LPBF and Post Processing of H13 Tool Steel

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an innovative method where metal powder is fused together to generate complex geometries. LPBF is used as a technology to reduce material waste, and extensive labor that are often linked to conventional subtractive manufacturing. H13 tool steel is one of the widely used materials in several industries and has, therefore, gained interest in the additive manufacturing field due to its excellent mechanical properties. To produce H13 parts with optimal mechanical properties, printing parameters are optimized and a high relative density of 98% is obtained. Laser power of 203W, scanning speed of 700 mm/s, hatch spacing of 40μm and layer thickness of 25 μm are used to obtain the optimal results. Hot isostatic pressing is applied to cure the microcracks and has shown a 0.5% increase in the relative density, while it showed a significant decrease in other samples due to the excessive residual heat. Optical and scanning electron microscopy are used to observe the recrystallization of grains and grain growth resulted by tempering and rapid cooling. Tempering temperatures of 650˚C resulted in a greater reduction of microhardness than 550 ˚C. While high hot isostatic pressing temperature (1163 ˚C) shows a worsening effect on the microstructures

Northern spotted owl reproductive rates

These datasets were used in the prospective meta-analysis of northern spotted owl reproductive rates over 25 years across 11 study areas located throughout the range of the owl. A multi-state occupancy file was created by collapsing site-specific information on owl reproductive status into bimonthly (2 per month) survey occasions. These data were then analyzed to estimate annual reproductive rates, defined as: number of owls successfully reproducing/number of owl pairs, while accounting for variation in survey effort by accounting for imperfect detection of owls and potential misclassification of reproductive status. Covariates describing the probability of barred owl presence, habitat conditions, and climate were also included to explain variation in reproductive rates. These data were collected as part of the long-term demographic monitoring of northern spotted owls in association with the Effectiveness Monitoring Plan of the Northwest Forest Plan. Data included here were analyzed and interpreted in the following manuscript in review: Rockweit, J. T. et al. 2021. Sources of Variation in Reproductive Rates of Northern Spotted Owls Across Their Range: A Prospective Meta-Analysis.The datasets associated with this readme file include all relevant script files needed for the multi-state occupancy analysis of northern spotted owl reproduction. For specific file information see the readme files in this record. These data were collected as part of the long-term demographic monitoring of northern spotted owls in association with the Effectiveness Monitoring Plan of the Northwest Forest Plan

BeanCAP snap bean diversity panel SNP data

Genotype data consisting of 10,546 single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Illumina Infinium Genechip BARCBEAN6K_3 platform for 149 snap bean accessions.The accessions used to create the Snap Bean Diversity Panel were 149 snap bean accessions selected from North American and European germplasm. This panel was developed with support from the Common Bean Coordinated Agriculture Project (USDA-NIFA grant no. 2009-85606-05964). A modified CTAB procedure was used to extract genomic DNA and the resulting DNA samples were analyzed on an Illumina Infinium Genechip BARCBEAN6K_3 platform. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array utilized was composed of 10,546 allele-specific probes. The raw data was initially processed on GenomeStudio (v2.0.4) software (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Two marker SNP positions contained greater than 20% missing data and were removed from the study. All missing data for the remaining SNPs was imputed using fastPHASE software (v1.4), including heterozygous SNPs which were treated as missing data. SNPs not assigned to a genomic position in Phytozome12 (Phaseolus vulgaris, version 2.1) were removed from the study resulting in 10,073 remaining SNPs

Assessing the feasibility of a sea otter reintroduction to Oregon through a coupled natural-human lens

Sea otters fulfill a keystone role in several Northeastern Pacific nearshore ecosystems. However, their influence has been absent in Oregon coastal waters since their extirpation in the 19th and early 20th century. Interest has been growing for a translocation attempt to reintroduce sea otters to Oregon from one or more source populations of the southern sea otter and northern sea otter subspecies. Numerous unanswered questions require inquiry before a productive discussion can take place on the advisability of such an effort. A successful reintroduction would alter the existing coupled natural-human system dynamics between Oregon coastal communities, Oregon residents as a whole, and the nearshore environment. The appropriate source of reintroduction stock bears discussion, as do the optimal sites on the Oregon coast for a translocation effort and stakeholders’ attitudes towards such a proposal. This paper considers select issues related to the genetics, ecology, and human dimensions of a potential Oregon sea otter reintroduction, integrating insights from each discipline to provide a preliminary interdisciplinary examination

Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity - Dataset

This dataset consists of planted crop-tree growth metrics (Pseudotsuga menziesii), non-crop tree vegetation metrics, and foraging data for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis rooseveli) collected from the Intensive Forest Management experiment, Oregon Coast Range, USA, 2011-2016. The objective of the experiment was to quantify the effects of silvicultural herbicide treatments on biodiversity and ecosystem functions.MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACT As global terrestrial biodiversity declines via land-use intensification, society has placed increasing value on non-commercialspecies as providers of ecosystem services. Yet, many deer species and non-crop plants are perceived negatively when they decrease crop productivity, leading to reduced economic gains and human-wildlife conflict. We hypothesized that deer provide an ecosystem service in forest plantations by controlling competition and promoting crop-tree growth, although the effects of herbivory may depend on forest management intensity. If management negatively affects foraging habitat at local and landscape scales, then we expected browsing to shift to less-palatable crop trees. To test these hypotheses, we established a 5-year experiment that manipulated early forest management intensity via herbicide treatments and access of two deer species to vegetation via exclosures. Contrary to our hypothesis, deer provided an ecosystem service at high management intensities and a disservice occurred with low-intensity management. Crop-tree growth and survival was greatest when herbivory and herbicides suppressed broadleaf regeneration. In contrast, crop-tree growth was lowest when broadleaf vegetation was retained and crop-trees were subject to both browse damage and competition. We found a positive, yet variable, association between deer detections and stand- and landscape-scale broadleaf habitat, and despite initial reductions in forage, herbivory pressure was similar among management intensities. When broadleaf vegetation was suppressed by herbicides and herbivory, selection of herbaceous forage by deer intensified, likely aiding in the service. Overall, our findings indicate that the effects of vegetation management for promoting timber production are highly dependent on the presence of large herbivores. Synthesis and applications: Although deer are thought to reduce crop productivity in many systems, we found that herbivory switched from reducing crop tree growth where non-crop vegetation was retained, to promoting crop tree growth when both herbivory and herbicides suppressed competing vegetation. However, the provision of this ecosystem service is likely contingent on the amount of forage available in the landscape and subsequent foraging pressure. We conclude that nature’s capacity to provide ecosystem services depends on the intensity of management at local and landscape scales.Keywords: Elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti); Deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus); Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii

