Analyzing land use and climate change impacts of Suğla water storage in Turkey

Large water masses affect the land use of their surroundings and change the regional climate. Many methods are used to determine changes in regional climate and land use. This study aims to investigate the impact of the Su & gbreve;la water storage site in Turkey on land use and climate before and after 2006, the year the site became operational. The effects of the Su & gbreve;la water storage site on the climate and land use of the region were investigated using trend analyses, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) models, and remote sensing techniques. For these purposes, increasing or decreasing trends in the meteorological time series covering the years 1960-2020 obtained from four meteorological stations in this region were determined by trend analysis. ARIMA models, a time series estimation and forecasting method, were used to make predictions for the next 10-year period (2020-2030) for meteorological data. With remote sensing techniques, changes in land use were determined using Landsat satellite images from 1984, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2010, 2020 and 2022. As a result of the study, increasing and decreasing trends were detected in trend analysis and ARIMA forecasts at all stations. It was observed that the water bodies have increased by 1% since 2006, when the site started to hold water, and there has been a significant increase from forest and semi-natural areas to agricultural areas. These results show that the land use around the Su & gbreve;la water storage area has changed significantly, with agricultural areas expanding

The Role of Folic Acid in Rat Embryo Development in a Hypoxic Environment: An Experimental Study

Objective: Folic acid (FA) is a key antioxidant with substantial metabolic roles, and research has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing congenital anatomical development disorders. This study explores the impact of folic acid on embryo development under hypoxia-induced conditions in embryo cultures. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats, aged 4-10 months and weighing 150- 250 grams, were utilized for this research. Embryos were extracted from the maternal womb on the 9.5 (th )day of pregnancy. We established six groups, each consisting of 10 embryos: Control (C), Hypoxia (H), 1 mmol FA (1FA), 2 mmol FA (2FA), Hypoxia + 1 mmol FA (H1FA), and Hypoxia + 2 mmol FA (H2FA). Following a 48 -hour culture period, the groups were assessed morphologically. Results: When comparing the morphological parameters of the Control and Hypoxia groups, it was statistically demonstrated that the Control group completed its development, whereas the Hypoxia group exhibited insufficient development (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the Hypoxia group and the Hypoxia + 1 mmol FA and Hypoxia + 2 mmol FA groups (p<0.05). Both the Hypoxia + 1 mmol FA and Hypoxia + 2 mmol FA groups demonstrated better embryonic development compared to the Hypoxia group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study has established that FA has positive effects on embryos exposed to hypoxic conditions, which result in developmental delays.Scientific Research Projects Commission of Erciyes University [TYL-2016-6585]Financial Disclosure: This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of Erciyes University (TYL-2016-6585)

Okul Öncesi Çocukların Öz Düzenleme Becerilerinin Ego Sağlamlık Düzeylerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz düzenleme, yaşamın ilk yılarında kazanılması gereken temel bir beceridir; çocukluk, ergenlik ve yetişkinlik sürecinde olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlara sebep olabilmektedir. Özellikle okul öncesi dönem, ego gelişiminde önemli bir süreçtir. Araştırmada öz düzenleme becerilerinin okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının ego sağlamlık düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri ve ego sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu okul öncesine devam eden 5-6 yaş aralığındaki 309 çocuk ve anneleri oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında 4-6 Yaş Çocuklarına Yönelik Öz-Düzenleme Becerileri Ölçeği (Anne Formu) ve Çocuk Ego Sağlamlığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesi Pearson Korelasyon analizi ve CHAID analizi ile yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak çocukların toplam öz düzenleme becerileri ve dikkat, çalışma belleği, engelleyici duygu, engelleyici davranış düzenleme ile ego sağlamlık düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, çocukların öz düzenleme beceri düzeyleri arttıkça ego sağlamlık düzeylerinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada okul öncesi çocuklarında dikkat alt boyutunun çocukların ego sağlamlık düzeyleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak manidar düzeyde birincil belirleyici etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca dikkati orta düzeyde olan çocuklardan engelleyici kontrol duygu davranışı yüksek olan çocukların ego sağlamlık düzeylerinin daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çocuklarda ego ve ego sağlamlığının desteklenmesi ve gelişimine önem verilmelidir. Araştırma sonuçları, çocukların ego dayanıklılığını geliştirmek için uygun müdahale adımları oluşturulmasına rehberlik edebilir

