, during which the scapula might have been hit with a point or harpoon. Artefacts of this type have been found in the Subneolithic sites in ˇSventoji (coastal Lithuania). This study discusses the results of the traceological studies of such scapulae and the experimental programme implemented for their needs. The microscopic analysis of the impact marks of experimentally perforated scapulae created via various osseous and flint points forms the basis for studying the direction and angles in which the ˇSventoji scapulae could have been perforated. Thus, an alternative hypothesis for the genesis of holes on these artefacts is proposed, i.e. suggesting their connection with meat smoking or roasting

Short review on determination of nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy treatment

Preprint artykułuNusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, is an active ingredient of the first drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. A deficiency in the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein causes the disease. SMN protein is required for the functioning of motor neurons and the transmission of nerve signals to muscles. Using nusinersen therapy determines the need for a pharmacokinetic and metabolic analysis of the drug. Consequently, this requires the use of various analytical techniques to study biological samples. Based on current scientific literature, encompassing publications from 2007 to 2024, the sample preparation methods for nusinersen involve liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and microextraction by packed sorbent or hybridization, which facilitate the removal of interfering components and ensure the efficient recovery of the analyte. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry is currently the primary tool used for the determination of nusinersen and its metabolites. This review discusses the latest developments in analytical methods used in nusinersen research, presents techniques for the purification of biological samples, and compares their efficiency. The use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the determination of oligonucleotides is also described. The results obtained using different chromatographic modes (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) are then summarised and compared

Nagaoka ferromagnetism in moire triangular supperlattice complexes

Decision No. 2021/41/B/ST3/03322We examine the finite-size twisted TMDs within a moire triangular lattice and analyze their magnetic properties above half-filling. By introducing one electron into a half-filled system, the total spin of the ground state can reach its maximum, leading to the emergence of Nagaoka ferromagnetism. This form of magnetism arises from correlation effects, essentially due to constructive interference among various manybody configurations. We employ exact diagonalization methods to solve the Hubbard Hamiltonian, fully accounting for these correlations. We demonstrate the emergence of Nagaoka ferromagnetism by adding one, two, and three electrons above half-filling, with the ferromagnetic characteristics varying based on the geometries of finite triangular lattices

Osseous pendants from Spiginas and Donkalnis as instigators of a discussion on technological traditions, intergroup exchange and mobility in the early and middle Holocene in Central and Northeastern Europe.

This article attempts to verify the possibility of studying the mobility patterns of prehistoric communities based on the technological features of the artefacts, identified through traceological analyses. The research subject were animal tooth pendants from several dozen key early and middle Holocene hunter-gatherer-fishers sites in Central and Northeastern Europe. The starting point for the studies was traceological research conducted on a collection of pendants from Mesolithic burials at Spiginas (grave 4) and Donkalnis (graves 2, 4, and 5) in Lithuania. These results were compared with the findings, as yet largely unpublished, from microscopic tests conducted by the authors on 12 collections of artefacts from major early and middle Holocene sites in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia together with literature information about collections from other sites in these areas, and from sites in Russia, Sweden, Denmark and Germany. Results were used to examine ways in which cord attachment areas were prepared in animal tooth pendants in Central and Northeastern Europe. In this regard, three major technological traditions were distinguished in the region which allows analysis of intercultural influences and the flow of people in the early and middle Holocene. An important part of this study involved co-ordinating the results of the technological analyses of the pendants from Spiginas and Donkalnis with the findings of stable isotope ratio measurements (87Sr/86Sr) conducted on the human remains from these cemeteries. Both research tools have been shown to be complementary in the context of research related to the mobility of early Holocene groups

Sprawozdanie z 16. Forum Młodych Bibliotekarzy:„Biblioteka –ewolucja –rewolucja”. Toruń, 12–13 września 2024 r.

W dniach 12–13 września 2024 r. w Bibliotece Głównej Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu oraz Mediatece w Młynach, należącej do Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej – Książnicy Kopernikańskiej w Toruniu, odbyło się 16. Forum Młodych Bibliotekarzy pod hasłem „Biblioteka – ewolucja – rewolucja”. Zorganizowano je we współpracy z Biblioteką Uniwersytecką w Toruniu, Książnicą Kopernikańską, a także Okręgiem Kujawsko-Pomorskim i Zarządem Głównym Stowarzyszenia Bibliotekarzy Polskich. Tekst omawia: organizację i promocję forum, przebieg obrad, a także dyskusje i wnioski

Russell’s Theories of Events and Instants from the Perspective of Point-Free Ontologies in the Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School

This is an original manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in : History and Philosophy of Logic, 45(2), 161--195, on 25.04.2024, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2023.2293414.We classify two of Bertrand Russell’s theories of events within the point-free ontology. The first of such approaches was presented informally by Russell in “The World of Physics and the World of Sense” (Lecture IV in Our Knowledge of the External World (1914)). Based on this theory, Russell sketched ways to construct instants as collections of events. This paper formalises Russell’s approach from (1914). We will also show that in such a reconstructed theory, we obtain all axioms of Russell’s second theory from (1936) and all axioms of Thomason’s theory of events from (1989). Russell’s work certainly influenced the works of Stanisław Leśniewski, his student Alfred Tarski, and Czesław Lejewski—prominent members of the Lvov-Warsaw School (LWS). We see our work in the tradition of the research of Leśniewski and Tarski. Building on the technical tools developed in this environment and in the spirit of the traditional research of the LWS, we engage here, in particular, with two classic works by Russell on fundamental ontology

The Sum Relation as a Primitive Concept of Mereology

Mereology in its formal guise is usually couched in a language whose signature contains only one primitive binary predicate symbol representing the part of relation, either the proper or improper one. In this paper, we put forward an approach to mereology that uses mereological sum as its primitive notion, and we demonstrate that it is definitionally equivalent to the standard parthood-based theory of mereological structures

Management of Waste Wood in the Energy and Fertilizer Industries. Case Study of Poland

The energy transition requires the provision of stable energy production, which can be ensured by the production of energy from waste biomass. Physicochemical analysis was carried out and the heat of combustion was determined for 11 different tree species. The moisture content of the biomass was within wide limits: from 9.41% for elderberry to 43.92% for sweet cherries. In turn, the ash content ranged from 0.77% for pine to 3.58% for elderberry. The lowest heat of combustion was found for oak biomass: 18.82 MJ/kg, and the highest for pine: 21.23 MJ/kg. A fertilizer called phytoash obtained from biomass combustion contains large amounts of fertilizing calcium and magnesium and has an alkaline reaction. Phytoash can be used as fertilizer in the fertilizer industry on acidic soils in Poland. The largest amounts of calcium and magnesium for fertilizer purposes can be used in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (2,023 Mg/year and 2.86 Mg/year), the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship (1,625 Mg/year and 2.30 Mg/ year), and the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (1,612 Mg/year and 2.29 Mg/year) and Lubuskie Voivodeship (1,609 Mg/year and 2.28 Mg/year). Calculations indicate a fairly large energy potential from waste biomass, which allows its use in the energy mix or industry, e.g. food, in Poland. The calculated amount of electricity from waste biomass would cover Poland’s needs by 6% and heat by 20%