Bean CAP Snap Bean Diversity Panel Passport Data

The accessions used to create the Snap Bean Diversity Panel were 150 snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars and breeding lines selected from North American and European germplasm to create a population that is representative of the snap bean market class from a historical and geographical viewpoint. This panel was developed with support from the Common Bean Coordinated Agriculture Project (USDA-NIFA grant no. 2009-85606-05964). The passport data provides information on when and where these cultivars were developed. This panel has been genotyped using the Illumina Infinium Genechip BARCBEAN6K_3 platform. This SNP data has also been deposited in OSU ScholarsArchive and can be accessed using the link https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/datasets/m900p1589

EBB1, an AP2/ERF Transcription Factor, Promotes Transgenic Shoot Development in Populus

Recalcitrance to transformation makes genetic engineering of many valuable plants infeasible for practical use. Transitory host modification during transformation using transgenes offers a possible means of overcoming this obstacle. In prior work in our laboratory, the genes GA20ox7 and EBB1 were found to increase regeneration in vitro. In this project, I reanalyzed the regenerative properties of these two genes using a model poplar (hybrid Populus tremula x P. alba INRA 717-1B4) and a genotype that is recalcitrant to transform, P. trichocarpa (Nisqually-1):N-1. Three replicate transformation experiments were performed to compare callus, shoot, and transgenic shoot formation with the two genes and an Empty-Vector control. No shoots were produced by N-1 explants with or without the genes. 717 explants transformed with p409S:GA20ox7 regenerated poorly, producing a low proportion of transgenic shoots for stem (12.4%) and leaf (8.19%) explants compared to that for empty vector controls (24.4%, 29.5%). 717 explants transformed with p409S:EBB1, however, had a greater numbers of shoots per stem and leaf explant (37.7% and 54.2% increase, respectively) and a higher proportion (50.8%) of transgenic shoots from 717 leaf explants (44.5%) compared to the Empty-Vector controls (29.5% ). Additionally, callus growth on N-1 stem explants was increased by 116% by EBB1 and 76.8% by GA20ox7 compared to Empty-Vector controls. I conclude that the EBB1 transgene shows promise in improving transformation, but it must be removed or reactivated shortly after transformation due to apparent cytokinin toxicity and morphological defects.

Pickles and relishes

Published July 1959. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Joy Production: Gender Euphoria in Trans University Student Lives

Much of our knowledge about transgender (folks who identify as not cisgender) lives in universities centers around barriers experienced, feelings of exclusion, and being victims of harassment and violence. This thesis describes conversations regarding captured gender euphoric moments from five students at a large university. They came together through a photovoice project which aimed at providing an alternative aspect of being trans: of feeling good. Photovoice provided an opportunity to reflect communally on photographs taken that capture a shared experience. Through this study, trans kinship was strengthened among the participants making the sharing of lived experience the most valuable outcome

Assessment of the Active Absorption System of the Large Wave Flume

The Large Wave Flume at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory houses a piston wavemaker with a built-in active absorption system designed by MTS Systems Corporation. The performance of the active absorption system has not been properly assessed yet. This thesis evaluates the performance of the MTS active absorption system in parallel with a new system designed at Aalborg University called AwaSys7. The results of this thesis have a direct impact on the quality of data collected in future experiments. The collection of high-quality data in a wave laboratory is vital for coastal engineering design testing and expanding our understanding of physical ocean processes. Confidence in data is obtained by working with a reliable wave generator, particularly if an active absorption system is present and whose capabilities are known. It is understood that experiments requiring regular and irregular waves are impacted by re-reflection from the wave board if an active absorption system is not present or poorly designed. The presence of re-reflected waves leads to a build-up of energy, altering the desired sea state the experimental model is tested in. The experiment at the Large Wave Flume tested a series of regular and irregular wave conditions in a highly reflective environment. The flume was equipped with five resistance wave gauges and eight ultrasonic wave gauges. The performance of the two systems for the regular wave cases was based on calculated reflection coefficients, uniformity of incident waves, and the length of time required to eliminate the existing waves in the flume after testing was completed. For irregular wave cases the change in variance during simultaneous generation and absorption and its exponential decrease at the culmination of generation were used. The performance parameters were calculated using a mixture of methods including zero down crossing analysis and the separation of incident and reflected waves conducted with the program WaveLab3. The results show that the AwaSys active absorption system outperforms MTS for the irregular wave cases. However, neither system was able to remain stable for the entire duration of all of the irregular wave conditions. Both AwaSys and MTS had similar performance for the regular wave cases, but there was a trend in favor of AwaSys for all but one tested frequency