Russell's paradox and the beginnings of mereology

International Symposium "Leśniewski: logic and ontology", World Logic Day: January 14, 2025, Faculty of Philosophy, University of WarsawThe discovery of the title paradox probably took place around 1901. It was published by Russell in 1903 in his book "Principles of Mathematics". Russell’s paradox concerns distributive classes (as extensions of concepts), analyzed by Frege in "Grundgesetze der Arithmetik". This paradox directly indicated that the theory adopted by Frege was contradictory. When Frege learned of this from Russell’s letter, he stated in the afterword to his book that the logical foundations of arithmetic that he had assumed were “shaken.

Studies of Stability of Nagaoka Ferromagnetism on a Triangular Lattice

Decision No. 2021/41/B/ST3/03322Moire superlattices can be created by stacking two atomic layers ofdifferent materials, and its electronic properties can be manipulated using easily adjustable external factors, such as the twist angle, making them promising candidates for quantum simulators. In this study, first we briefly examine the features of the triangular moire lattice of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by treating it as a periodic system through both continuum and tight-binding models. The primary aim isto investigate the magnetic characteristics by fully incorporating correlations, which is challenging in a periodic system due to the vast size ofthe Hilbert space. Therefore, we concentrate on finite-sized triangular lattices. We examine the finite-size twisted TMDs within a moire triangular lattice and analyze their magnetic properties above half-filling. By introducing one electron into a half-filled system, the total spin of the ground state can reach its maximum, leading to the emergence of Nagaoka ferromagnetism. This form of magnetism arises from correlation effects, essentially due to constructive interference among various many body configurations. We employ exact diagonalization methods to solve the Hubbard Hamiltonian, fully accounting for these correlations. We demonstrate the emergence of Nagaoka ferromagnetism by adding one, two, and three electrons above half-filling, with the ferromagnetic characteristics varying based on the geometries of finite triangular lattices. Additionally, the interaction strength is analyzed to observe transitions in total spin and assess system stability. The Nagaoka polaron is also visualized within the finite triangular lattices

Global warming affects foraging efficiency of fish by influencing mutual interference

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Augustyniak, M., Preiszner, B., Kobak, J., Czeglédi, I., Kakareko, T., Erős, T., Cuthbert, R. N., & Jermacz, Ł. (2025). Global warming affects foraging efficiency of fish by influencing mutual interference. Journal of Animal Ecology, 00, 1–11 (Early View), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70003. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions1. Predator-prey interactions underpin ecological dynamics from population to ecosystem scales, affecting population growth and influencing community stability. One of the classic methods to study these relationships is the functional response (FR) approach, measuring resource use across resource densities. 2. Global warming is known to strongly mediate consumer-resource interactions, but the relevance of prey and predator densities remains largely unknown. Elevated temperature could increase consumer energy expenditure, which needs to be compensated by greater foraging activity. However, such greater activity may concurrently result in a higher encounter rate with other consumers, which potentially affects their total pressure on resource population because of synergistic or antagonistic effects among multiple predators. 3. We performed a laboratory experiment using three densities of a fish predator (pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus) (one, two, and four specimens), two temperatures (25 and 28 oC), and six prey densities. Using the FR approach, we investigated the combined effects of elevated temperature and predator and prey density on consumer’s foraging efficiency. 4. We observed a reduced maximum feeding rate at the higher temperature for single predators. However, the foraging efficiency of predators in groups was negatively affected by antagonistic interactions between individuals and further mediated by the temperature. Specifically, we observed a general decrease in antagonistic interactions in elevated compared to the ambient water temperature for multiple predator groupings. Irrespective of temperature, antagonistic multiple predator effects increased with predator density and peaked unimodally at intermediate prey densities, indicating multiple dimensions of density-dependence which interact to supersede the effects of warming. 5. This study shows that conspecific presence negatively affects the per capita performance of predators, but that this effect is dampened with increasing temperature. Their adaptive response to temperature consists of limited food intake and further reduced intraspecific interactions. Including intraspecific competition in study design may thus offer more realistic outcomes compared to widely-used experiments with only single predator individuals, which could overestimate the effect of increasing temperature

Community Archives Pedagogies in Poland and the US – an attempt at a comparative study