4-h mean lactate clearance as a good predictor of adverse outcome in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a pilot study

Objectives This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the 4-h mean lactate clearance (LACclr) level as a predictive factor for in-hospital outcomes, 30-day mortality, and treatment success in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE), a significant clinical form of acute heart failure (AHF).Methods A total of 44 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on lactate levels and negative outcomes, and lactate and LACclr levels and negative outcomes were analyzed using statistical tests such as Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results The results indicated a statistically significant difference in the total hospitalization length of stay according to whether the patients had a negative outcome (intubation and in-hospital mortality) (p=0.033). Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) value for 4-h mean LACclr was 0.795 in all patients, which was statistically significant in predicting 30-day mortality (p=0.033). The optimal cut-off value for the 4-h mean LACclr in predicting 30-day mortality was found to be 5.57 %, with 80 % sensitivity and 66.7 % specificity. The threshold to rule out 30-day mortality for all patients was 18.85 with 100 % sensitivity and 30.2 % specificity (AUC, 0.795 95 % CI [0.546-1.000], p=0.033).Conclusions These findings suggest that the 4-h LACclr level, calculated within 4 h of emergency department (ED) presentation, can be used as a predictive indicator for needing intubation, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality and to identify patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes

Analysis of the mediating effect of consumers' avoidance behaviours on avoidance behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in online and offline shopping

Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı, Üretim Yönetimi ve Pazarlama Bilim DalıKaçınma davranışı ile ilgili çalışmalar literatürde ilk olarak psikoloji alanında görülmektedir. Konu ile ilgili psikoloji alanında yoğunlaşan çalışmaların varlığı dikkat çekmekle birlikte, sosyal bilimler alanında konunun yeterince araştırılmadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı tüketicilerin sergiledikleri kaçınma davranışlarının Covid-19 salgınından kaçınma davranışlarına etkisi ve kaçınma davranışlarının online/offline alışveriş kanalı seçimlerinde Covid-19 salgınından kaçınma davranışlarına olan aracılık etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için kavramsal bir model geliştirilmiş ve modele ilişkin geliştirilen hipotezler Yapısal Eşitlik Analizi ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; bilişsel kaçınma Covid-19 salgınından kaçınmayı etkilemezken, davranışsal kaçınma Covid-19 salgınından kaçınmayı etkilemektedir. Modelin açıklama oranı 0,14'dür ve davranışsal kaçınma 1 birim arttıkça Covid-19 salgınından kaçınma 0,116 düzeyinde artmaktadır. Tüketicilerin kaçınma davranışları online alışverişlerini etkilemekte ve offline alışverişlerini azaltmakta ve yine aynı şekilde Covid-19 salgınından kaçınma davranışları da online alışverişlerini etkilemekte ve offline alışverişlerini azaltmaktadır. Tüketicilerin kaçınma davranışlarında "davranışsal" kaçınma boyutunun offline alışverişlerinin azalmasında Covid-19 salgınının aracılık etkisi ve online alışverişlerinde Covid-19 Salgınının aracılık etkisi bulunmaktadır. Salgınların artan sıklığı nedeniyle işletmelerin online ve offline alışverişlerine yönelik pazarlama stratejilerinde tüketici davranışlarını etkileyen faktörler içerisine, tüketicilerin kaçınma davranışlarını etkileyecek unsurları da eklemeleri gerektiği önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kaçınma Davranışı, Bilişsel ve Davranışsal Kaçınma Ölçeği (CBAS), Pandemiden Kaçınma ve Endişe Ölçeği (PACS), Online-Offline Alışveriş.Studies on avoidance behaviour are firstly seen in the field of psychology in the literature. Although the existence of studies concentrated in the field of psychology on the subject attracts attention, it has been observed that the subject has not been sufficiently researched in the field of social sciences. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of avoidance behaviours exhibited by consumers on Covid-19 pandemic avoidance behaviours and the mediating effect of Covid-19 pandemic avoidance behaviours on online/offline shopping channel choices. A conceptual model has been developed to achieve this goal, and the hypotheses related to the model have been tested using Structural Equation Analysis. According to the analysis results; cognitive avoidance does not affect avoiding the Covid-19 pandemic, while behavioral avoidance influences avoiding the Covid-19 pandemic. The model's explanatory power is 0.14, and as behavioral avoidance increases by 1 unit, avoiding the Covid-19 pandemic increases by 0.116 levels. Consumers' avoidance behaviors influence their online shopping and reduce offline shopping. Similarly, avoidance behaviors related to the Covid-19 pandemic also impact online shopping and decrease offline shopping. In consumers' avoidance behaviors, the "behavioral" avoidance dimension has a mediating effect on the decrease in offline shopping due to the Covid-19 pandemic and a mediating effect on online shopping due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to the increasing frequency of pandemics, it is recommended that businesses incorporate factors influencing consumer behavior into their marketing strategies for both online and offline shopping. Additionally, it is suggested that businesses should include elements that affect consumer avoidance behaviors in response to these factors. Key Words: Avoidance Behaviour, Cognitive–Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS), Pandemic Avoidance and Concern Scales (PACS) Online-Offline Shopping

Tractography analysis results of the trigeminus nerve, which contains fibers responsible for proprioception sensation and motor control in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Study Design Cross-sectional Study. Background It is not yet clear whether the loss of proprioceptive sensation and muscle weakness seen in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the result of central nervous system dysfunction or secondary to spinal deformity. In our study, in order to find an answer to this question, we examined the microarchitecture of the nervus trigeminus, which is least affected by spinal deformity and contains both proprioceptive sensory and motor fibers. Methods In this single-center, cross-sectional cohort study, 40 Lenke Type 3 (27 female, 13 male) AIS patients and 40 (25 female, 15 male) healthy individuals between the ages of 10-18 years. Tractography of the nervus trigenimus was performed using the DSI Studio program. The volumes of the targeted musculus pterygoideus lateralis and musculus pterygoideus medialis were measured using the Insight Segmentation and Registration Tool Kit (ITK -SNAP) program. The data were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 program for Windows. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline characteristics (p >0.05). Left nervus trigeminus fiber number and fiber ratio were significantly higher in the control group compared to the scoliosis group p < 0.05. Right and left lateral pterygoid muscle showed lower volume and volume percentage in the scoliosis group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion According to the study data, proprioceptive sensory and motor control dysfunction in AIS is predicted to develop independently of spinal deformity

Analysis of demographic and social statistics of Çorum province (1935-1960)

Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim DalıÇorum İli Demografik ve Sosyal İstatistik Analizi" başlıklı bu çalışma, Çorum ilinin demografik yapısı, sosyal dinamikleri ve ekonomik gelişimini kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Çorum'un tarihsel süreçte geçirdiği nüfus hareketleri, eğitim-öğretim durumu, iş gücü yapısı, kentleşme oranları ve sosyal hizmetler gibi çeşitli alanlardaki değişimleri analiz etmektedir. Çorum'un nüfus hareketleri, ilin demografik yapısının anlaşılmasında temel bir rol oynamaktadır. 1927 yılında 153,000 olan nüfus, 2023 yılında 530,000'e ulaşmıştır. Bu artış, kırsal kesimden şehir merkezlerine gerçekleşen iç göçler ve doğurganlık oranlarındaki değişimlerle açıklanabilir. Özellikle 1950'li yıllardan itibaren tarımda makineleşme ve sanayileşme politikaları, kırsal nüfusun kentlere göç etmesine yol açmıştır. Eğitim-öğretim durumu, Çorum'un sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasında kritik bir öneme sahiptir. 1927 yılında %10 olan okur-yazarlık oranı, 2023 yılında %98'e yükselmiştir. Bu başarı, il genelinde eğitim hizmetlerinin yaygınlaşması ve eğitimde cinsiyet eşitliğinin sağlanmasıyla mümkün olmuştur. İş gücü yapısı incelendiğinde, 1950'de iş gücünün %70'i tarım sektöründe iken, 2023'te bu oran %20'ye düşmüş, sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerinde çalışanların oranı %40'a yükselmiştir. Kentleşme süreci de önemli bir faktördür; 1927'de %25 olan kentleşme oranı, 2023'te %65'e yükselmiştir. Bu süreç, köylerden şehir merkezlerine gerçekleşen iç göçler ile hızlanmıştır. Çalışma, Çorum'un demografik ve sosyal yapısının tarihsel süreçteki değişimlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir.This study titled "Demographic and Social Statistics Analysis of Çorum Province" comprehensively addresses the demographic structure, social dynamics and economic development of Çorum province. The study examines the population movements, education and training situation, workforce structure, urbanization rates that Çorum has experienced in the historical process. It analyzes changes in various areas such as Çorum's population movements and social services. The population, which was 153,000 in 1927, reached 530,000 in 2023. This increase is due to internal migration from rural areas to city centers. It can be explained by the changes in agricultural rates. Especially since the 1950s, mechanization and industrialization policies in agriculture have led to the migration of the rural population to cities. It is of critical importance. The literacy rate, which was 10% in 1927, increased to 98% in 2023. This success was made possible by expanding educational services throughout the province and ensuring gender equality in education. When the workforce structure is examined, while 70% of the workforce was in the agricultural sector in 1950, this rate decreased to 20% in 2023, and the proportion of employees in the industry and service sectors increased to 40%. The urbanization process is also an important factor; The urbanization rate, which was 25% in 1927, increased to 65% in 2023. This process was accelerated by internal migration from villages to city centres. The study comprehensively examines the changes in Çorum's demographic and social structure throughout the historical process