The growing number of community archives, as well as the increasing scholarship on them, can be observed not only in the Anglophone countries that are most represented in the literature (especially the United Kingdom and the United States), but also in Poland. Community archives are also becoming a more recognizable ingredient of archival education. The article looks at the presence of community archives in university programs in the United States of America and Poland through six interviews conducted with archival educators from both locations teaching courses on community archives. The interviews covered among other course content and student assessment methods; challenges of teaching community archives; broader learning outcomes associated with these courses; advice for future educators. The article also tackles local contexts of community archives pedagogies in the US and Poland

Morningness-eveningness and mental health: Initial evidence of the moderating roles of mattering and anti-mattering

Mental health problems are more prevalent in evening-oriented individuals than in their morning-oriented counterparts. Recently, research has offered first insights into how the negative effects of eveningness on mental health and well-being can be magnified or alleviated depending on accompanying psychological characteristics. In the current study, we evaluated how eveningness relates to mattering and anti-mattering and whether mattering and anti-mattering can moderate the association between eveningness and mental health. The participants were 692 Polish adults (337 women, 355 men) aged between 21 and 57 years (M ± SD: 39.76 ± 9.63). All participants completed measures of morningness-eveningness and depressive and anxiety symptoms, the General Mattering Scale (GMS) and the Anti-Mattering Scale (AMS, see https://osf.io/3ak4v/). Conducted analyses showed that 1) the Polish versions of GMS and AMS have appropriate reliability and validity, 2) eveningness is negatively associated with mattering and positively associated with anti-mattering, depressive, and anxiety symptoms, and 3) the magnitude of the association between eveningness and mental health symptoms increased with higher anti-mattering and lower mattering. Overall, this study presents the first evidence of how feelings of being important and being valued may buffer against the negative effects of eveningness on mental health

Bevel-ended bone artefacts from Pulli, Estonia: Early Mesolithic debarking tools?

This paper reports the results of the first attempt of traceological studies (technological and functional) of bone products from the unique Early Mesolithic site of Pulli, Estonia. The analysis covered a group of specific tools made primarily from elk’s metapodial bones, referred to as Pulli-type bevel-ended tools. Through microscopic studies, the complete biography of these artefacts was reconstructed, considering all stages of their production and the phases of use and abandonment. Use-wear analysis and studies in the field of experimental archaeology allowed the interpretation of the function of these products, which can be perceived as specialised tools for obtaining bark (debarking). The results of the conducted studies were compared with those of singular technological and functional studies on similar early Holocene bone tools from European contexts

Archiwum Centrum Badań Mniejszości Niemieckiej - raport z badań terenowych

Raport stanowi część projektu badawczego pt. "Oddziaływanie niezależnych archiwów społecznych" i opisuje archiwum społeczne prowadzone w Opolu przez Centrum Badań Mniejszości Niemieckiej - związek stowarzyszeń działających na rzecz mniejszości niemieckiej w Polsce. Działania Centrum koncentrują się na dwóch zakresach – zakresie badawczym (na zlecenie CBMN wykonywane są różnorodne działania badawcze dotyczące Niemców w Polsce) oraz zakresie archiwalnym (polegającym na dokumentowaniu historii mniejszości niemieckiej w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej organizowania się w latach 80. i po przełomie 1989/1990). Raport zawiera następujące rozdziały: 1. Źródła i sposoby pozyskiwania informacji; 2. Ogólny profil archiwum; 3. Początki archiwum; 4. Cele i motywacje; 5. Siedziba; 6. Charakterystyka zasobu archiwalnego; 7. Działania w przestrzeni publicznej; 8. Współpraca i partnerstwa; 9. Finansowanie; 10. Osoby zaangażowane w tworzenie archiwum; 11. Gromadzenie zasobu archiwalnego; 12. Przechowywanie zasobu archiwalnego; 13. Opracowanie zasobu archiwalnego; 14. Udostępnianie zasobu archiwalnego; 15. Problemy; 16. Plany na przyszłość; 17. Miejsce w ruchu archiwistyki społecznej; 18. Bibliografia; Załącznik

The Calculus of Names—The Legacy of Jan Łukasiewicz

With his research on Aristotle’s syllogistic, Jan Łukasiewicz initiates the branch of logic known as the calculus of names. This field deals with axiomatic systems that analyse various fragments of the logic of names, i.e., that branch of logic that studies various forms of names and functors acting on them, as well as logical relationships between sentences in which these names and functors occur. In this work, we want not only to present the genesis of the calculus of names and its first system created by Łukasiewicz, but we also want to deliver systems that extend the first. In this work, we will also show that, from the point of view of modern logic, Łukasiewicz’s approach to the syllogistic is not the only possible one. However, this does not diminish Łukasiewicz’s role in the study of syllogism. We believe that the calculus of names is undoubtedly the legacy of Łukasiewicz

Projection of climate change impact on the occurrence of drought events in Poland

In the era of human-induced climate change, droughts are one of the extreme events that can severely impact water resources, regional agriculture and the ecological environment. A reliable projection of droughts for the future is crucial with the rapid global increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts. This research aims to project the future of droughts in Poland by the end of the 21st century. To achieve this, we use a multi-model mean ensemble of 26 downscaled and bias-corrected high-resolution general circulation models (GCMs) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) scenarios from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to project changes in temperature and precipitation. Then, estimation of droughts was completed for the periods 2031–2060 and 2071–2100 according to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at three-time scales of 1, 6 and 12 months to address three types of droughts (i.e., meteorological, agricultural and hydrological, respectively). The temperature and precipitation projection revealed that temperature will increase in both future periods, which is dramatic under the SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. However, precipitation fluctuates based on scenarios with a slight increase, excluding far-future periods under SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. The projected changes in droughts based on SPEI under SSP scenarios showed a decrease in frequency in the near-future, but an increase under SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5 in the far-future. The number of severe and moderate droughts is expected to rise, with a notable increase in agricultural and hydrological droughts (SPEI-6 and SPEI-12) under SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5