Türkiye'deki Ebelerin COVİD-19'lu Kadınlara Doğum Bakımı Sağlama Konusunda Deneyimleri: Niteliksel Bir Çalışma

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the experiences of midwives in providing childbirth care to women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with 25 midwives who worked in a public hospital for at least one year and actively provided childbirth care to women with COVID-19 between 15-30 January 2021.The data were obtained through one-to-one video conference interviews using a semi-structured interview form consisting of seven open-ended questions prepared by the researchers and analyzed thematically. Results: Four main themes were identified. Theme 1: ‘Change in midwifery care performance’ describes the performance of midwives in providing childbirth care to women with COVID-19 and the influencing factors. Theme 2: ‘Unusual labour and delivery’ explained the isolation processes of midwives in labour and birth, the changes they experience regarding the acceptance of a birth partner during the birth, and the way they handle the increasing number of cesarean section decisions. Theme 3: ‘Strict policies that disrupt postpartum care’, explained the practices of midwives in the postpartum period, which changed with political decisions. Theme 4: ‘Emotional problems’ explain the emotional problems directly experienced from a professional and human perspective. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 period, midwives preserved their compassion and empathy, but had difficulty providing woman-centered care. They defended natural birth, but could not have their say in the changes. Anxiety, fear, increased stress, and burnout significantly affected the professional quality of life. © 2024, Ataturk Universitesi. All rights reserved

YAĞ YAKMA (YAPMA/ÇEKME) DEYİMİNİN KÜLTÜREL KODLARI ÜZERİNE

In every language there are words whose connection with ancient beliefs has been forgotten. In order to understand, interpret and determine their related connections, folklore and language studies may sometimes be needed in a line extending to mythology. Because there is information formed by the experiences of the past in words and these gain the feature of tradition over time. Therefore, the connection between language and national character and behavior is deep. Words that can be understood through cultural science require ethnological analysis, and their analysis can be done through linguistic analysis. The necessity of understanding these through ethnology also stems from their antiquity. Because it is not always easy to understand and comprehend old elements correctly. This is also valid for the entire vocabulary of Turkish. Various studies have drawn attention to the words that are thought to be related to mythological elements in the Turkish language. Some of these are the statements of g & ouml;z & uuml; kanl & imath;, dar & imath;s & imath; ba & scedil;& imath;m & imath;za, a & gbreve;a & ccedil; kovu & gbreve;u, g & ouml;k ve ay han, y & uuml;z & uuml; g & ouml;mg & ouml;k, g & ouml;k g & ouml;zl & uuml;, g & ouml;k ke & ccedil;inin p & uuml;sk & uuml;ll & uuml; o & gbreve;la & gbreve;& imath; olmak . The number of such exemplary words in the Turkish language may increase even more with the tendencies to be made to native words for this purpose. In the study it is assumed that one of the words that can be explained with Turkish mythology in Turkish is to burn oil. In the study, the connection of the idiom in question with the metaphorical meaning of flattery with the old belief and mythology has been tried to be revealed and the place of oil in the old beliefs of the Turks has been mentioned. We think that the practice of anointing or anointing the t & ouml;s (a kind of figure made for symbolizing generally the member of family who died) within the framework of the cult of ancestors, burning (smoking -smelling) oil in sacrificial offerings to God and commemoration of ancestors is effective in the formation of this idiom and gaining a figurative meaning. When the expression burning oil is evaluated from this point of view, it will be seen that it is an expression directly related to Turkish mythology and the old belief system. Studies of culture, folklore and mythology have shown that Turks used to make t & ouml;s from beech bark, stone, leather or cloth to represent their ancestor spirits within their old beliefs and traditions. The t & ouml;s, which was important for the family, were placed at the corner of the house and fed with oil in their mouths. Because they symbolized the ancestral spirits, which they believed to be immortal, with these representations they made from various objects and called t & ouml;s. Again, on hunting or other special days, various foods, especially oil, and sa & ccedil;& imath; (a kind of gift dropping on holy thing or human) were made for them. These practices for ancestral spirits were to gain their approval, to keep them pleasant, and to lead a life free from dangers and evils under their protection. In particular, oil means that the spirit of the ancestors is considered very important and remembered, as well as the worship of God. It can be said that the use of oil to saturate figurines called t & ouml;s and also called emeget in some Turkish dialects is a kind of blessing. In time, this situation created expressions such as flattering, lubricating, lubricating, meaning to flatter those who have power in order to achieve something, so it seems that a ritual to honor the ancestors' spirits and to reach God for prayers has taken on a figurative meaning. The Turkish sacrificial tradition of oil and the practice of connecting with the sacred of the Turks live in this word as an idiom, but its relation with it has been forgotten. Mythology readings are necessary for a better understanding of culture and language and to determine the origin of words. Increasing studies on cultural textures will make national elements both understandable and consciously alive. The myths that include the beliefs and fears of the first people will also enable the members of the nation to unite around common beliefs and behaviors. It is hoped that the study will make a small contribution to such a need

An analysis of air quality in Pristina city center and its relation to traffic-derived air pollution emission

Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Ulaştırma Bilim DalıBu çalışma, Priştine kenti taşıt emisyonlarını tahmin etmek için veri toplanma, işleme ve modelleme çalışmalarını içermektedir. İlk aşamada, beş farklı taşıt ve dokuz sürücülerden OBD cihazları kullanılarak saniye bazlı hız ve konum verileri toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler temizlenmiş, hatalı veriler çıkarılmıştır. Ardından geliştirilen ardışık üç nokta algoritması ile mikro-yolculuklar belirlenmiş ve k-means kümeleme yöntemi ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu yolculuklardan 1780 saniyelik bir sürücü çevrimi oluşturulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Priştine sürücülerinin Avrupa standart sürücü çevrimlerine kıyasla daha agresif taşıt kullandıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca dönel kavşaklarda ortalama hızların diğer kavşak türlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Priştine kentindeki kayıtlı 55498 taşıt 2020 yılı baz alınarak MOVES modeli ve Monte-Carlo simülasyonu kullanılarak emisyon tahmini için kullanılmıştır. Sürücü çevrimine dayalı modele göre ortalama otomobil başına emisyonlar; CO için 48 g, HC için 1.22 g ve NOx için 2.32 g bulunmuştur. SUMO yazılımına bütünleştirilen MOVES modelinde ise bu değerler sırasıyla 43 g, 0.81 g ve 1.84 g olarak tahmin edilmiştir. HBEFA4 modelinin ise CO ve HC değerlerini oldukça düşük tahmin ettiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, gelişen motor teknolojilerine sayesinde artan trafiğe rağmen emisyon seviyelerinin aynı kaldığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of vehicle emissions in Pristina, Kosovo, including data collection, processing, and modelling. In the first stage, second-by?second speed and position data were collected from five different vehicles and nine drivers using OBD devices. The collected data was cleaned and erroneous data was removed. Then, micro-trips were identified using the developed three-point consecutive algorithm and classified using the k-means clustering method. A driver cycle of 1780 seconds was created from these trips. The analysis results showed that Pristina drivers tend to drive more aggressively compared to European standard driver cycles. It was also found that average speeds at roundabouts are higher than other intersection types. The MOVES model and Monte-Carlo simulation were used to estimate emissions for 55498 registered vehicles in Pristina city based on the year 2020. According to the model based on the driver cycle, average per-vehicle emissions were found to be 48 g for CO, 1.22 g for HC, and 2.32 g for NOx. In the MOVES model integrated with SUMO software, these values were estimated as 43 g, 0.81 g, and 1.84 g, respectively. The HBEFA4 model was found to underestimate CO and HC values considerably. In conclusion, it was found that despite the increasing traffic, emission levels remained the same due to advances in engine technologies