Wykorzystanie postaci historycznej w budowaniu marki a proces decyzyjny klientów

Historical figures’ names were used to promote products as early as in the Middle Ages. Encouraging buyers to purchase their merchandise, sellers invoked saints; today, marketing communications tends to refer to the names of rulers (e.g. Sobieski, Napoleon) and other historical figures (e.g. Kopernik, Einstein). Although the issue of the commercialization of historical figures has often aroused controversy among the public in Poland and in the world, there is no comprehensive publication on this topic. A systematic review of English (ABDC Journal Quality List 2016) and Polish literature leads to the conclusion that the problem has been addressed mainly by legal scholars who analyzed the legislation pertaining to the use of historical figures in marketing. Experts in management sciences mention the use of historical figures for promotional purposes; however, there is lack of a comprehensive studies of the topic. The researchers who specialise in marketing communications and who have studied the use of historical figures indicate it has got a positive influence on product perception; however, these conclusions have never been supported with empirical research. The main object of the research was empiricall verification of the theoretical conclusions drawn so far by other scholars in respect of the positive influence of using historical figures in brand marketing communications and specifing the cognitive influence of using historical figures on brand perception. Three hypotheses were formulated in the dissertation: H1: the use of historical figures in branding is positively perceived by the majority of current and potential customers. H2: the use of historical figures in branding is reflected in most marketing mix instruments (7P). H3: the use of a historical figure in the brand name is a source of heuristics in the clients' decision making process. The research into use of historical figures in marketing communications have been conducted for six years and has included: a systematic review of literature, a study of the number of applications containing historical figures’ names filed in the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland and the United States Patent and Trademark Office, qualitative and quantitative studies, case study with triangulation of methods, content analysis, individual interviews and focus group interview. It has been confirmed that the use of the names of Polish historical figures (300 names analyzed) amounted to over 20% in Poland while the use of the names of world historical figures (40 names analyzed) equaled 62% in Poland and 100% in the USA. Qualitative and quantitative studies conducted on an unrepresentative sample have demonstrated a positive influence of using historical figures in branding on the perception of a brand by customers. The use of historical figures in branding isn't reflected in most marketing mix instruments (7P) but despite this the use of a historical figure in the brand name is a source of heuristics in the clients' decision making process. The dissertation consists of five chapters, introduction, summary and eleven attachments. The first four chapters form the theoretical part, while the fifth part is the empirical. The research conducted by the author is the first empirical erification of the existing theoretical considerations of other scholars concerning the use of historical figures in branding. It develops and considerably expands the theoretical findings pertaining to the use of historical figures in marketing communications. The verification of the existing theoretical considerations broaden the knowledge of marketing communications and consumer behaviour. The research is a part of consumer behavior studies and thus can provide an essential incentive for the marketing practice and invaluable knowledge from the social point of view.Wykorzystanie nazwisk postaci historycznych do promowania produktów miało miejsce już w średniowieczu. Ówcześni sprzedawcy, nakłaniając do zakupów, powoływali się na postacie świętych, natomiast aktualnie w komunikacji marketingowej częściej wykorzystywane są nazwiska władców (np. Sobieski, Napoleon) i innych postaci historycznych (np. Kopernik, Einstein). Kwestia komercjalizacji bohaterów historycznych wielokrotnie wzbudzała w Polsce i na świecie kontrowersje społeczne, a mimo to brak kompleksowego opracowania tego tematu. Przeprowadzony systematyczny przegląd literatury anglojęzycznej (ABDC Journal Quality List 2016) i polskiej pozwala stwierdzić, że problemem tym zajmowali się głównie naukowcy z dziedziny prawa, którzy analizowali unormowania legislacyjne wykorzystania postaci historycznych w marketingu. W obszarze nauk o zarządzaniu autorzy jedynie sygnalizują kwestię wykorzystania postaci historycznych w działaniach promocyjnych, ale brak całościowego opracowania tego tematu. Badacze zajmujący się komunikacją marketingową, którzy podjęli kwestię wykorzystania postaci historycznych, wskazują na istnienie pozytywnego wpływ wykorzystania bohaterów historycznych na postrzeganie produktu, jednak wnioski te nie zostały nigdy poparte badaniami empirycznymi. Głównym przedmiotem badań była empiryczna weryfikacja dotychczasowych wniosków teoretycznych innych badaczy odnośnie pozytywnego wpływu wykorzystania postaci historycznych w komunikacji marketingowej marek oraz wskazanie wpływ wykorzystania postaci historycznych na postrzeganie marek. W rozprawie sformułowano trzy hipotezy: H1. Wykorzystanie postaci historycznej w budowaniu marki jest pozytywnie postrzegane przez większość obecnych i potencjalnych klientów. H2. Wykorzystanie postaci historycznej w budowaniu marki znajduje odzwierciedlenie w większości instrumentów marketingu mix marki (7P). H3. Wykorzystanie postaci historycznej w nazwie marki stanowi źródło heurystyk w procesie decyzyjnym klientów. Badania związane z wykorzystaniem postaci historycznych w komunikacji marketingowej prowadzone były przez sześć lat i obejmowały: systematyczny przegląd literatury, badanie liczby zgłoszeń zawierających nazwiska postaci historycznych w Urzędzie Patentowym Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz w urzędzie patentowym Stanów Zjednoczonych, badania jakościowe i ilościowe, studium przypadku z triangulacją metod, analizę treści, wywiady indywidualne i wywiad grupowy. Uzyskano potwierdzenie wykorzystania polskich postaci historycznych (300 nazwisk) na poziomie ponad 20% w Polsce oraz światowych postaci historycznych (40 nazwisk) na poziomie 62% w Polsce i 100% w USA. Badania jakościowe i niereprezentatywne ilościowe potwierdziły istnienie pozytywnego wpływu wykorzystania postaci historycznych w procesie budowania marki na postrzeganie jej przez klientów. Wykorzystanie postaci historycznych w budowaniu marki nie znajduje odzwierciedlenia w większości instrumentów marketingu mix (7P), a mimo to użycie postaci historycznej w nazwie marki jest źródłem heurystyk w procesie decyzyjnym klientów. Rozprawa składa się z pięciu rozdziałów, wstępu, streszczenia i jedenastu załączników. Pierwsze cztery rozdziały stanowią część teoretyczną, podczas gdy piąta część to część empiryczna. Badania autorki są pierwszą empiryczną weryfikacją dotychczasowych teoretycznych rozważań innych badaczy, dotyczących wykorzystania postaci historycznych w budowaniu marki. Niniejsza praca rozwija i znacząco poszerza istniejące ustalenia teoretyczne dotyczące wykorzystania postaci historycznych w komunikacji marketingowej. Weryfikacja dotychczasowych rozważań teoretycznych pozwoliła na zwiększenie poziomu wiedzy w obszarze komunikacji marketingowej i zachowań klientów. Badanie jest częścią badań zachowań konsumenckich i może stanowić istotny bodziec dla praktyki marketingowej oraz cenną wiedzę ze społecznego punktu widzenia